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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a rare disease. A 48-year-old man who had a Starr-Edwards aortic valve prosthesis inserted in 1972 was admitted for evaluation of confusion, headaches, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea and weakness. Six blood cultures yielded gram-negative organisms which were subsequently identified as A. actinomycetemcomitans. Treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin resulted in cure which has been maintained after an observation period of eleven months. This represents the second report of A. actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic valve.
Infection 1977
PMID:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic aortic valve. 88 Dec 58

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new influenza subunit vaccine essentially containing only haemagglutinin and neuraminidase was studied in man. The vaccine was compared to commercially available vaccines, an adjuvant containing tween-ether split vaccine (800 IU per dose), and a fluid whole-virus vaccine (2100 IU per dose). Two dosages (700 and 2100 IU) of the fluid subunit vaccine were compared. All vaccines contained the virus strains recommended by the WHO for the 1975/76 season. In a double-blind study 399 volunteers were randomly selected to receive one of the four vaccines. The volunteers were examined for side-effects 24 and 48 hr after vaccination. Antibodies inhibiting haemagglutination were determined prior to and four weeks after vaccination. The sudunit vaccine at 700 IU per dose caused significantly fewer local side effects than the comparable split vaccine, and resulted in significantly higher antibody titers against both influenza A strains. A comparison of the subunit and whole virus vaccines containing high dosages (2100 IU) showed striking differences in reactogenicity. Subunit vaccine was very well tolerated. whereas whole virus vaccine caused systemic reactions, including fever and headache, in 15% of the volunteers. No significant reactogenicity was seen with a high dosage of subunit vaccine (2100 IU) although this is a three-fold increase on the currently used European dosage. Antibody titers were significantly enhanced however.
Infection 1976
PMID:[A new influenza subunit vaccine: reactogenicity and antigenicity in comparison to split and whole virus vaccines (author's transl)]. 94 49

Three case reports of infected subdural hematoma are presented, two with Salmonellae and one with Escherichia. Infection of such hematomas most often occurs during bacteremia, and the area of infection is limited by the existing hematoma membrane. Clincally, fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and focal neurological signs, especially in a patient with previous head trauma, suggest subdural infection. Treatment consists of drainage and systemic antibiotics. These case reports demonstrate the clinical features of this rarely reported entity, and especially illustrate the need for careful bacteriologic identification in suspected cases.
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PMID:Infected subfural hematoma: three case reports involving gram-negative organisms. 109 3

An outbreak of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) associated with pet hamsters adquired through nationwide distributor was recognized in New York in February 1974. In upstate a New York, 57 cases occurred in a four-month period. Complete information was obtained on 49 patients ranging in age from 3 to 70 years. Characteristic findings included fever (90%), headache (85%), and severe myalgia (80%). Typically, laboratory findings consisted of a normal blood cell count and cerebrospinal fluid with mononuclear leukocyte pleocytosis and moderate hypoglycorrhacia. Al patients had contact with hamsters from one distributor. Most of the hamsters were acquired in mid to late December 1973, but some as late as March 1974. From each of eight families in which hamsters were available, at least one hamster had detectable complement-fixing antibodies for LCM. Infection rates within families varied with location and type of hamster cage; open cages and cages situated in common living areas were associated with highest infection rates (45% and 52%, respectively). Severity of illness was not associated with direct contact with hamsters. Onset of illness occurred between 8 and 90 days after initial exposure to hamsters.
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PMID:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis outbreak associated with pet hamsters. Fifty-seven cases from New York State;. 117 41

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
Infection
PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 142 89

Infection with the tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi can lead to a variety of neurologic symptoms, the most frequent being a radicular pain syndrome due to meningitis. General symptoms such as asthenia or headache are also frequent, however, and serious neurologic complications such as dementia or spastic paresis may occur. At an early stage, Borrelia infections can be easily treated with antibiotics, which makes it important to recognize the symptoms and make the correct diagnosis. A common feature of borreliosis is facial palsy, and in the article is described the case of a 14 year-old boy with borreliosis and bilateral facial palsy. The frequency of facial palsy from borreliosis is probably high. The authors discuss the indications for performing lumber puncture in patients with apparent idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's palsy).
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PMID:[Peripheral facial paresis as a symptom of Borrelia burgdorferi infection]. 155 45

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
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PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

An outbreak of severe haemorrhagic illness began in the municipality of Guanarito, Portuguesa State, Venezuela, in September, 1989. Subsequent detailed study of 15 cases confirmed the presence of a new viral disease, designated Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. Characteristic features are fever, toxicity, headache, arthralgia, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and haemorrhagic manifestations. Other features include facial oedema, cervical lymphadenopathy, nausea/vomiting, cough, chest or abdominal pain, and convulsions. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 54 years; all were residents of rural areas in central Venezuela, and 9 died. Infection with Guanarito virus, a newly recognised arenavirus, was shown by direct culture or by serological confirmation in all cases. Epidemiological studies suggest that the disease is endemic in some rural areas of central Venezuela and that it is rodent-borne. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia.
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PMID:Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. 168 54

A prospective study of the neurological manifestations in all patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) was conducted between February 1985 to January 1989. Excluding herpes zoster infection of peripheral or cranial nerves, post-herpetic neuralgia and migraine, 36 neurological episodes occurred in 33 patients. The presenting symptoms were mental confusion (10), psychosis (five), seizures (six), focal neurological deficit (three), coma (two), headache (five), blurring of vision (three), neuropathy (one) and myelopathy (one). Of these manifestations, only eight episodes were due to primary involvement by SLE: psychosis (two), seizure (two), multiple cerebral infarcts (one), papillitis (one), neuropathy (one) and myelopathy (one). Infection was the most common secondary cause of neurological episodes: all 10 episodes of mental confusion (fungal seven, pyogenic two, tuberculous one, nocardial one); two of six seizures (tuberculous one, pyogenic one); all five headaches (tuberculous meningitis three, cryptococcal meningitis two). The other secondary causes included steroid psychosis (two), hypertensive encephalopathy with seizure (one) and hypertensive retinopathy (one). Three of five cases of focal neurological deficit were due to macrovascular disease rather than to vasculitic infarction. We concluded that cerebral psychosis was a relatively rare presentation in our patients with SLE. In patients who presented with a neurological problem, especially mental confusion, efforts should be made to ascertain the underlying cause, especially if this may be an infection.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. 180 Oct 58

The results of an open randomised trial comparing the efficacy of parenteral and oral ofloxacin with that of amoxycillin clavulanate are reported. Of 121 patients enrolled, 92 were clinically evaluable, of whom 59 were treated with ofloxacin and 33 with amoxycillin clavulanate. In the ofloxacin group all patients improved clinically, while in the amoxycillin clavulanate group 94% improved and 6% were clinical failures. In the ofloxacin group 95% showed satisfactory bacteriological response, while in the amoxicillin clavulanate group the bacteriological response was judged satisfactory in 82% of the patients. Seven percent of the patients had mild side effects (headache, nausea, vomiting and skin rashes). All of these side effects disappeared after treatment. We conclude that ofloxacin is a safe and effective drug in oral and parenteral forms for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
Infection 1991
PMID:Sequential therapy with i.v. and oral ofloxacin in lower respiratory tract infections: a comparative study. 180 87


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