Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor with a pronounced thrombopoietic activity as well as a broad spectrum of activities on multipotent, committed and mature cells of different lineages. Available for clinical trials since 1989, IL-3 has been used in well over two thousand patients. In numerous phase I-II clinical trials, the tolerability profile and the various biologic activities have been defined, and ongoing phase III trials will finally establish its clinical relevance. Doses between 2.5 and 10 micrograms/kg/d given subcutaneously are well tolerated, cause low grade fever, occasional flu-like symptoms and headache. At these doses IL-3 enhances platelet and neutrophil recovery after cycles of myelotoxic chemotherapy, resulting in better adherence to the planned chemotherapy doses and schedules and a decrease in the need for platelet transfusions. Accelerated engraftment of platelets and neutrophils is seen with IL-3 also after bone marrow transplantation. The effect on neutrophil recovery can be enhanced by the use of a myeloid growth factor such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or granulocyte (G)-CSF after five to 10 days of IL-3. Treatment enhancement is related to the effect of IL-3 on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors, which leads to an increase in target cells for GM- or G-CSF. Because of the increase in bone marrow proliferation, IL-3 is being used to increase the mobilization of progenitor cells to the blood and in bone marrow failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Present and future clinical relevance of interleukin 3. 769 63

We reviewed 49 patients consecutively hospitalized for neurologic Lyme disease to determine the frequency and characteristics of recent onset headaches in this group. All patients had positive serum Lyme ELISAs and other neurologic illness excluded. Recent-onset headache occurred in 26 of 49 patients (53%). Patients with headaches more commonly had central nervous system involvement (54% vs 19%, P < .05) and flu-like illness (58% vs 19%, P < .0005). Eight of 26 (31%) met criteria for meningitis or encephalitis with abnormal CSF examinations. All 8 had focal findings (6), cognitive dysfunction (1), or both (1). The remaining 18 patients had recent-onset headaches resembling migraine (9), tension-type headache (5), or neither (4). Antibiotic treatment resulted in complete headache resolution in 11 of 14 patients with available follow-up data. Based on these findings, we conclude that recent-onset headaches are common in patients hospitalized with Lyme disease. Of those with meningitis or encephalitis requiring intravenous antibiotics, all had focal neurologic findings or cognitive abnormalities, not just headaches.
Headache 1995 Mar
PMID:Headache characteristics in hospitalized patients with Lyme disease. 772 71

A 37-year-old woman with complaints of headache and nausea presented with temporary disturbance of consciousness, bulbar palsy and ataxic speech following flu-like symptoms. After the recovery of her consciousness, she developed orthostatic syncope and numbness all over the body. When she was admitted to our hospital two months later, she showed emaciation, diminished sweat production and butterfly-patch-like pigmentation. Neurologic examinations were remarkable for anisocoric pupils that sluggishly reacted to light, impaired left facial movements, bulbar palsy, numbness of the whole body, total loss of all tendon reflexes, incordination, ataxic gait and severe postural hypotension. Laboratory data included albuminocytogenic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid, convergence nystagmus and dysmetria in electronystagmography, and right trigeminal paralysis in blink reflex. A sural nerve biopsy showed active axonal degeneration and severe loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Examinations of autonomic nervous system disclosed diffuse impairment of sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic nerve. Based on these findings she was diagnosed as having acute pandysautonomia. High titer of serum EB virus antibody suggested that acute pandysautonomia and diffuse brainstem impairment may be related to EB virus infection.
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PMID:[A case of acute pandysautonomia and diffuse brain stem impairment associated with EB virus infection]. 772 95

We tested and proved the safety of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor given intravesically weekly for 11 weeks (dwell time 2 hours) for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer in 8 men and 1 woman 46 to 87 years old (mean age 69 years). Cohorts of 3 patients received 200, 400 and 1,000 micrograms. recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. The maximal tolerated dose was not achieved. There were 9 episodes of urological symptoms, 8 of flu-like symptoms, 4 of headache and 3 of chest tightness. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were minor, and no renal toxicity was encountered. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor was safe to administer at doses up to 1,000 micrograms. We hope that recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in conjunction with other antitumor agents will lead to a new, effective treatment for superficial bladder cancer.
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PMID:Intravesical recombinant tumor necrosis factor in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. 777 58

There was an outbreak of "a mysterious disease" at a Zambian school dormitory in September, 1993. Investigation with questionnaire and collection of throat swab specimens for virus isolation were carried out on 46 patients to identify the causative agent. In this outbreak, most of the patients showed similar symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, cough, etc. The disease had spread to all dormitories within a couple of days after the onset of the first cases. From these patients, 13 influenza viruses A/H3N2 were isolated on MDCK cell line. This was a first ever confirmed outbreak of influenza virus infection in Zambia.
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PMID:An outbreak of influenza A/H3N2 in a Zambian school dormitory. 779 73

Two cases of injuries caused by "coin rubbing" (Kuasha) are presented. In one case these injuries were confined to the neck, raising the possibility of strangulation, and in the other to the trunk and limbs, suggesting torture. Coin rubbing is practiced by most South-East Asian cultures, which believe that it relieves the symptoms of headache, fever, and flu. The causation and characteristics of these injuries and their medicolegal importance are discussed.
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PMID:Coin-rubbing injuries. 782 59

Normal volunteers received subcutaneous injections of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) on 4 consecutive days to characterize toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and hematopoietic effects. Dosages were 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 micrograms/kg/day (n = 6 subjects per group). Adverse effects consisted predominantly of flu-like symptoms such as fever and headache. Mean area under the serum concentration-time curve and maximum serum concentration were linearly related to dose. Serum clearance was not apparently related to dose. Clearance increased slightly but significantly between days 1 and 4. Rapid but modest elevations in neutrophil and eosinophil counts were observed during treatment. Mean platelet counts rose modestly, peaking on day 10. Increases of CD34+ cell counts were correlated with increases of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (peak, day 7).
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PMID:Pharmacodynamics of daily subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-3 in normal volunteers. 782 79

An outbreak of Influenza A, subtype H3N2 occurred in Delhi during July-August, 1993. Both urban and rural areas were affected. Attack rates in children and adults were found to be similar; the mean age of patients from whom the virus was isolated was found to be 21 years. The disease was of acute onset, mild in nature and about one week in duration. Main symptoms included fever, chills, cough, sore throat, bodyaches, backache and headache. Complications were absent. About 82 per cent of the affected house-holds had only a single case. Influenza A subtype H3N2 virus was isolated from 12 of 15 throat swabs collected from PUO cases.
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PMID:An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in Delhi, 1993. 796 77

Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with ICE chemotherapy (ifosfamide 2000 mg/m2, days 1-3; carboplatin 300 mg/m2, day 1; etoposide 75 mg/m2, days 1-3) intravenously (i.v.) during the first 3 d of a maximum of four 28 d treatment cycles. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) was administered in cycles 2 and 4 as a daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection on days 5-18. Cohorts of three patients were treated at dosage levels of 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 micrograms/kg/d. At 15.0 micrograms/kg/d a 'flu-like' syndrome of myalgias, arthralgias and fatigue was considered dose-limiting. Other toxicities were headache, fever, urticaria, arrhythmia, chills and flushing. Subsequently, nine patients were added to the group receiving 10 micrograms/kg/d. 27 patients received IL-3 after their second course of ICE. At 10 and 15 micrograms/kg/d, IL-3 in cycle 2 was associated with enhanced haematological recovery. Depth of neutrophil nadir and days of neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 x 10(9)/l) were reduced in 9/13 patients and in 8/11 patients, respectively. No effect was seen on platelet nadir or days of thrombocytopenia. IL-3 was well tolerated up to 10 micrograms/kg/d when given as a daily s.c. injection. Results suggest IL-3 as a potential adjunct to chemotherapy, and further studies to explore administration of IL-3 in combination with other cytokines in this setting are warranted.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human interleukin-3 on haematological recovery from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. 798 6

A Phase I trial was conducted to investigate the clinical toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and chemiluminescence (CL) responses of alveolar macrophages (AMs), peripheral blood neutrophils, and monocytes after subcutaneous injection of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Six patients with lung cancer received rIFN-gamma subcutaneously as single doses of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 mg. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed three times: 21 h before as well as 6-7 and 27 h after injection. Serum samples were taken five times during the 27-h follow-up. IFN concentrations were measured from alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and serum by using an antiviral bioassay. IFN-gamma was not detectable in ELF after subcutaneous injection. AMs did not effect an increase in CL responses to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or to phosphate-buffered saline. Circulating IFN-gamma was detectable at 3-12 h after an injection of 1.8 mg of rIFN-gamma, the highest dose given. CL responses of peripheral blood monocytes increased in all patients after injection, whereas the responses of neutrophils were less clear-cut. All patients developed systemic side effects such as transient fever, nausea, headaches, and flu-like symptoms. The findings suggest that rIFN-gamma passes poorly from the blood to the pulmonary alveoli. On the basis of this and our previous findings of increased CL responses in AMs and measurable IFN concentrations in ELF after inhalation of rIFN-gamma, we recommend inhalation rather than the parenteral route of IFN-gamma for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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PMID:Subcutaneously administered recombinant interferon-gamma in humans: pharmacokinetics and effects on chemiluminescence responses of alveolar macrophages, blood neutrophils, and monocytes. 806 1


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