Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effects of intravenously administered 5-HT1B receptor agonists were examined on c-fos like immunoreactivity, an indicator of neuronal activation, within the brain stem. C-fos was induced by injecting an algesic, vasoconstrictor substance (0.3 ml of autologous blood) or a pro-inflammatory molecule, carrageenin (1 mg in 0.1 ml saline) into the cisterna magna of pentobarbitone-anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats and was visualized in serial sections (50 micrometers) by use of a polyclonal antiserum. 2. As previously reported, the injection of blood caused significant labelling within laminae I, IIo of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, a major nociceptive brain stem nucleus, as well as within nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema. A similar pattern of expression with fewer cells per section was detected after carrageenin instillation. The number of expressing cells was reduced by 54% in trigeminal nucleus caudalis but not within the nucleus of the solitary tract or area postrema when blood was injected in adult rats neonatal capsaicin treatment. 3. Pretreatment with 5-HT1 agonists with some selectivity for the 5-HT1B receptor, CP-93,129 (460 nmol kg-1 x 2, i.v.), sumatriptan (720 nmol kg-1 x 2, i.v.) or dihydroergotamine (86 nmol kg-1 x 2, i.v.) reduced positive cells by 39%, 31%, and 33% respectively in trigeminal nucleus caudalis but not in nucleus of the solitary tract or area postrema after blood instillation. Pretreatment with the analgesic morphine (15 mumol kg-1, s.c.) also decreased the number of positive cells by 63% in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. 4. CP-93,129 (460 nmol kg-1 x 2, i.v.) reduced the number of c-fos labelled cells by 47% within lamina I, IIo after carrageenin instillation. 5. Drug-induced blockade appeared to be tissue-dependent. Pretreatment with sumatriptan (720 nmol kg-1 x 2, i.v.) did not block c-fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis following formalin application to the nasal mucosa.6. Drug-induced blockade may be mediated by an action on primary afferent (trigeminovascular) fibres in as much as CP-93,129 (460 nmol kg-' x 2, i.v.) did not reduce the number of expressing cells within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis following blood instillation in rats treated as neonates with capsaicin.7. We infer from these results that the analgesic actions of agonists at 5-HTB receptors (the receptor subtype analogous to 5-HTID in man) need not depend upon the presence of vasodilatation and, that 5-HTID receptor-mediated blockade of neurotransmission contributes significantly to the analgesic effects of these drugs in headache.8. Based on the demonstrated effects of 5-HTB/D agonists against the actions of two chemicallyunrelated meningeal stimulants, we suggest that treatment with 5-HTID agonists may be useful for the alleviation of pain in other headache conditions associated with meningeal irritation. Bacterial, viral(including AIDS meningovascular inflammation) and other forms of chemical meningitis merit further investigation.
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PMID:CP-93,129, sumatriptan, dihydroergotamine block c-fos expression within rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis caused by chemical stimulation of the meninges. 132 82

A 9-year-old girl underwent total removal of a cerebellar astrocytoma complicated by hydrocephalus after postoperative meningitis, requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Five months later, headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance appeared and computed tomography detected enlarged fourth ventricle. A fourth ventriculoperitoneal shunt resulted in immediate relief of all symptoms. After 2 months, obstruction of the peritoneal tube required shunt reconstruction. This recurred three times in 8 months. At the last operation, tumor cells were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and the substance clogging the tube. This suggested that the tumor had recurred and clogging by tumor cells had caused the repeated episodes of isolated fourth ventricle. Radiation therapy prevented further shunt obstruction and achieved remission of all signs and symptoms.
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PMID:Cerebellar astrocytoma with repeated episodes of fourth ventricle isolation causing peritoneal shunt tube obstruction--case report. 138 Oct 63

Headache is a common complaint in patients presenting to the emergency department. Most such headaches are benign, but some have a more severe organic cause. Occasionally, patients present with a chronic headache disorder with which they can no longer cope. The new International Headache Society Classification of Headache is reviewed along with the differential diagnosis of benign headache disorders. Headache diagnosis by history is examined in detail followed by a discussion of the emergency presentation of headache patients. Causes for concern are presented, along with a detailed discussion of differential diagnosis, including subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, sinusitis, glaucoma, internal carotid artery dissection, and cerebro-vascular disease. Also discussed are medications used for the symptomatic treatment of headache, including analgesics, NSAIDs, narcotics, and ergotamine preparations. Approaches to the treatment of the severe, persistent headache in the emergency department are outlined and treatment options suggested. Headache medication overuse is discussed and guidelines are presented to recognize the condition and prevent its recurrence.
Headache 1992 Sep
PMID:Evaluation and emergency treatment of headache. 139 62

In the U.S., cryptococcal meningitis is the most common form of fungal meningitis and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immuno-suppressed patients. In the AIDS patient, cryptococcal meningitis often presents with fever and headache and is best treated with intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine, or fluconazole. However, toxic effects may result from the therapy. This disease frequently relapses necessitating life-long treatment to prevent reactivation. Essential management principles focusing upon health education are presented to promote comprehensive nursing care for patients testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus who also have cryptococcal meningitis.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 140 50

Intracranial complications from otitis media can be quite devastating to the patient if an early diagnosis is not made. Patients may develop meningitis, venous sinus thrombosis or cranial nerve palsies, as well as intracranial abscess. The presenting features in such cases may be subtle and include headache, nausea, vomiting, personality changes and signs of increased intracranial pressure as well as focal neurological deficits. A case of intracranial brain abscess is presented in a patient with a history of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Delay in the diagnosis of intracranial complications of otitis media can lead to improper treatment with increased morbidity and mortality. The etiology and treatment of complications affecting the CNS is discussed.
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PMID:Otitis media and CNS complications. 140 77

We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This patient, a 50-year-old male, had been eating uncooked slugs for 40 years. His chief complaints on admission were headache, fever and general fatigue. Neurological examination and CT findings were normal, but the CSF contained increased cells, most of which were eosinophilic cells. The presence of eosinophilic cells in the CSF is by itself abnormal. We therefore suspected eosinophilic meningitis and performed immunological tests. Since the gelatin particle method and immunological antigen antibody reaction were positive. We diagnosed the patient as having eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. There are only 27 reported cases of this disease in Japan, and most of them have been reported in Okinawa-Prefecture.
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PMID:[A case of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 143 77

A 44-year-old male suffered epistaxis and headache of sudden onset and was diagnosed as having suppurative meningitis due to streptococci. Four days after the onset of symptoms, he died despite treatment with antibiotics. Destruction and ballooning of the sella turcica was revealed by a plain head X-ray examination during the clinical course. At autopsy, a massive tumorous lesion extended from the ballooned sella turcica to the paranasal cavities, nasopharynx and facial bone, and this had resulted in suppurative meningitis. The tumor was also disseminated to the basal skull. The tumor cells possessed prominent nuclear atypia and were immunohistochemically positive for prolactin. This was diagnosed as a case of pituitary adenoma with markedly invasive pathological findings and a rapid and fatal clinical course.
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PMID:An autopsy case of invasive pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) with rapid fatal clinical course due to streptococcal meningitis. 147 31

A 54-year-old woman developed headache and slight fever. When she consulted a physician, she could not move either of her eyes to the right. Cranial CT scan revealed no significant findings. Lumbar puncture was performed and CSF examination showed the cell count of 10,304/mm3, glucose level of 10 mg/dl, and total protein value of 270 mg/dl. Her symptoms and laboratory findings suggested meningitis and she was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed bilateral dilated pupils with sluggish light reflex, right gaze palsy, and hypesthesia of the left side of her face. A diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was established by a positive test for acid-fast bacillus in CSF, and anti-tuberculous therapy was started at once. One month after the onset of symptoms, her main complaints were double vision and cerebellar ataxia. Both CT and MRI revealed a right brain-stem lesion. Pre-contrast CT could not clearly visualize the lesion but with contrast medium a homogeneously-enhanced circular lesion was shown. MRI on T2WI demonstrated the right brain-stem lesion to have a central bright core with hypointense periphery, which in turn was surrounded by hyperintensity. The lesion appeared isointense with cerebral white matter and the "central bright core" area was demonstrated to be slightly hypointense on T1WI. On post-contrast T1WI (with Gd-DTPA), the lesion showed strong homogeneous enhancement. The CT and MRI findings indicated a brain-stem tuberculoma, which was regarded as the cause of the ocular movement paralysis and cerebellar ataxia. As the clinical symptoms gradually resolved with anti-tuberculous treatment, the MRI appearance of the lesion also improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[MRI findings of brain-stem tuberculoma in a case of tuberculous meningitis]. 149 Mar 12

Infection with the tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi can lead to a variety of neurologic symptoms, the most frequent being a radicular pain syndrome due to meningitis. General symptoms such as asthenia or headache are also frequent, however, and serious neurologic complications such as dementia or spastic paresis may occur. At an early stage, Borrelia infections can be easily treated with antibiotics, which makes it important to recognize the symptoms and make the correct diagnosis. A common feature of borreliosis is facial palsy, and in the article is described the case of a 14 year-old boy with borreliosis and bilateral facial palsy. The frequency of facial palsy from borreliosis is probably high. The authors discuss the indications for performing lumber puncture in patients with apparent idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's palsy).
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PMID:[Peripheral facial paresis as a symptom of Borrelia burgdorferi infection]. 155 45

Exteroceptive suppression (ES) of temporalis muscle activity, particularly the multisynaptic ES2, has been reported to be significantly reduced in tension type headache, but not in migraine. We re-evaluated the methods of optimally analysing the single shock technique and its intra- and inter-individual variability in 26 normal subjects. These data were compared with the results in patients with migraine, post-lumbar puncture headache, headache due to meningitis, tension-type headaches in HIV infection and patients with symptomatic headache of various etiologies. ES2 was absent in about 50% of tension-type headache patients, but only in one normal subject. With the methods used here and when patients with absent ES2 were excluded, mean duration of ES2 was not significantly different between the various groups. It seems therefore necessary, in spite of increased discomfort for patients, to use complementary methods, such as averaging 16-32 responses and applying various stimulation sets, if one wants to increase the potency of temporalis ES2 as a diagnostic and pathophysiologic tool in headache.
Headache 1992 Jan
PMID:Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity in various types of headache. 155 31


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