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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increasing materialism in society is resulting in more wide spread nervous tension in all age groups. While some degree of nervous tension is necessary in everyday living, its adverse effects require that we must learn to bring it under control. Total tension is shown to have two components: a controllable element arising from factors in the environment and the inbuilt uncontrollable residue which is basic in the individual temperament. The effects of excessive or uncontrolled stress can be classified as 1) emotional reactions such as neurotic behaviour (anxiety hypochondria, hysteria, phobia, depression obsessions and compulsions) or psychotic behaviour and 2) psychosomatic reactions (nervous asthma, headache, insomnia, heart attack). Nervous energy can be wastefully expended by such factors as loss of temper, wrong attitudes to work, job frustration and marital strains. Relaxation is the only positive way to control undesirable nervous tension and its techniques require to be learned. A number of techniques (progressive relaxation, differential relaxation, hypnosis, the use of biofeedback, Yoga and Transcendental Meditation) are described and their application to dental practice is discussed.
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PMID:Tension and relaxation in the individual. 37 62

Discriminant function analyses were applied to data obtained from anxious psychiatric outpatients treated with either chlordiazepoxide (n = 353) or placebo (n = 259) and depressed outpatients treated with either amitriptyline (n = 310) or placebo (n = 328), who had participated in controlled drug trials of 4 weeks' duration, in an attempt to identify factors associated with complaints of drowsiness made by these patients. Although the magnitude of the relationships between individual predictors and drowsiness was small, several factors emerged which had consistent impact across treatment groups. Predictors of complaints of drowsiness attributed to active drugs arose primarily from demographic attributes probably reflective of life style, and from illness and treatment history. In contrast, predictors of drowsiness attributed to placebo were almost exclusively confined to indices of the severity of several aspects of presenting symptomatology. In particular, more frequent complaints of drug-induced drowsiness were found among better educated individuals with an illness of long duration. Complaints of placebo-induced drowsiness were more common among patients with more severe emotional (phobic-obsessive) symptomatology and more frequent headaches and among those individuals in whom hypochondriasis was less severe.
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PMID:Nonspecific factors and side effect complaints. Factors affecting the incidence of drowsiness in drug and placebo treated anxious and depressed outpatients. 39 26

This study investigated the relationship between minor life events (i.e. daily hassles) and personality patterns from selected scales of MMPI in the persistence of primary headache in 83 patients. Comparisons between headache subgroups indicated that tension-type headache patients are much more likely than those with migraine to have experienced high level of microstress (hassles density), with mixed headache in between. Tension-type headache patients reported higher MMPI scores on scales 1, Hypochondriasis (somatic concern), scale 3, Hysteria (denial) and scale 7, Psychasthenia (anxiety), but not on scale 2 (Depression), than migrainous patients. In addition, individuals with high level of microstress appeared to be more depressed and anxious than low-stress headache patients, scoring significantly higher on MMPI scales 2 (Depression) and 7 (Psychasthenia). As no significant differences due to sex, age, headache history and status, except for the headache density (i.e. severity x frequency) appeared, it is likely that high-stress levels are due, at least in part, to greater density of pain, rather than to discrete headache syndromes. Our findings support the notion that depressed mood and anxiety may account for a third intervening variable in the relationship between chronic headache and life stress.
Headache 1992 Jul
PMID:Minor stressful life events (daily hassles) in chronic primary headache: relationship with MMPI personality patterns. 152 63

The role of psychological factors in the course of primary headache syndromes is still controversial. Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) we investigated the personality profiles of 434 headache patients (160 migraineurs, 95 with tension type headache, 30 with cluster headache and 149 with combination headache) in accordance with the IHS criteria. In the first three MMPI scales (hypochondria, depression, hysteria) there was a slight increase in T mean values to over 60, but still in the range of two standard deviations of the normal population. There were no statistically significant differences between the four headache groups and between patients with and without analgesic abuse. It was impossible to distinguish headache groups on the basis of their personality profiles by means of reclassification with discriminant analysis. In a cluster analysis, patients with cluster headache showed the highest number (20%) of abnormalities, but also the highest percentage (13%) of completely normal results. Our findings--a cross section analysis of personality profiles--contradict many other MMPI-based studies.
Cephalalgia 1991 Dec
PMID:MMPI personality profiles in patients with primary headache syndromes. 179 May 71

Diagnostic lumbar punctures were performed in 60 patients suffering from different organic diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Out of 60 persons, 30 developed postpuncture headache. Comparison of the personality traits in patients with and without postpuncture headache, made according to the MMPI technique, has shown significant differences in scales 1, 3 and 7 of the MMPI profile (scales of hypochondria, hysteria and psychasthenia). A conclusion is drawn that the patients' personality traits are of undoubtful importance in the pathogenesis of postpuncture headache. This circumstance should be taken into consideration in carrying out proper psychological and medicamentous preparation of the patients before lumbar punctures.
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PMID:[Post-puncture headache and patients' personality characteristics]. 196 83

Psychological factors, such as psychological stressors, personality style, conditioning, and psychodynamic issues, play a role in the etiology of chronic migraine and muscle contraction headaches. Psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, personality disorders, conversion, and hypochondriasis, may accompany and complicate headache. Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment add a useful and important dimension to the medical care of the patient. This article presented a useful conceptual model for discriminating between different kinds of psychological influencing factors and guidelines for selecting the appropriate form of psychiatric treatment.
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PMID:Psychiatric aspects of headache. 202 Feb 24

The relation between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and tinnitus was examined in 100 subjects with tinnitus disorders. The overall profile of tinnitus sufferers on the MMPI was normal. Higher scores on the depression scale were obtained in males. High hypochondria scores were related to long duration of tinnitus. High psychoasthenia scores were associated with hearing loss. Despite an analogy previously described between chronic pain and tinnitus, the psychometric parameters of tinnitus and of headaches are quite different.
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PMID:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in tinnitus disorders. 235 Mar 2

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that duration of illness is correlated with neurotic personality traits. Four hundred and eighteen patients with migraine, tension, and mixed headaches were studied. The MMPI was used to evaluate the patients' personality characteristics. Scales employed were: scale 1--hypochondriasis, scale 2--depression, scale 3--hysteria, and scale 7--psychasthenia. The MMPI scale scores were analysed with regard to sex, diagnosis, and duration of illness. Patients with mixed headaches showed significantly more elevated scores on the MMPI scales than those suffering from migraine and tension headaches. No correlation was found between any of the MMPI scale scores and the duration of illness. No interaction was found between duration of illness and the diagnostic categories of headache in determining the MMPI neurotic scale scores. It is hypothesized that the higher MMPI scores found in patients with mixed headache is characteristic of these patients.
Cephalalgia 1989 Sep
PMID:Neurotic traits and disease duration in headache patients. 279 Sep 47

One hundred patients, aged between 60 and 92 years, were treated with tiapride for neurological disorders (abnormal movements, buccofacial dyskinesias, dopa therapy complications, ballism, eyelid tics, senile tremor, post-traumatic headache, delirium tremens), psychiatric disorders with more or less marked agitation and of various types (hysteria, depression, mood disturbances, hypochondria, delusions, hallucinations), or for mental deficiency, senile dementia, or arteriopathic dementia. Results were excellent, being satisfactory in 70 p. cent, and even more marked in some groups. Tolerance was very good, with some rare cases of somnolence. The efficacy and safety of tiapride makes it of particular value for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in geriatric patients.
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PMID:[Tiapride in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in the elderly (author's transl)]. 627 32

The concepts of Hysteria, Hypochondriasis and Hysterical Personality are reviewed and their relationship to pain and headache examined. It is further noted that many patients with supposed "tension headache" do not respond to measures which relieve anxiety. Electromyographic studies indicate that "tension headache" is not associated with the expected amounts of frontalis muscle tension. It is argued that much headache cannot be explained in organic terms or as a result of muscle tension and that hysterical mechanisms are important in causing it.
Cephalalgia 1981 Jun
PMID:Headache and hysteria. 734 73


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