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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All patients with oligodendrogliomas (554) from the repository of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological diagnosis was confirmed in 323 patients and each case was graded according to a previously established grading system. The clinical features of these 323 verified cases of oligodendroglioma are presented, analyzed, and compared with findings in previous studies. There is a significant age skew according to tumor grade, with 68% of patients with grade A tumors under 40 years and 83% of patients with grade D tumors over 40 years of age. Headache was the most common symptom, followed by seizure, visual loss, papilledema, paralysis, and dementia. No symptoms showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor grade. However, tumor grading allowed significant prognostic statements to be made. Attention is drawn to several often neglected symptoms of oligodendrogliomas: ataxia, hemorrhage, stroke, and cerebrospinal fluid spread. This is, to our knowledge, the largest clinicopathological study of oligodendrogliomas to date.
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PMID:A clinicopathological study of 323 patients with oligodendrogliomas. 394 35

The clinical and pathological data of ten patients with gliomatosis cerebri are compared with 48 well documented cases from the literature. The most striking clinical findings were behavioural and mental changes, seizures, motor weakness and headaches. Though diagnostic techniques have gained in sophistication, the clinical diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri remains difficult. Laboratory and radiograph tests are mostly unconclusive. Expectations that computed tomography might lead to an accurate diagnosis were not fulfilled. Histological examination disclosed a diffuse proliferation of glial elements infiltrating normal nervous tissue with destruction of myelin sheaths, but only slight damage to neurons and axons. In two cases, areas typical of oligodendroglioma were also present. Glial fibrillary acidic protein staining showed in seven cases that most of the neoplastic cells were of astrocytic origin. In addition, GFAP negative neoplastic cells with the appearance of oligodendroglia and intermediate elements between astroglia and oligodendroglia and irregularly shaped naked nuclei of unidentified nature were found. On the basis of the two-stage theory of carcinogenesis, it is suggested that this disease might be the result of propagation of initiated glial elements which have not yet undergone the process of tumor conversion.
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PMID:Gliomatosis cerebri: clinical and histological findings. 405 56

Oligodendroglioma occurs primarily in the cerebral hemisphere in adult. A rare case of oligodendroglioma in the cerebellum is presented, and previous reported cases were reviewed. A thirty-one year old female was admitted to our service only with headache. CT scan demonstrated a low density mass in the vermis of the cerebellum which was not enhanced. Bilateral vertebral angiography showed an avascular mass in the vermis. The preoperative diagnosis was astrocytoma or ependymoma, and a suboccipital craniotomy was performed. The tumor which was soft, yellowish gray and well-circumscribed, was developed from the vermis and extended into the cisterna magna. The tumor which size was approximately 3 X 4 X 5 cm. Microscopically the specimen showed round, darkly stained nuclei and clear perinuclear cytoplasmic halos. Moreover, the immunoperoxidase method testified the absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the tumor cells. The pathological diagnosis was oligodendroglioma. Post-operatively the patient was doing well without any complications. There was no clinical nor CT evidence of tumor recurrence forty months after resection. The 11 reported cases of infratentorial oligodendroglioma including ours were analyzed and the following conclusion was obtained. Infratentorial oligodendroglioma occurs in the younger age group. The tumor has special tendency to form cyst. Frequency of calcification is low. Prognosis is good if the tumor is resected in early stage. Pre-operatively, however, it was difficult to differentiate oligodendroglioma from astrocytoma.
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PMID:[Infratentorial oligodendroglioma: report of a case]. 652 40

The morphological and clinical peculiarities, the findings of auxiliary examination methods, and the results of surgical and combined treatment of oligodendrogliomas of the cerebral hemispheres in 122 patients are discussed. The growth of oligodendrogliomas from the subependymal zone in two directions, into the cavity of the cerebral ventricles or extraventricular, is their morphological peculiarity. The authors show 12 variants of the localization of the tumor. The criteria for the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma are diffuse headache at the onset of the disease not of a hypertensive character; the prevalence of focal symptoms of irritation at the onset of the disease and of general cerebral symptoms over focal symptoms in the stage of decompensation; frequent epileptic seizures in the structure of which generalized attacks predominate in the early stages of the disease; rare occurrence of alduminosis in the cerebrospinal fluid; calcifications seen on the craniogram and relatively rare appearance of craniographic signs of hypertension. The most effective method of treatment in most cases is a radical operation with excision of the initial growth zone; combination of operation with chemotherapy applied during the operation and in the postoperative period is indicated in dedifferentiated oligodendrogliomas.
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PMID:[Various features of the morphology, clinical picture and treatment of oligodendrogliomas of the cerebral hemispheres]. 743 65

We review 160 cases of gliomatosis cerebri from the literature and report an additional three infants and young children who presented with intractable epilepsy, corticospinal tract deficits, and developmental delay in whom a pathologic diagnosis was made. The progressive nature of the encephalopathy in our cases was documented by serial clinical examination, electroencephalograms, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic scans. The natural history of gliomatosis cerebri was determined by a retrospective review of the literature of 160 cases in 85 reports. The most common neurologic symptoms and signs included corticospinal tract deficits (58%), dementia/mental retardation (44%), headache (39%), seizures (38%), cranioneuropathies (37%), increased intracranial pressure (34%), and spinocerebellar deficits (33%). The most commonly involved central nervous system structures were the centrum semiovale and cerebrum (76%), mesencephalon (52%), pons (52%), thalamus (43%), basal ganglia (34%), and the cerebellum (29%). Fifty-two percent of patients were dead within 12 months of onset. Different grades of glial neoplasm may also coexist within gliomatosis cerebri such as astrocytoma with anaplastic astrocytoma, atypical or anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of gliomatosis cerebri include blastomatous dysgenesis, diffuse infiltration, multicentric origin, in situ proliferation, and "field transformation." The biologic determinants of whether a transformed glial cell behaves as a relatively localized tumor mass or truly loses anchorage dependence to become migratory as well as proliferative are not understood.
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PMID:Gliomatosis cerebri presenting as intractable epilepsy during early childhood. 753 65

A 30-year-old female presented with a central neurocytoma manifesting as positional headache. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large calcified mass in the right lateral ventricle. The tumor was completely removed surgically. Light microscopy showed a linear arrangement of well-defined cells (beaded-string pattern) containing small round nuclei with abundant perikarya. A perinuclear halo reminiscent of oligodendroglioma was prominent in some cell groups. The tumor was entirely amitotic and free of atypia. Large, plump spheroid bodies lacking nuclei but containing coarse brown pigments were present among the tumor cells. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin but not glial fibrillary acidic protein or neurofilament. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells included abundant spheroid bodies containing secretory granules around neurons, indicating a dystrophic or aborted process of neuronal differentiation rather than a completely-differentiated central neurocytoma.
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PMID:Dystrophic axonal formation (spheroid body) in central neurocytoma--case report. 769 31

Intraventricular tumors present a major challenge for neurosurgeons because of their depth and the important structures around them. Between 1984 and 1991, we performed 60 computer-assisted volumetric stereotactic resection procedures in 58 patients with intraventricular tumors (30 patients with third ventricular tumors and 28 patients with lateral ventricular tumors). The pathological findings of the tumors were as follows: colloid cyst in 27, giant cell astrocytoma in 5, central neurocytoma in 4, pilocytic astrocytoma in 4, meningioma in 3, subependymoma in 3, metastatic tumor in 3, oligodendroglioma in 2, ependymoma in 2, and miscellaneous tumors in 5 patients. Most presenting symptoms were nonlocalized--headache or cognitive dysfunction. All third ventricular tumors were approached via a frontal trajectory, and lateral ventricular tumors were approached according to the site and shape of the lesion. Total resection was achieved in 55 procedures. Overall outcome was excellent in 45 cases, good (some deficit but independent) in 5, and poor (dependent) in 3 (memory impairment, 2 patients; visual field cut, 1 patient). Two patients (3.4%) died postoperatively (one had a postoperative thalamic hemorrhage and pulmonary embolus; one had a subdural hygroma). In follow-up, three patients died from the extension of a malignant tumor or from primary cancer. Permanent morbidity was seen in three cases (5%). The authors believe computer-assisted volumetric stereotaxis is useful in removing intraventricular tumors. This technique allows us to find a safe trajectory and to locate and separate the tumor margin from the surrounding vital structures.
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PMID:Resection of intraventricular tumors via a computer-assisted volumetric stereotactic approach. 832 92

Oligodendrogliomas usually arise in the cerebral hemispheres, less frequently they are found in the cerebellar hemispheres and very rarely they adopt an intraventricular location. The authors describe two cases of intraventricular oligodendroglioma. Case No. 1: 18-year old woman with a clinical history of headache, vertigo and dizziness of 6 months duration. Central Nervous System imaging revealed a right lateral ventricle tumor. Case No. 2: 38 year old man with a chief complaint of positional headache and visual impairment. C.N.S. imaging showed a third ventricular lesion. The medical literature was reviewed and theories on the genesis of this peculiar location are offered.
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PMID:[Intraventricular oligodendroglioma. Description of 2 cases]. 892 31

We report a case of an oligodendroglioma associated with a cavernous angioma. The patient, a 20-year-old man with an 8-year history of epileptic seizures, presented an acute onset of headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computerized tomographic scan and angiogram revealed multiple vascular malformations in both hemispheres including a cystic hemorraghic lesion with a perifocal edema attributing to a mass effect. Repeated puncture of the cyst failed to give improvement of elevated intracranial pressure. At surgery, the cyst and the underlying lesion were excised and found to be oligodendrocyte-rich tissue with malformed vascular tissue. Final histological examination revealed an oligodendroglioma associated with a cavernous angioma. As concurrence of oligodendroglioma and vascular malformation is rare, this case raises a broad range of differential diagnoses such as reactive oligodendroglial gliosis due to a vascular malformation, unusual vascularity of an oligodendroglioma as well as other kinds of cerebral tumors or malformations. The diagnostic difficulties as well as the pathogenetic and pathological significance of the concurrence of an oligodendroglioma and cavernous angioma are discussed.
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PMID:Association of oligodendroglioma-like cell proliferation and angiomatous vasculature--coincidence or pathogenetically related lesions? 956 27

Pediatric oligodendrogliomas are infrequently occurring brain tumors and frequently thought of as benign. The literature examining treatment and outcome in this select population is sparse. A retrospective analysis of pediatric oligodendrogliomas treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1973 and 1992 was performed. Oligodendrogliomas were histologically graded according to the method of Smith. Survival data were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves. Mean follow-up was 39.7 months. Nineteen children had histologically verified oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligodendroglioma/astrocytoma (M:F = 11:8; age range 1-18 years, mean = 13.1). Presenting symptoms included seizures (n = 10), headache (n = 3), visual field defects (n = 2), weakness (n = 2), cranial nerve palsy (n = 1) and decreased school performance (n = 1). All patients underwent craniotomy: 13 subtotal resections, 5 gross total resections and 1 biopsy. Twelve children had adjuvant therapy including radiation (n = 12), chemotherapy (n = 5) or both (n = 5). The 5-year survival was 65%. Seizure frequency was reduced in 30%. Children with oligodendrogliomas do not have a benign course, but younger children (<12 years) have a better prognosis. Histologic classification correlates with survival. Completeness of resection was not found to be a factor relating to survival. No conclusions can be drawn concerning adjuvant therapy because of selection bias.
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PMID:Pediatric oligodendrogliomas. 970 89


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