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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viruses cause most forms of encephalitis. The two main types responsible for epidemic encephalitis are enteroviruses and arboviruses. The City of New York reports about 10 cases of encephalitis yearly. Establishing a diagnosis is often difficult. In August 1999, a cluster of five patients with fever, confusion, and weakness were admitted to a community hospital in Flushing, New York. Flaccid paralysis developed in four of the five patients, and they required ventilatory support. Three, less severe, cases presented later in the same month. An investigation was conducted by the NewYork City (NYC) and New York State (NYS) health departments and the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The West Nile virus (WNV) was identified as the etiologic agent. WNV is an arthropod-borne flavivirus, with a geographic distribution in Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. It has also been isolated in Australia and sporadically in Europe but never in the Americas. The majority of people infected have no symptoms. Fever, severe myalgias, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, and a roseolar rash can occur. Rarely, encephalitis or meningitis is seen. The NYC outbreak resulted in the first cases of WNV infection in the Western Hemisphere and the first arboviral infection in NYC since yellow fever in the nineteenth century. The WNV is now a public health concern in the United States.
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PMID:The West Nile virus encephalitis outbreak in the United States (1999-2000): from Flushing, New York, to beyond its borders. 1179 74

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an epidemic encephalitis characterised by altered sensorium, convulsions, headache, brainstem signs with pyramidal and extrapyramidal features. Immune-mediated manifestation as acute transverse myelitis (ATM) has not been previously reported in JE. We describe a 40-year-old man who presented with an acute onset quadriparesis with urinary retention, which was preceded by fever and headache 3 weeks prior. He had elevated IgM titres against JE virus in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. MRI of cervico-thoracic spine demonstrated signal intensity alterations extending from C1 to D10 spinal segments. The patient was treated with intravenous methyl prednisolone for 5 days. He regained normal power at 6 months follow-up and repeat MRI study demonstrated complete resolution of the lesion. We conclude that in a case of JE, one should be vigilant for early diagnosis of possible complication as ATM, in which an early institution of immunomodulator therapy prevents adverse consequences.
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PMID:Acute transverse myelitis following Japanese encephalitis viral infection: an uncommon complication of a common disease. 2300 81

Viral encephalitis is a severe illness that produces inflammation of the brain. CNS viral infections frequently occur as a complication of systemic viral infections. Over 100 viruses are implicated as causative agents, including herpes simplex virus type I which is the most common agent implied in non-epidemic encephalitis in all population groups in the world, and is responsible for the most severe cases in all ages. Many viruses, for which there are vaccines, may also cause encephalitis: measles, mumps, polio, rabies, rubella, and chickenpox. The virus causes an inflammation of the brain tissue, which may progress to destruction of nerve cells, cause bleeding and brain damage, leading to severe encephalitis, such as hemorrhagic or necrotizing encephalitis, with a worse prognosis, producing serious sequelae or death. The clinical evolution includes the presence of headache, fever and altered consciousness rapidly progressive. The outcome of viral encephalitis is variable, some cases are mild, with full recovery, but there are serious cases that can cause severe sequel in the brain. To diagnose this illness as soon as possible is essential, through laboratory tests (biochemistry, virus PCR, culture) and neuroimaging (CT, MRI) and above all, the establishment of early treatment to prevent the development of the process and possible complications. The prognosis worsens if the initiation of treatment is delayed.
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PMID:[Viral encephalitis in children]. 2407 56