Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. 5 91

The efficacy of EMD 21657--a derivative of a pyritinolmetabolite--with regard to the improvement of the organic brain syndrome (OBS) of chronic alcoholics was investigated in a double-blind study utilizing clinical, psychometric and quantitative EEG evaluation. Nineteen patients received 3 x 300 mg EMD and 21 patients 3 x 1 dragee placebo for 6 weeks. The groups did not differ in regard to age, sex, weight, height, alcohol anamnesis or IQ. The hospitalized patients were examined before as well as at the end of the second, fourth and sixth week of drug treatment. While the overall evaluation by the psychiatrist and patients at the end of the period of treatment did not show marked intergroup differences, the clinical global impression scale and the OBS rating scale demonstrated that both groups showed a significant reduction in their OBS and that improvement with EMD 21657 therapy was significantly superior to the one with placebo. Psychometric analysis also exhibited a significant superiority of EMD in regard to the general, associative, numeric and total verbal memory, concentration and attention variability. Psychovisual memory and the quantative aspects of attention showed opposite findings. Flickerlight fusion frequency, reaction time and after-image did not change significantly. The psychomotor activity improved significantly more with EMD than placebo; this was especially pronounced in the left hand. Affect and mood improved also more with EMD than placebo. Side effects were observed more frequently under active treatment and were characterized by temporary headaches. Power spectral density analysis of the EEG revealed in both groups a decrease of delta, fast alpha and beta activities and an increase in theta and slow alpha activity, but changes during EMD treatment more frequently reached the level of statistical significance than with placebo. The most consistant finding was the theta augmentation under EMD treatment. It was concluded that EMD 21657 is a CNS-effective drug with pronounced nootropic and slight thymotropic properties.
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PMID:Treatment of the alcoholic organic brain syndrome with EMD 21657. A derivative of a pyritinolmetabolite: double-blind clinical, quantitative EEG and psychometric studies. 35 83

A 65 year old male with the entity, scleromyxedema, experienced exacerbation of the disease in which the main clinical features involved the central nervous system. He presented with clouded sensorium, disorganized thinking, combative behavior, headache, unsteady gait and grand mal seizures. A few days after hospital admission the symptoms abated. After a 6 day hiatus, the symptoms suddenly recurred, continuing for another week. The symptomatology again suddenly ceased with complete clearance of mental status. During the full-blown delirium, the electroencephalogram had demonstrated diffuse slowing while lumbar puncture, brain scan, E.M.I. scan and cerebral arteriogram failed to contribute to the understanding of the clinical presentation. Scleromyxedema rarely involves the central nervous system. This case illustrates a very unusual manifestation of scleromyxedema, prominent central nervous system involvement presenting as an acute organic brain syndrome. It is the only case which includes formal mental status examination, cerebrospinal fluid findings and electroencephalogram results.
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PMID:Acute cerebral symptomatology, a rare presentation of scleromyxedema. 41 72

A 38-year-old layer of parquet flooring was referred because of memory impairment, tiredness and diffuse headaches. His work involved using several neurotoxic organic solvents. Extensive laboratory, neuropsychological, clinical neurophysiological, neuroadiological, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy studies were performed. The neuropsychological and behavioural assessments showed an organic brain syndrome. MR imaging and CT scanning of the brain revealed enlarged ventricles and generalized atrophy. 31P and 1H MR spectroscopic measurements did not show any abnormalities. Owing to recent improvements regarding sensitivity and facilitated assignment, MR spectroscopy may provide in the near future significant additional information on brain metabolism in patients with brain dysfunction presumably induced by organic solvents.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance studies on brain dysfunction induced by organic solvents. 144 99

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease characterized by multiple autoimmune phenomena, and a broad clinical spectrum. Involvement of the central nervous system is common, and in the majority of patients occurs mainly as an organic brain syndrome or as migraineous headache. Cerebral atrophy as judged by CT scan is common. Cerebral infarction occurs in a minority of patients, mainly those with high disease activity and a high titer of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients with certain central nervous system aberrations, especially young females.
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PMID:[Central nervous symptoms and findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 221 32

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) are useful for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lupus. This report describes the use of cranial MR and CT in 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms manifested by headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, psychosis, or organic brain syndrome. Computed tomography was found to be insensitive and detected only diffuse atrophy (two cases), cerebral infarct (one case), and intracerebral haemorrhage (one case) in the 21 patients. Cranial MR images obtained with a General Electric 1.5 tesla Signa unit detected labile and fixed areas of increased proton intensity interpreted as focal oedema (eight cases), infarct (10 cases), haemorrhage (one), atrophy (seven), and acute sinusitis (two). Focal oedema was characterised by labile, high intensity lesions in the gray or white matter of the cerebellum, cerebrum, or brain stem, which completely resolved after aggressive corticosteroid treatment. Most high intensity reversible or fixed lesions evident on MR were not apparent on cranial CT images. In several patients sequential MR images were valuable in monitoring the efforts of treatment. Although histological confirmation of the high intensity brain lesions apparent on MR is desirable, prior necropsy studies suggest that pathological confirmation may be difficult owing to the paucity of recognisable brain lesions in patients with CNS lupus. It is concluded that for the evaluation of acute neuropsychiatric SLE MR is useful and provides more information than cranial CT.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging in the evaluation of acute neuropsychiatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. 261 53

The images of cranial computed tomographies on 7.921 patients aging between 50 and 98 years were analyzed retrospectively concerning the occurrence of WMLA. 3.344 patients were suffering from psychogeriatric disorders (organic brain syndrome, dementia, depressive or delusional psychoses). Neurological diagnoses (stroke, TIA, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, space occupying lesions, seizures, cerebral trauma, vertigo, chronic headache) occurred in 4.577 patients. WMLA was established in 761 cases. The combination of WMLA with cerebral atrophies, with single or multiple infarcts and with both infarcts and atrophy will be demonstrated within 4 groups: 1. organic brain syndrome and dementia, 2. depression and delusional states, 3. stroke and TIA, 4. other neurological diagnoses. In group one the combination of WMLA with atrophy and infarcts is the most common finding in CT. In group two WMLA without atrophies and infarcts are the main tissue changes in CT. Group three is marked mainly by the occurrence of recent infarcts together with WMLA. In group four again WMLA only, in some cases together with multiple infarcts, do occur mainly. Compared to the cases without WMLA in each group WMLA is seen in cases with organic brain syndromes and dementias three to five times more than in the other diagnostic groups. WMLA in computed tomography seems to be a common finding in patients and healthy individuals of old age. Therefore the diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance for brain diseases in old age is limited. Nevertheless in the field of psychogeriatric disorders it may be possess a certain value to understand the nature of such diseases. This value will be discussed and demonstrated considering the pathogenesis of WMLA on the basis of neuropathological results.
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PMID:[Periventricular attenuation of the density of cerebral hemisphere white matter in computerized tomography of neuropsychiatric patients in the 2d half of life. Diagnostic significance and pathogenesis]. 322 Apr 19

A placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study conducted at a general practitioner's surgery was designed to investigate the efficacy of bencyclane in 120 outpatients with cerebral dysfunctions based on organic brain syndrome. The study started with a 4-week placebo washout phase and then continued with a 12-week treatment phase. 200 mg Bencyclane-hydrogenfumarate was administered b.i.d. Efficacy was assessed by a doctor's symptom rating (SCAG) and a study nurse's rating (BGP) as well as by two performance tests (CFF and ZVT-G). Data from 106 patients (52 under bencyclane and 54 under placebo) were statistically analysed. More side effects were seen under bencyclane than under placebo, in particular insomnia, headache, akathisia, nausea and vomiting. As an a priori hypothesis, it was stated that after alpha-adjustment there should be a statistically significant difference in symptomatology (SCAG, BGP) and performance (CFF, ZVT-G). With regard to performance, the zero hypothesis could be rejected on the 5% level, and on the 1% level with respect to symptomatology. The experimental error on both the performance and the symptom level was below 6%. The drug effects were significant on a confirmatory level and are considered to be also of clinical relevance.
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PMID:[Treatment of disorders of cerebral performance in the aged in ambulatory care using bencyclane. Results of a controlled double-blind phase III study versus placebo]. 355 4

Fifty patients were examined clinically and neurologically for seven days after pneumoencephalography. Headache was present in 78%, neck stiffness in 34%, pyrexia in 38%, vomiting in 34%, tachycardia in 74%, a change in the level of consciousness in 18%, and abnormal neurological signs in 30%. Of the 13 patients with epilepsy, there was an increased frequency of seizures in four, associated with increased EEG epileptiform activity in three. EEG abnormality either appeared or increased in 74% of cases on the second day after the air study. A mechanism for the production of these sequelae is proposed. It is concluded that these findings indicate that in most cases an organic brain syndrome follows pneumoencephalography.
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PMID:Sequelae to pneumoencephalography. 469 87

The records of 37 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1968 and 1978 were reviewed for evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Criteria for CNS involvement included evidence of organic brain syndrome, electroencephalographic abnormalities with symptoms referable to CNS, or objective neurologic signs. Sixteen of 37 children had CNS involvement (43%). Thirteen patients had CNS involvement at the onset of SLE. Three patients had late onset CNS manifestations 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of SLE. The most frequently observed symptoms were headache, behavior disorder, lethargy, diplopia, blurred vision, memory alteration, dizziness, and alteration of consciousness. The most frequently observed neurologic signs were seizures, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, papilledema, nystagmus, meningitis, tremor, rigidity, cortical blindness, and coma. Neuropsychiatric manifestations included organic brain syndrome, functional psychosis, and personality disorder. Laboratory tests showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure and protein, negative cultures, and abnormal electroencephalograms and computerized axial tomography scans. Fourteen of 16 children with CNS manifestations are alive. Thirteen had a mean IQ of 89 by the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Twelve are in educational programs. One required long-term psychiatric care. A residual neurologic abnormality, a seizure disorder, was present in 3. CNS involvement with SLE in children carries a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. 731 16


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