Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the cranium is extremely rare, with only 17 cases reported so far. We describe a further case with involvement of the frontotemporal region and the orbit. The patient, an adult male, was admitted with headache and papilloedema, and later developed localised swelling and proptosis. He was treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and was free from metastases during a follow-up of 14 months. The prognosis of Ewing's sarcoma is improving with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Further cases are needed to study the biological behaviour of primary cranial Ewing's sarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Primary cranial Ewing's sarcoma. 1101 73

We report the case of a young patient who developed spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema after an attack of coughing. At admission the patient presented left proptosis, diplopia, vision impairment and headache. Computer tomography showed air in the lateral part of left orbit compressing the eyeball and the optic nerve medially. It also revealed a sphenoid bone dysplasia with hyperpneumatization of the left greater wing and with two dehiscences in its wall. It was very intriguing to discover that this sphenoid dysplasia and the flap of mucosa covering one dehiscence were causing a ball-valve effect, allowing air to enter but not leave the orbit. Endoscopic sinus surgery was successfully used to treat this case.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous compressive orbital emphysema of rhinogenic origin. 1119 31

Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous shunt (CdAVS) usually presents with exophthalmos, conjunctival chemosis, ophthalmoplegia, headache, bruit, or pulsatile tinnitus. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with CdAVS is rare. We describe a patient with CdAVS presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage and acute subdural hematoma. A 65-year-old woman presented headache and temporary loss of consciousness and was transferred to our hospital. On admission, the patient was alert and complained of a left-sided temporal headache. There were no ocular symptoms. A CT scan revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage and left acute subdural hematoma. When we prepared for cerebral angiography, the patient presented loss of consciousness following sudden onset of severe headache. Urgent angiography revealed left CdAVS, which was fed by both the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery and drained only into ipsilateral (left) vein of the sylvian fissure. Aneurysmal dilatation of the draining veins and leptomeningeal drainage were present. No cerebral aneurysms were detected. After the angiography, a CT scan showed enlarged subdural hematoma, so left fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomy was immediately performed. On opening the dura mater, arterial bleeding from Sylvian fissure appeared and was uncontrollable. Unfortunately, the patient died 3 days after the operation. We concluded that subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma were due to the rupture of engorged cortical veins. Our case report suggests that CdAVS with angiographic findings such as aneurysmal dilatation of the draining veins and leptomeningeal drainage should be treated urgently because of the high risk of the life-threatening complications resulting from a surgically uncontrollable hemorrhage.
 ...
PMID:[Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous shunt presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage and acute subdural hematoma: a case report]. 1144 19

Primary benign cystic lesions in the brain are uncommon. However, extracerebral cysts like arachnoid cyst, epidermoid cyst and craniopharyngiomas are fairly common lesions. Also, colloid cyst in the third ventricle, dermoid cyst and endodermal cyst in the extracerebral location are not uncommon. On the contrary, intraventricular ependymal and choroidal cysts in the intraventricular location are infrequent. Surgical intervention is warranted in cysts, which produce a mass effect and raised intracranial pressure. We present an interesting case of a giant intraventricular ependymal cyst in the temporal horn in a 14-year-old boy, who presented with recent onset of headaches and epilepsy. He also had long-standing progressive proptosis of the left eye and left temporal bossing. Excision of this cystic lesion was curative. Interesting clinical and neuroimaging features are presented.
 ...
PMID:Giant ependymal cyst of the temporal horn -- an unusual presentation. Case report with review of the literature. 1145 31

A fifty-two year old postmenopausal woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of diplopia, headache, humming over the head, and pain over the left eye. Neurological examination showed right abducens nerve palsy. In a few days, she also developed left abducens nerve palsy and chemosis, exophthalmos, and proptosis of both eyes. There was pulsation over the left eye. Intraocular pressure was found to be elevated bilaterally. Selective carotid angiograms showed the presence of bilateral dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM) supplied by the external carotid arteries. Two months after the embolisation of the AVMs, eye movements improved. Repeat angiograms showed the absence of flow into the previously embolised AVMs.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral sixth-nerve palsy associated with dural arteriovenous malformation. 1148 56

Acute fulminant fungal sinusitis is characterized by acute symptoms and rapid progress with a mortality rate of 60-80%. A large number of survivors have permanent neurological, visual and cosmetic disabilities. This clearly underscores the need of early recognition of this disease in at risk population in order to start urgent treatment. The at-risk population of diabetics, AIDS and other immunosuppressed is likely to increase, as will the incidence of acute fulminant fungal sinusitis. In the present study we have reviewed nine cases of acute fulminant fungal sinusitis to determine clinical presentation, related radiological picture and optimum treatment. Most common presenting features were fever, headache, facial swelling and proptosis. Many patients presented with blindness, facial paralysis and meningitis. Predisposing causes were uncontrolled diabetes with ketoacidosis in four out of six cases, post renal transplant immunosuppression and leukemia. All patients were treated with amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and culture of sinus mucosa, soft tissues of cheek, or orbit. Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture or histopathology in all cases. Surgical debridement was performed in seven cases. Six out of nine patients survived but morbidity was high: only two patients survived without any permanent disability.
 ...
PMID:Acute fulminant fungal sinusitis: clinical presentation, radiological findings and treatment. 1160 98

Zygomycosis is rare but highly invasive fungal infection, with high mortality rate. A 67 years old diabetic man was presented with rhino-ocular form of the disease. Fungal elements invaded the skin and subutaneous facial tissue, with involvement of the nose, paranasal sinuses and orbit. The portal of entry of fungus was through paranasal sinuses, after the tooth extraction. Various clinical manifestations were presented: headache, facial swelling, tenderness over the involved sinuses, unilateral orbital cellulitis with proptosis, facial and orbital pain, black nasal discharge, decreased visual acuity, blindness. Patient was treated surgically and by liposomal amphotericin B. He underwent maxillectomy, ethmoidectomy and sphenoidectomy and orbital exenteration because of the dissemination of the disease into the orbit. The specific diagnosis of the infection was established upon the microscopic demonstration of casual agent in the debridement tissue. Early diagnosis was important in this highly fatal disease. Aggressive surgical debridement, therapy with amphotericin B and correction of underlying metabolic acidosis must be performed. The successful medical therapy in this patient suggests that lipid formulation of amphotericin B should be given, because this antifungal agent performed the best control of the infection with the minimal adverse effects.
 ...
PMID:[Rhino-orbital zygomycosis]. 1176 21

A rare case of a diffuse calvarial meningioma in a sixty-three year-old female is reported. The patient presented with headache, painful proptosis and chemosis of the left eye. Imaging showed that the frontoparietal calvarium on both sides and the left orbital roof were thickened. The thickened bone showed patchy rarefaction. In relationship to the thickened bone, there was an enhancing en-plaque meningioma. The tumour extended on to the superolateral aspect of the left orbit and resulted in proptosis. Excision of the left frontoparietal calvarium and the orbital tumour was performed. The management of diffuse calvarial meningioma is discussed and the relevant literature is briefly reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Diffuse calvarial meningioma: a case report. 1183 3

Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae (CCF) represent pathological communications between the intracavernous internal carotid artery and the cavernous venous sinus. Although trauma is the most common cause of high flow carotid cavernous fistulae, they are relatively uncommon in patients sustaining craniofacial trauma. Nevertheless, CCF require early diagnosis and rapid and effective treatment in order to prevent severe and significant morbidity. Clinical presentation may include pulsatile proptosis, ocular and orbital erythema, chemosis, diplopia, headaches, and visual loss. Cerebral angiography is currently the definitive diagnostic study. Obliteration of the fistula by endovascular techniques is the current mainstay treatment, and direct surgery is reserved for cases that have failed endovascular therapy. This article reviews clinical features, pertinent anatomy, and therapeutic approaches to carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae.
 ...
PMID:Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae in craniofacial trauma: classification and treatment. 1195 90

Cranial fibrous dysplasias are rare and comprise less than one percent of all primary bone lesions. These painless progressively expanding destructive bone swellings produce cosmetic deformities (commonest), sino-orbital and auditive complications (less common), peripheral compressive cranial neuropathies (uncommon) and compressive central neurological manifestations (rarest). Until recently some of the primary dysplastic skull base lesions were either treated expectantly or excised incompletely. In a significant percentage of cases, these lesions were considered inaccessible. However, with the development of modern neuro-imaging (CT and MRI) and the applications of current skull base approaches, the more aggressive and radical surgical procedures are being undertaken, with a significant improvement in overall outcome. We present a series of 8 cases of fibrous dysplasia in the age group of 10-33 years with a mean age of 19.75 years. Four cases each had monostotic type and polyostotic type. All patients presented with mild to moderate headaches, and seven cases with some form of cosmetic deformity. In 4 patients there was a unilateral proptosis, while only two had visual deterioration. One patient had anosmia and one hearing impairment. In one case fibrous dysplasia was hemicranial, and in another case the disease was pancranial. Neuro-imaging studies have well delineated the extent of the lesions. In two patients with unilateral fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia, the removal of dysplastic bone, autoclaving and remodeling and replacement were performed. In two patients of sphenoidal wing fibrous dysplasia a total excision was possible. In the remaining four patients, a partial excision was performed. Overall outcome was good. There was no mortality. One patient had recurrent post-operative extradural haematomas. The authors present the results of an analysis of eight surgically treated cases of symptomatic cranial fibrous dysplasias along with their long-term outcome and the lessons learnt from this series.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic cranial fibrous dysplasias: clinico-radiological analysis in a series of eight operative cases with follow-up results. 1221 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>