Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitidis) syndrome is characterized by periodic fever, adenitis, pharyngitis, and aphthous stomatitis. Herein, we present a Turkish child with PFAPA syndrome mimicking familial Mediterranean fever because of a rare presentation. A 9-year-old boy was admitted with recurrent fever, aphthous stomatitis, sore throat, headache, and general body pains, lasting 2 to 3 days since 3.5 years of age. He was completely symptom-free between the attacks. He was diagnosed as having familial Mediterranean fever according to the clinical findings when he was 6 years of age and Colchicum tablet was administrated. Despite colchicines therapy for 8 months, his attacks did not subside; therefore, the drug was discontinued. He had high fever, a painful cervical lymphadenopathy, aphthous stomatitis, and tonsillo-pharyngitis. The patient was then diagnosed as having PFAPA syndrome. He was given a single dose of prednisolone (0.35 mg/kg/dose). His complaints dramatically and completely disappeared 3 h after administration of the drug. During the 8th month of follow-up, a similar febrile attack lasting only 1 day was noted and it was controlled with a single dose of prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day). At this writing the patient is in the 12th month of follow-up, and there have been no symptoms after the second attack. In conclusion, our patient shows that PFAPA syndrome can be confused with familial Mediterranean fever. We also would like to emphasize that the typical PFAPA syndrome can be easily diagnosed by detailed history-taking and physical findings.
 ...
PMID:PFAPA syndrome mimicking familial Mediterranean fever: report of a Turkish child. 1465 77

Omalizumab (Xolair) is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of adolescent and adult patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). It selectively binds to circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) and, thereby, prevents binding of IgE to mast cells and other effector cells. Without surface-bound IgE, these cells are unable to recognize allergens, thus preventing cellular activation by antigens and the subsequent allergic/asthmatic symptoms. Omalizumab decreases free serum IgE levels in a dose-dependent manner, reduces IgE receptor density on effector cells, and significantly improves airway inflammation parameters. Omalizumab is slowly absorbed after subcutaneous administration, and mean elimination half-life is 26 days, thus allowing infrequent administration of the drug. Omalizumab dosage is determined by bodyweight and pretreatment serum total IgE levels. Patients treated with subcutaneous omalizumab in clinical trials received a dosage that was approximately equal to 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (IU/mL) per 4 weeks. Thus, patients received 150 or 300 mg every 4 weeks, or 225, 300, or 375 mg every 2 weeks. In adults and adolescents (> or = 12 years of age) with moderate to severe allergic asthma, subcutaneous administration of omalizumab as add-on therapy with ICS improved the number of asthma exacerbations, rescue medication use, asthma symptom scores, and quality-of-life (QOL) scores compared with placebo during 28- and 32-week double-blind trials. In addition, concomitant ICS use was significantly decreased in patients receiving omalizumab, and in the two largest double-blind trials approximately 40% of omalizumab recipients completely withdrew from ICS therapy while maintaining effective asthma control. In general, results of extension studies showed that the beneficial effects of omalizumab were maintained over a total period of 52 weeks. Omalizumab was well tolerated as add-on therapy with ICS during treatment for up to 52 weeks. Common adverse events in clinical trials included injection site reaction, viral infection, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, headache, and pharyngitis, although the incidence of adverse events with omalizumab was similar to that with placebo. In conclusion, omalizumab, as add-on therapy with ICS, is an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic asthma in adolescents and adults. In addition to its symptomatic and QOL benefits, omalizumab therapy allows ICS dosage reduction or discontinuation of ICS in many patients. Comparisons of omalizumab with other asthma therapies have yet to be conducted; however, clinical efficacy and tolerability data indicate that omalizumab is a valuable option in the treatment of allergic asthma.
 ...
PMID:Spotlight on omalizumab in allergic asthma. 1557 25

We report 43 cases of chlorodifluoromethane (Freon-22) intoxication that occurred on August 5, 2003 when a freezer in a seafood factory exploded. In this accident, 80 workers were exposed to Freon-22 gas and 43 workers developed symptoms and were transferred to six hospitals. Neurological symptoms including dizziness, headache, and nausea were most frequently observed (40 of 43 patients). One patient was comatose but recovered within 1 h with oxygen inhalation. Airway and respiratory symptoms including dysesthesia of the tongue, pharyngitis, and shortness of breath were also frequently observed (26 of 43 patients). These symptoms disappeared within a few days in all patients. There were no fatalities. Although Freon-22 has been considered to be a chlorofluorocarbon of relatively low toxicity, this incident suggests that potentially significant toxic effects may occur following large exposures.
 ...
PMID:Acute inhalational exposure to chlorodifluoromethane (freon-22): a report of 43 cases. 1603 10

The intranasal corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). A new hydrofluoroalkane-134a (HFA)-propelled formulation (TAA-HFA) has been approved recently. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of TAA-HFA in patients with perennial AR over 1 year. A total of 396 patients aged 12-69 years with perennial AR (PAR) enrolled in this 1-year, open-label study. Patients received TAA-HFA, 220 microg, once daily for 2 weeks before adjusting their dose to 440 or 110 microg once daily as needed to control symptoms. Doses were standardized to 440 microg across all patients at approximately 4 months. Physical examinations, vital signs, and laboratory measurements were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and study end. Patient and physician global symptom evaluations were performed at visits 3-10. Patients recorded any adverse events (AEs) on daily diary cards. Of the 396 patients enrolled, 349 (88.1%) reported AEs. The most frequently reported AEs were pharyngitis, rhinitis, local reactions, headache, epistaxis, and sinusitis. Most AEs were mild to moderate in intensity; 34 patients discontinued because of AEs. There were no clinically relevant changes in physical examinations, vital signs, or laboratory measurements. A total of four serious AEs were reported; all were recorded as not related to study drug. Mean patient and physician scores of symptom relief showed significant relief from week 2 (visit 3) through the final visit. Long-term administration of TAA-HFA, 440 microg, exhibited a good safety and tolerability profile, while providing moderate-to-complete symptom relief as rated by patients and physicians.
 ...
PMID:Safety and clinical relief over 1 year with triamcinolone acetonide hydrofluoroalkane-134a nasal aerosol in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 1691 68

The development of corticosteroids that are delivered directly to the nasal mucosa has alleviated much of the concern about the systemic adverse effects associated with oral corticosteroid therapy. However, given the high potency of these drugs and their widespread use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is important to ensure that intranasal corticosteroids have a favourable benefit-risk ratio. One agent that typifies the systemic safety found in the majority of intranasal corticosteroids is mometasone furoate nasal spray, a potent and effective treatment for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Mometasone furoate does not reach high systemic concentrations or cause clinically significant adverse effects. Results from pharmacokinetic studies in adults and children suggest that systemic exposure to mometasone furoate after intranasal administration is negligible. This is probably because of the inherently low aqueous solubility of mometasone furoate, which allows only a small fraction of the drug to cross the nasal mucosa and enter the bloodstream, and because a large amount of the administered drug is swallowed and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. There is no clinical evidence that mometasone furoate nasal spray suppresses the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis when the drug is administered at clinically relevant doses (100-200 microg/day); consequently, mometasone furoate nasal spray has not been associated with growth inhibition in children. The safety and tolerability of mometasone furoate nasal spray have been rigorously assessed in clinical trials involving approximately 4,500 patients, with epistaxis, headache and pharyngitis being the most common adverse effects associated with treatment in adolescents and adults. The clinical effectiveness of mometasone furoate nasal spray, coupled with its agreeable safety and tolerability profile, confirms its favourable benefit-risk ratio.
 ...
PMID:Mometasone furoate nasal spray: a review of safety and systemic effects. 1740 8

In this study, the clinical and laboratory features of 26 infectious mononucleosis (IMN) cases who have been diagnosed between the years of 1984-2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 26+/-11 years, the rate of being hospitalized was 65%, and mean hospitalization period was 9.2+/-6 days. Fever (81%), weakness (50%), sore throat (50%), headache (50%) and swollen neck (35%) were the most common symptoms, while in the physical examination cervical lymphadenopathy (81%), splenomegaly (69%), hyperemic pharynx (65%), hepatomegaly (54%) and tonsillitis (50%) were observed. Laboratory results yielded leukocytosis in 21%, leucopenia in 12%, anemia in 44%, thrombocytopenia in 5% and elevated transaminase levels in 84% of the patients. Of the patients 15 (57.7%) had the history of using antibiotics before the diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was performed by Paul-Bunnel test and/or IgM positivity against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA). Tonsillo-pharyngitis secondary to edema and respiratory distress due to lymphadenopathy pressure were detected in four patients, whereas pancytopenia was established only in one patient, as complications. This study emphasized that, although IMN is a self-limited infection, the diagnostic difficulties may arise when the clinical course is atypical, and rarely seen life-threatening complications may also develop during IMN course.
 ...
PMID:[Retrospective evaluation of patients who were diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis between 1984-2005]. 1742 57

Australia has 4 rickettsial diseases: murine typhus, Queensland tick typhus, Flinders Island spotted fever, and scrub typhus. We describe 7 cases of a rickettsiosis with an acute onset and symptoms of fever (100%), headache (71%), arthralgia (43%), myalgia (43%), cough (43%), maculopapular/petechial rash (43%), nausea (29%), pharyngitis (29%), lymphadenopathy (29%), and eschar (29%). Cases were most prevalent in autumn and from eastern Australia, including Queensland, Tasmania, and South Australia. One patient had a history of tick bite (Haemaphysalis novaeguineae). An isolate shared 99.2%, 99.8%, 99.8%, 99.9%, and 100% homology with the 17 kDa, ompA, gltA, 16S rRNA, and Sca4 genes, respectively, of Rickettsia honei. This Australian rickettsiosis has similar symptoms to Flinders Island spotted fever, and the strain is genetically related to R. honei. It has been designated the "marmionii" strain of R. honei, in honor of Australian physician and scientist Barrie Marmion.
 ...
PMID:Flinders Island spotted fever rickettsioses caused by "marmionii" strain of Rickettsia honei, Eastern Australia. 1755 71

Aphthous ulcers are the most common oral mucosal lesions in the general population. Several precipitating factors for aphthous ulcers are suggested to operate on subjects with genetic predisposition. Sometimes aphthous ulcers can be the sign of systemic diseases. Therefore, it is essential to establish a correct diagnosis to determine suitable therapy. There are several diseases potentially responsible for oral ulcers. Sometimes appearance of periodic oral ulcers coincides with periodic fever and other symptoms leading to the diagnosis of a rare childhood disease: PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenopathy) syndrome. PFAPA or Marshall's syndrome is characterized by abrupt onset of periodic episodes of high fever accompanied by aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis, often associated with headache and / or abdominal or joint pain. Owing to the periodic onset of oral symptoms, often an oral physician or pediatric dentist may be the first healthcare worker to evaluate a child with clinical signs compatible with PFAPA syndrome. Children diagnosed with this condition require systematic oral follow-up to monitor for signs of ulceration.
 ...
PMID:Oral aphthous-like lesions, PFAPA syndrome: a review. 1822 23

Lemierre syndrome is an anaerobic bacteremia associated with a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Septic emboli can be found in many organs. It often occurs after pharyngitis. Today, Lemierre syndrome is quite rare, but without rapid treatment, it may become life-threatening. A 4-year-old child presented with a febrile headache and torticollis. He was influenza A (H1N1)-positive. He also had beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. A secondary CT scan was taken because of clinical worsening (non reducible torticollis). Parapharyngeal abscess and septic thrombophlebitis in the left jugular vein were revealed. In spite of negative blood cultures, our patient may have presented Lemierre syndrome. The outcome was favorable using intravenous antibiotics (metronidazole and penicillin) and curative anticoagulation. The thrombophlebitis vanished during a 2-month course of anticoagulation. Lemierre syndrome may occur after viral infections such as EBV or CMV infections. Like those viruses, influenza A (H1N1) virus may induce transient immunosuppression that predisposes to bacterial infections. Our patient had Lemierre syndrome occurring during an influenza A (H1N1) infection.
 ...
PMID:[Lemierre syndrome and influenza A (H1N1)]. 2139 6

Epidemics of dengue outbreak are frequent in south-east Asian countries. Dengue is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this region. This prospective observational study was done at Dr BC Roy Memorial for Children during the outbreak in 2005 in Kolkata to know the clinical pattern of dengue cases and to find the possible markers of development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Two hundred and eighty seropositive cases of dengue were included in the study. Among paediatric population, 5 to 10 years age group was most commonly affected. One-sixth of the cases were from villages indicating the extension of the epidemic in rural areas. Abrupt onset of high fever, non-purulent conjunctival injection, erythematous lips, flushed appearance, myalgia, arthralgia, headache and thrombocytopenia were the predominant features. Rhinitis and pharyngitis were rarely found. Prolonged fever more than 7 days, flushed appearance, pharyngeal congestion, shock evidence, serous effusion, bleeding manifestations, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and elevated PCV were associated with development of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Clinical profile of dengue during 2005 outbreak in Kolkata and predictive markers of dengue haemorrhagic fever. 2266 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>