Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modern sleep research studies have provided the practicing physician with considerable new information concerning the basic psychophysiology of sleep, the effects of medical conditions on sleep and the role of maturational and emotional factors in producing certain sleep disorders. Medical and psychiatric disorders, sleep disorders and drug-induced sleep stage alterations are studied in the sleep laboratory using the same techniques developed to analyze sleep patterns in normal subjects. After initial sleep laboratory adaptation, a profile of the sleep characteristics of various clinical conditions is obtained. This profile can be compared to sleep profiles of normal subjects as well as to the effects on sleep of subsequent experimental or therapeutic procedures. Various studies have shown that coronary artery, duodenal ulcer and nocturnal headache patients experience angina, increased gastric acid secretion and migraine or cluster headaches, respectively during REM sleep. Adult nocturnal asthamtic episodes occur out of all sleep stages while attacks of dyspnea in asthmatic children occur in all stages except stage 4 sleep. Hypothyroid patients show decreases in stages 3 and 4 sleep, while in hyperthyroid patients the percentage of time spent in stages 3 and 4 sleep is markedly increased. Enuretic episodes occur predominantly in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sleepwalking and night terror episodes occur exclusively out of NREM sleep, particularly from stages 3 and 4 sleep. Most child somnambulists and children with night terrors "outgrow" this disorder, suggesting a delayed maturation of the central nervous system. Stimulant drugs are effective in the treatment of the sleep attacks of narcolepsy and in treating certain cases of hypersomnia, while imipramine is an effective treatment for the auxillary symptoms of narcolepsy. Psychological disturbances are frequent in adult somnambulism and night terrors as well as in hypersomnia and insomnia. Proper pharmacologic treatment to provide symptomatic relief for insomnia is recommended to enhance the psychotherapeutic process.
 ...
PMID:Nocturnal psychophysiological correlates of somatic conditions and sleep disorders. 77 62

The author has performed clinical and follow-up studies of 80 acromegalic patients treated by transanthro-sphenoidal removal of the pituitary adenoma. Heredity for acromegaly or gigantism was recorded in 3.8% of the patients and other hereditary factors in 13.8%. Head trauma, meningitis or encephalitis was recorded in the case histories in 18.8%. The predominant symptoms were sweating, paraesthesiae, headache and joint pain. Acromegaly was in 37.6% associated with goitre, parathyroid adenoma, gastric or duodenal ulcer, parotid tumours of submandibular swelling. The fecundity among the married patients was good, 34.4% having three or more children. Successful pregnancies occurred after the transanthro-sphenoidal removal of the adenoma.
 ...
PMID:Heredity and symptoms in acromegaly. 98 80

Pantoprazole is a newly developed benzimidazole derivative with strong inhibitory actions on gastric acid secretion by blocking H(+)-K(+)-ATPase. This randomized double-blind multicenter trial investigated the efficacy of 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg pantoprazole o.m. on ulcer healing and symptomatic relief in 219 out-patients with endoscopically assessed acute duodenal ulcer. After 2 weeks complete ulcer healing was achieved in 58%, 89% and 82% of the patients with 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg pantoprazole o.m., respectively. After 4 weeks, corresponding figures were 93%, 99% and 100%; the difference of the healing rates between the 20 mg and 40 mg groups at 2 weeks was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). A rapid pain relief was achieved in all treatment groups: 72% of the 20 mg group, 89% of the 40 mg group, and 84% of the 80 mg group were pain-free after 2 weeks. The difference between 20 mg and 40 mg was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Pantoprazole was well tolerated. Adverse events occurred in 13 patients; headache, skin alterations, and diarrhea were reported most frequently. Severity and frequency of adverse events did not reveal any dose-dependence. In conclusion, pantoprazole provides fast healing of acute duodenal ulcer as well as rapid improvement of ulcer symptoms. For further clinical trials in peptic ulcer disease a daily dose of pantoprazole 40 mg o.m. is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Dose-range finding study with the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole in acute duodenal ulcer patients. 147 82

The tolerability of omeprazole was compared to control agents in 68 clinical studies that enrolled a total of 4846 patients, of whom 3096 received omeprazole. The incidence of adverse experiences was independent of omeprazole dose administered, the age of the patients, and the disease treated (duodenal ulcer or endoscopically verified gastroesophageal reflux disease). The most common clinical adverse experiences were headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The most common laboratory adverse experiences were elevated aspartate aminotransferase and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Omeprazole was well tolerated, and the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences was similar in patients receiving omeprazole, placebo, cimetidine, or ranitidine.
 ...
PMID:Comparative tolerability profile of omeprazole in clinical trials. 191 59

Enprostil, a prostaglandin E2 analogue, is effective in healing acute duodenal ulcer but its value in preventing recurrence, when given daily for maintenance therapy, is uncertain. In this three-centre study we compared enprostil and ranitidine maintenance therapy; the latter is known to reduce duodenal ulcer relapse rates. Patients whose duodenal ulcers had been healed by treatment with an H2-receptor antagonist were randomized to receive single-blind treatment with either 35 micrograms enprostil (n = 64) or 150 mg ranitidine (n = 64) at bedtime for periods of up to 1 year. Endoscopy was routinely performed at 3 months at one centre, and at 6 and 12 months at all three centres, or whenever ulcer symptoms recurred. Clinical assessment and laboratory investigations were performed every 3 months. Relapse, defined as recurrent ulcer with or without pain, or erosions with pain, was significantly greater in patients on enprostil, the comparative rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were: enprostil 23, 31 and 36% ranitidine 6, 12 and 17% (P = 0.013; P = 0.03 and P = 0.03, respectively). Thirty-one patients reported adverse events, the most common being headache (enprostil = 6, ranitidine = 2) and mild diarrhoea (enprostil = 6, ranitidine = 0). Four patients on enprostil were withdrawn for adverse events, although none terminated because of diarrhoea. There were no clinically significant changes in haematology or biochemistry. Enprostil may reduce duodenal ulcer relapse but at a dose of 35 micrograms nightly, it is less effective than 150 mg ranitidine nightly.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of low-dose maintenance treatment with enprostil against ranitidine in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. 251 62

Famotidine (40 mg) and 800 mg cimetidine as single night-time doses were compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study of acute treatment for duodenal ulceration. Fifteen centres recruited 304 patients into the study. Of these, 274 were included for analysis, with 136 receiving famotidine and 138 receiving cimetidine. After 4 weeks, 75% of the patients who received famotidine and 77% of the patients who received cimetidine were healed. At 6 weeks the cumulative healing rates were 91% with famotidine and 87% with cimetidine. Differences between the groups were not significant at 4 or 6 weeks. No significant difference in healing rates between smokers and non-smokers was found. Day and night pain resolved rapidly in both groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated; adverse events were reported in 17 patients on famotidine and 18 on cimetidine, with headache the most frequent event in both groups. Famotidine is effective and well-tolerated in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.
 ...
PMID:Single night-time doses of 40 mg famotidine or 800 mg cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. 251 64

The efficacy and safety of famotidine, a new potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been studied in 1,031 patients by 68 investigators in 19 countries in a worldwide dose-ranging multicenter comparative study. Three doses of famotidine (40 mg h.s., 20 mg b.i.d., 40 mg b.i.d.) were compared to ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. There were no significant differences between the groups in baseline characteristics, including duodenal ulcer size. Efficacy parameters included daytime and nocturnal symptom relief and duodenal ulcer healing, documented by endoscopy, and defined as complete re-epithelialization of the ulcer crater. Significant reductions from baseline for day and night pain, beginning during the first 24 h period, were found in all four treatment groups (p less than 0.01). There was little difference among the four treatment groups with respect to the percentage of patients healed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Healing rates for the three famotidine groups (40 mg h.s., 20 mg b.i.d., 40 mg b.i.d.) were 88, 92 and 92%, respectively, after 8 weeks of treatment as compared to 91% for the ranitidine group. The occurrence and type of adverse clinical experiences reported was similar for each of the four treatment groups. The most common adverse experiences were headache and diarrhea. The results of this study demonstrate that an h.s. dose of famotidine is equivalent to both b.i.d. famotidine and b.i.d. ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing and pain relief. In view of possible increased patient compliance with a simplified dosage regimen, famotidine 40 mg h.s. is recommended in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer.
 ...
PMID:Review of an extensive worldwide study of a new H2-receptor antagonist, famotidine, as compared to ranitidine in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. 288 13

A randomised double-blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy of roxatidine acetate 75 mg twice daily with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily in 308 patients with endoscopically confirmed uncomplicated duodenal ulcers. After 6 weeks of treatment ulcer healing was found in 93.5% of the roxatidine acetate group and 89.2% of the ranitidine group, with no significant differences between treatment groups. The relief of day and night-time epigastric pain assessed at clinic visits or on diary cards by patients was comparable for both treatment groups, as was the consumption of antacid tablets for relief of symptoms of dyspepsia. There were no significant differences in the healing rates of smokers and non-smokers for either roxatidine acetate or ranitidine treatment, and no clinically significant alterations in laboratory values. Eight patients in the roxatidine acetate group and 1 in the ranitidine group complained of mild side effects, which included diarrhoea, constipation and headache. One patient on roxatidine acetate withdrew from treatment because of a mild skin rash. The results confirm that roxatidine acetate is a safe and effective treatment for duodenal ulcer disease.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of roxatidine acetate and ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing. 290 55

Famotidine was compared to ranitidine in a short-term study on the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Famotidine 20 mg. b.i.d., 40 mg. b.i.d. and 40 mg. nocte heal as many ulcer as ranitidine (90.9%, 91.7%, 83.3% and 100% respectively). A single 20 mg. bedtime dose shows to be effective on preventing ulcer recurrence for as long as 48 weeks; the 38% recurrence rate observed with famotidine was statistically different from the 78% observed with placebo. Diarrhoea was the most common complain observed during the short-term trial, followed by sleepiness and headache. The few and small biochemical alterations during the long-term treatment (increase in transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, BUN) could in no instance be directly related to the substances on use.
 ...
PMID:Famotidine in the short and long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. 307 6

An integrated analysis of the fifteen published prospective multicenter studies that have examined the safety and efficacy of famotidine for the short-term (13) and maintenance (2) therapy of duodenal ulcer included over 2,600 patients. The thirteen studies of endoscopically proved acute duodenal ulcer that were published in English or were available in a complete English translation were reviewed. Six of these studies compared famotidine with ranitidine, one with cimetidine, one with gefarnate, and one with placebo, and four were uncontrolled. In controlled studies of the short-term therapy of symptomatic duodenal ulcer, famotidine was equal in efficacy to ranitidine or cimetidine and superior to placebo and gefarnate at all times examined. The efficacy of famotidine was examined in three oral dosing regimens--20 mg BID, 40 mg HS, and 40 mg BID. There were no significant differences in efficacy or side effects associated with these three regimens. Overall, the cumulative healing rate with famotidine was 46% at two weeks, 77% at four weeks, and 91% at eight weeks. In studies involving 50 patients or more, famotidine 40 mg orally HS resulted in healing rates for active duodenal ulcer of 82% to 100% after four weeks. Adverse effects were uncommon with all dosages examined. Adverse effects led to the discontinuation of therapy in three patients--two owing to the development of rash and one because of dizziness. Headache and constipation were the most common adverse experiences, but in no study were the adverse experiences that were seen with famotidine significantly more frequent than those seen with ranitidine or placebo. No patient undergoing therapy for active duodenal ulcer had a biochemical abnormality that required a change in therapy or that was drug related in the opinion of the investigator. Multicenter studies examining the efficacy of famotidine in reducing the incidence of duodenal ulcer recurrence showed that famotidine was superior to placebo at all intervals examined. In conclusion, the data from the studies included in this review show that famotidine is highly effective and generally well tolerated both in the short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer and in the maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcer.
 ...
PMID:Famotidine in the management of duodenal ulcer: an analysis of multicenter findings worldwide. 307 11


1 2 3 Next >>