Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About half of the aneurysm patients admitted to neurosurgical departments experience warning symptoms in the form of minor bleeding episodes days or even several months before a major haemorrhage occurs. Headache is the most common symptom of this warning leak, occurring in 9 out of 10 patients. The onset of headache is sudden and is unusual in severity and location, being unlike any headache the patient has otherwise experienced. It is frequently accompanied by transient nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances or meningism. Medical advice may be sought by the patient but all too often the diagnostic importance of a warning headache is missed. It is misinterpreted as attacks of migraine, tension headache, the 'flu, sinusitis, or a "sprained neck". A more vigilant attention to the presence of a warning headache probably offers the greatest opportunity for altering the otherwise serious natural history of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. If a warning headache is suspected, lumbar puncture is the examination of choice, once CT scanning has ruled out an intracranial mass lesion.
Cephalalgia 1991 Feb
PMID:Headache as a warning symptom of impending aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. 203 71

In a multicenter study in general practice, the tolerability and safety of ramipril alone and in combination with a low dose of furosemide were assessed in moderate hypertension. After a placebo run-in period involving 770 patients, 661 were included in the active treatment period and received ramipril alone (2.5-5 mg/day). After 6 weeks, the nonresponders entered in a double-blind period and they received daily ramipril 10 mg or ramipril 5 mg in combination with furosemide 20 mg. In this hypertensive population, the adverse events more commonly reported were headache, cough, dizziness, asthenia, cramps diarrhea and nausea, but not all these events were related to ramipril. There was seemingly a relation between cough prevalence and rampiril dosage; an increased incidence was also observed during the outbreaks of flu-syndrome in our country. 38 patients discontinued the active treatment due to non-serious adverse events, mainly cough, dizziness or diarrhea. No serious adverse drug reaction was observed. Laboratory data (blood cells count, electrolytes, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, apolipoproteins AI and B) remained most commonly unaffected. In moderate hypertension in general practice, this study confirms that ramipril is well tolerated, especially with regard to the class effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
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PMID:[Tolerance to Triatec in monotherapy and in combination with Lasilix in a French multicenter study]. 214 97

Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can reverse anemia and improve the quality of life in anemic hemodialysis patients. However, therapy is costly and must be used efficiently. An initial rHuEPO dose less than 50 U/kg intravenously three times weekly may be adequate to achieve a hematocrit of 30-33% in many patients. Acquired iron deficiency is a common problem during rHuEPO therapy and must be prevented with oral and parenteral iron replacement to maintain the efficacy of rHuEPO. Patients should be monitored carefully for additional problems including: an increase in blood pressure; onset of seizures or headaches; increased blood potassium, phosphate, and creatinine concentrations; enhanced coagulability resulting in dialyzer and vascular access clotting; and myalgias with a 'flu-like' syndrome.
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PMID:Practical approach to initiation of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy and prevention and management of adverse effects. 226 Jun 19

This study investigated the effects of terminating low dose levels of caffeine (100 mg/day) in 7 normal humans. Substitution of placebo capsules for caffeine capsules occurred under double-blind conditions while subjects rated various dimensions of their mood and behavior. In the first phase of the study, substitution of placebo for 12 consecutive days resulted in an orderly withdrawal syndrome in 4 subjects which peaked on days 1 or 2 and progressively decreased toward prewithdrawal levels over about 1 week. Data from the remaining three subjects provided no evidence of withdrawal. In the second phase of the study, the generality of the withdrawal effect was examined by repeatedly substituting placebo for 100 mg/day of caffeine for 1-day periods separated by an average of 9 days. Despite differences within and across subjects with respect to the presence, nature and magnitude of symptoms, each of the seven subjects demonstrated a statistically significant withdrawal effect. Although the phenomenon of caffeine withdrawal has been described previously, the present report documents that the incidence of caffeine withdrawal is higher (100% of subjects), the daily dose level at which withdrawal occurs is lower (roughly equivalent to the amount of caffeine in a single cup of strong brewed coffee or 3 cans of caffeinated soft drink) and the range of symptoms experienced is broader (including headache, fatigue and other dysphoric mood changes, muscle pain/stiffness, flu-like feelings, nausea/vomiting and craving for caffeine) than heretofore recognized.
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PMID:Low-dose caffeine physical dependence in humans. 226 96

Hantaviruses, the causative agents of HFRS, have become more widely recognized. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that these pathogens are distributed worldwide. People who come into close contact with infected rodents in urban, rural and laboratory environments are at particular risk. Transmission to man occurs mainly via the respiratory tract. The epidemiology of the hantaviruses is intimately linked to the ecology of their principal vertebrate hosts. Four distinct viruses are now recognized within the hantavirus genus and that number is likely to increase to six very soon; however, further investigations are necessary. Much more work is still needed before we fully understand the wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of HFRS as well as the pathogenicity of the different viruses in the hantavirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family. HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and serological evidence is often needed. A fourfold rise in IgG antibody titer in a 1-week interval, and the presence of the IgM type of antibodies against hantaviruses are good evidence for an acute hantavirus infection. Physicians should be alert for HFRS each time they deal with patients with acute febrile flu-like illness, renal failure of unknown origin and sometimes hepatic dysfunction. Especially the mild form of HFRS is difficult to diagnose. Acute onset, headache, fever, increased serum creatinine, proteinuria and polyuria are signs and symptoms compatible with a mild form of HFRS. Differential diagnosis should be considered for the following diseases in the endemic areas of HFRS: acute renal failure, hemorrhagic scarlet fever, acute abdomen, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, murine typhus, spotted fevers, non-A, non-B hepatitis, Colorado tick fever, septicemia, dengue, heartstroke and DIC. Treatment of HFRS is mainly supportive. Recently, however, treatment of HFRS patients with ribavirin in China and Korea, within 7 days after onset of fever, resulted in a reduced mortality as well as shortened course of illness.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. 257 14

An outbreak of febrile illness at the Police Training Academy in St. Catherine, Jamaica in October, 1986 is described. Influenza A similar to type A/Taiwan/86 (H1N1) was confirmed serologically in 33 cases, and Influenza B similar to type B/Ann Arbor/86 in 1 case. Clinical findings included upper respiratory symptoms (97%) headache (74%), fever (68%), joint pains (39%) and retro-orbital pain (26%). The role of vaccination and chemoprophylaxis in the prevention of influenza is discussed, and the importance of surveillance is stressed.
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PMID:An outbreak of influenza in Jamaica (1986). 261 29

1. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a homoeopathic preparation in the treatment of influenza-like syndromes. 2. 237 cases received the test drug and 241 were assigned to placebo. Patients recorded their rectal temperature twice a day, and the presence or absence of five cardinal symptoms (headache, stiffness, lumbar and articular pain, shivers) along with cough, coryza and fatigue. 3. Recovery was defined as a rectal temperature less than 37.5 degrees C and complete resolution of the five cardinal symptoms. 4. The proportion of cases who recovered within 48 h of treatment was greater among the active drug group than among the placebo group (17.1% against 10.3%, P = 0.03). 5. The result cannot be explained given our present state of knowledge, but it calls for further rigorously designed clinical studies.
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PMID:A controlled evaluation of a homoeopathic preparation in the treatment of influenza-like syndromes. 265 83

A principal side effect of biological response modifiers (BRMs) is a constellation of constitutional symptoms often referred to as a "flu-like syndrome" (FLS). Precisely what this syndrome encompasses is frequently unclear, but its major components appear to be fever, chills, rigors, myalgias, and headache. Other components variously included are anorexia, nausea, upper respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion and cough, and the ill-defined symptom, malaise. The manner in which the "flu-like" syndrome manifests itself during treatment with interferon (IFN), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and colony stimulating factors (CSFs) will be described with attention to frequency, duration and severity. The common mechanisms underlying the appearance of a flu-like syndrome during biotherapy will be elucidated with emphasis on the role of endogenous pyrogens and prostaglandins and on the physiology of the process. Methods to prevent or alleviate these uncomfortable side effects, including medical interventions such as alterations in schedule/route/dose of BRM administration and premedication with a variety of agents, as well as nursing measures such as patient education will be discussed.
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PMID:Recent advances in the management of biotherapy-related side effects: flu-like syndrome. 268 12

The safety and efficacy of intralesionally administered interferon alfa-2b were assessed in 11 patients suffering from condylomata acuminata for four to 10 months for whom application of podophyllum resin had proved unsuccessful. Three warts from each patient were injected with 10(6) IU interferon alfa-2b three times a week for three weeks. Treatment was followed by a 13 week observation period. Interferon alfa-2b treatment resulted in a highly significant (p less than 0.0001) reduction in the mean size of the treated warts, which decreased from an initial size of 29 mm2 to 2-3 mm2 by week 16. In six out of the 10 patients completing the trial, both the test condylomata and adjacent control warts cleared completely; a recurrence was observed in one of these six patients. Influenza like symptoms (headache and myalgia) were the most common side effects reported, though they were mild in nature and not disabling. These results corroborate those of previous trials with interferon preparations and indicate that its antiviral activity makes it a possible treatment for this sexually transmitted disorder.
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PMID:Intralesional interferon alfa-2b treatment of condylomata acuminata previously resistant to podophyllum resin application. 292 Oct 53

A retrospective clinical and pathological analysis has been performed of 24 cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) seen at the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, between 1972 and 1985. All patients had been diagnosed on the basis of isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from, and/or the demonstration of characteristic histological changes of acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE) in brain biopsy and/or autopsy tissue. Clinical presentation on admission included a prodromal influenza-like illness (46%), sudden onset of headache and confusion (54%), meningism (38%), deep coma (42%), aphasia (54%) and focal neurological signs (79%). Seizures occurred in 46% of cases during the course of the illness. Of the 24 cases, 14 (58%) died and 10 (42%) survived. Intravenous acyclovir treatment was associated with the best prognosis. Cerebral biopsy of one temporal lobe was performed in 22 cases and in 19 of these a positive histological diagnosis of HSE could be made. HSV was isolated from 15 of the 19 (79%) biopsied cases in whom virus isolation was attempted. Only seven out of the 15 cases (47%) in which immunofluorescence assays for HSV antigens were performed were unequivocally positive. Herpes simplex virus was isolated in culture from all cases which were negative by immunofluorescence. Immunocytochemical analysis on tissue sections of five representative brain biopsies demonstrated the presence of HSV antigens in some astrocytes, neurons and macrophages especially within areas of inflammatory infiltration. In situ hybridization experiments with a cloned HSV DNA probe demonstrated viral RNA in astrocytes, neurons and macrophages in two human biopsies and mouse brains in areas broadly corresponding to the distribution of viral antigen labelling. The combined immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedure showed that many but not all of the cells containing viral RNA also contained HSV antigens, indicating a productive infection in these double-labelled cells.
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PMID:A clinico-pathological study of herpes simplex encephalitis. 320 Mar 68


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