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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydatidosis can involve almost every organ or tissue in the body via the systemic circulation, but hydatid infestation of the orbit comprises far less than 1% of the total incidence. This study investigated the data on all patients of orbital hydatid disease reported in Turkey since 1963. In this meta-analysis, a total of 25 patients were included and slowly progressive unilateral proptosis, with or without pain, was the most frequent clinical manifestation (80%). The other presenting symptoms were visual loss (48%), periorbital pain (24%), chemosis (16%), and headache (12%). The presumptive diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made on the images obtained from ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. These diagnostic studies demonstrated a well-circumscribed cystic mass in almost all patients. Total surgical removal without rupture remains the best mode of therapy for orbital hydatid disease. The study indicates that in Turkey hydatidosis remains a serious problem, causing blindness. Orbital hydatid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral proptosis and visual handicap in patients from countries where hydatidosis is endemic.
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PMID:Hydatidosis of the orbit in Turkey: results from review of the literature 1963-2001. 1620 Apr 45

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare disorder characterized by meningeal thickness, that can be caused by infection, tumoral infiltration, inflammatory disorders or idiopathic. We report the case of a 40 year-old man that presented with longstanding headache and progressive bilateral visual loss and proptosis. Cranial and orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse dural thickness and bilateral extraconal orbital lesion. Extensive investigation did not reveal any systemic condition. Histopathological study after meningeal and orbital biopsy disclosed a chronic inflammatory process compatible respectively with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) and orbital pseudotumor. This case emphasizes that orbital involvement can occur in IHP and that its early identification is of great importance in order to improve the visual prognosis of this condition.
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PMID:[Cranial idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with orbital pseudotumor: case report]. 1625 78

A 44-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of right-sided tearing, redness, and chronic headache. Clinical examination was notable for 4-mm proptosis and decreased visual acuity OD. Orbital CT demonstrated isolated enlargement of the right lateral rectus. Surgical biopsy was undertaken after an unsuccessful trial of oral steroids. Histopathology and immunophenotyping demonstrated a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. External beam radiation induced regression of the lymphoma with decreased proptosis and improved visual acuity.
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PMID:Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma isolated to an extraocular muscle. 1698 33

We report 2 cases with cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (C-dAVF) presenting with headache as an initial symptom. A 70-year-old woman complained of acute persistent headache in the right temporal region. Another 74-year-old woman suffered from sudden and severe headache, developing from right-sided temporal throbbing to bilateral headache. Her condition was also complicated with cranial nerve deficits. These two patients were finally diagnosed as having C-dAVF based on the results of magnetic resonance angiography and cerebral angiography. It was difficult to make rapid diagnosis of C-dAVF in our patients, because they presented with headache alone but no typical symptoms of C-dAVF, such as proptosis, conjunctival injection or orbital bruit. C-dAVF should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in patients with headache.
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PMID:[Two cases of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula presenting headache as the one and only initial symptom]. 1706 5

Epithelioid hemangioma, or angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, is a benign vascular lesion that infrequently involves the orbit. We report a case of spontaneous orbital and periocular hemorrhage in a patient with epithelioid hemangioma of the orbit. Ophthalmic examination was accompanied by CT and MRI, followed by histopathologic diagnosis. The patient presented with headache, eyelid bruising, and double vision. Ophthalmic examination showed ecchymosis, proptosis, and limited extraocular movements of the affected eye. Imaging studies showed a cystic right orbital mass. Histologic examination showed plump endothelial cells accompanied by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. A diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioma was rendered. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous orbital and periocular hemorrhage associated with epithelioid hemangioma. Epithelioid hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with spontaneous orbital or periocular hemorrhage.
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PMID:Spontaneous orbital and periocular hemorrhage in a patient with epithelioid hemangioma. 1711 14

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign developmental skeletal disorder characterized by bony expansion secondary to replacement of the medullary cavity by fibroosseous connective tissue. A 16-year-old male patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging for headache, left proptosis, and a thrill over the left temporal artery. T1- and T2-weighted images showed extensive bone involvement of typical low signal intensity in the left hemicalvarium, skull base, and facial bones. Another striking finding was the presence of a frontoethmoidal sinus mucocele, which demonstrated high signal intensity both on T1- and T2-weighted images. The diagnosis was made as fibrous dysplasia after bone biopsy and histopathological evaluation.
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PMID:[Frontoethmoidal sinus mucocele as a rare finding in a patient with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia]. 1722 Jun 58

A case of a massive cholesteatoma of the frontal sinus in an 80-year-old female is reported. This lesion is very uncommon and a review of the English literature revealed only 12 reported cases. Characteristically, these tumors present unilaterally as a painless, slow-growing mass, often accompanied by frontal headache, proptosis and diplopia, and without a history of frontal sinus infection. Curative treatment includes total excision of the cholesteatoma with adequate drainage, which leaves the patient with an excellent prognosis although late recurrence has been reported. While this type of lesion is very rare, it is nevertheless an important differential diagnosis of frontal sinus tumors, due to the associated destruction of bone.
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PMID:Massive cholesteatoma of the frontal sinus: case report and review of the literature. 1727 24

Headaches are common and are a frequent reason to seek medical attention. The general practitioner is often confronted with this problem and has to decide which investigations are to be ordered. Simple but careful history and examination are mandatory as the presence of a red eye, exophthalmos, ophthalmoplegia, anisocoria, ptosis or visual loss can help the physician to decide whether an ocular, orbital or intracranial etiology is to be sought. This paper summarizes the most frequent causes of ocular and orbital pathologies which can be responsible for headaches and also provides a non-exhaustive overview of important intracranial and systemic pathologies causing headaches and ocular signs and/or symptoms.
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PMID:[Headaches and the eye]. 1737 57

A 71-year-old man visited our clinic with a 3-day history of severe throbbing headache and 1-day history of horizontal diplopia. He had had jaw claudication and pain in the neck and shoulder several days previously. His right eye was slightly esotropic and did not move laterally. There was no blepharoptosis, proptosis, lid edema, or conjunctival injection. The pupils were unremarkable. The remainder of the cranial nerve functions was intact. There was no limb weakness or sensory impairment. Superficial temporal arteries were swollen and tender on both sides. Laboratory examination showed elevated CRP level and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Cranial MR images were unremarkable. The cerebrospinal fluid was acellular with 45 mg/dl of protein. A diagnosis of temporal arteritis was made. Treatment with 50 mg of prednisolone brought about prompt disappearance of the headache. Right ocular movement fully recovered in 10 days. Temporal artery biopsy findings and response to corticosteroid were consistent with temporal arteritis. The motility pattern of the right eye was consistent with complete abducens nerve palsy, which is a rare manifestation of temporal arteritis. Although temporal arteritis is a rare cause of ophthalmoplegia in the elderly patients, swift diagnosis and treatment is necessary to avoid blindness.
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PMID:[Temporal arteritis presenting with headache and abducens nerve palsy. Report of a case]. 1771 Aug 91

Pituitary abscess is a rare entity and the correct diagnosis is still difficult before surgery. More than 210 cases have been reported in the medical literature, mostly in the form of isolated case reports. We report two cases of pituitary abscess treated endoscopically and we review the literature. A 30-year-old woman and a 35-year-old man were admitted with a history of pituitary dysfunction. Patient 1 presented with polyuria, polydipsia, amenorrhea, headache, and visual impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic intra- and supra-sellar lesion with ring enhancement after contrast injection. Patient 2 presented with frontal headache, proptosis, painful ophthalmoplegia, visual impairment, and fever. Eight years before the patient had undergone a transphenoidal surgery for Prolactinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a sellar lesion extending into the cavernous sinus and carotid artery bilaterally. Both patients underwent endoscopic transnasal-transsphenoidal exploration. Intraoperative diagnosis of pituitary abscess was made. The postoperative courses were uneventful. Antibiotic therapy was performed in both cases. Only three cases of endoscopic treatment of pituitary abscess have been reported in the literature. We recommend early management by endoscopic transphenoidal surgery for pituitary abscess: this technique is safe, with minimal blood loss, short operating time, low morbidity, and brief hospital stay.
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PMID:Endoscopic treatment of pituitary abscess: two case reports and literature review. 1789 32


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