Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a 74-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 1.5 months after commencement of mizoribin prescription when his arthritis was improved. He noticed nausea and headache and serum Na fell as low as 118 mEq/l. Normal urinary Na excretion without hypotension or hemoconcentration negated the possibility of dehydration resulting from urinary Na loss. Serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) remained elevated at 0.59 pg/ml in spite of a significant reduction in serum osmolality to 254 mosm/kg. He had no organic disease likely to cause SIADH. Despite infusion of hypertonic saline, his serum Na was not restored to normal. Shortly after mizoribin withdrawal, his serum Na increased significantly from 128 to 139 mEq/l and plasma osmolality from 265 to 287 mosm/kg. ADH hypersecretion in relation to plasma osmolality was reversed by mizoribin withdrawal, suggesting that bredinin might adversely induce SIADH. Additional predisposing factors were the patient's age and difficulty in urination due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. In summary, we report herein the first case of SIADH believed to be an adverse effect of mizoribin, which may therefore needed to be added to the list of drugs which can induce SIADH.
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PMID:A case of SIADH induced by mizoribin administration. 1239 45

Caffeine is the most commonly consumed drug in the world, and athletes frequently use it as an ergogenic aid. It improves performance and endurance during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. To a lesser degree it also enhances short-term, high-intensity athletic performance. Caffeine improves concentration, reduces fatigue, and enhances alertness. Habitual intake does not diminish caffeine's ergogenic properties. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the physiologic effects of caffeine, but adenosine receptor antagonism most likely accounts for the primary mode of action. It is relatively safe and has no known negative performance effects, nor does it cause significant dehydration or electrolyte imbalance during exercise. Routine caffeine consumption may cause tolerance or dependence, and abrupt discontinuation produces irritability, mood shifts, headache, drowsiness, or fatigue. Major sport governing bodies ban excessive use of caffeine, but current monitoring techniques are inadequate, and ethical dilemmas persist regarding caffeine intake by athletes.
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PMID:Caffeine and exercise. 1283 77

Chronic mild dehydration is a common condition in some population groups, including especially the elderly and those who participate in physical activity in warm environments. Hypohydration is recognised as a precipitating factor in a number of acute medical conditions in the elderly, and there may be an association, although not necessarily a causal one, between a low habitual fluid intake and some cancers, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is some evidence of impairments of cognitive function at moderate levels of hypohydration, but even short periods of fluid restriction, leading to a loss of body mass of 1-2%, lead to reductions in the subjective perception of alertness and ability to concentrate and to increases in self-reported tiredness and headache. In exercise lasting more than a few minutes, hypohydration clearly impairs performance capacity, but muscle strength appears to be relatively unaffected.
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PMID:Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance. 1468 9

In daily clinical practice, it is seen that elderly patients complain most frequently of dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing loss. Listening to those complaints, do we not tend just to attribute them to age? Against this background, we review vertigo in elderly patients briefly and consider the key points of its treatment. In comparison to younger people, what is first noticeable about elderly people is that they have a lot of fat in the body and a markedly low level of intracellular water. In other words, elderly people are always at risk of dehydration and liable to enter a shock state. The dorsal root in the elderly is also degenerated, and this explains such diverse complaints as dizziness, tinnitus, ringing in the head, headache, neck and shoulder stiffness, and lumbago. However, these complaints cannot be dismissed simply as "an unidentified syndrome." Behind these complaints is invariably one or another organic disorder. This is the conclusion we have reached from our day-to-day clinical practice.
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PMID:Special features of old age vertigo. 1468 49

Recently, we showed that fasting is a strong headache precipitator unrelated to coffee, tea, or smoking withdrawal or to oversleeping. In the current study, we evaluated the role of dehydration as a possible precipitator of fasting headache. The effects of a 25-hour fast of the Jewish Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) were studied in women who participated in our previous Yom Kippur study. We asked the subjects to weigh themselves at the beginning and at the end of the Yom Kippur fast, assuming that the weight loss would largely reflect dehydration. In all but 1 of the 56 participants, the fast resulted in weight loss but only 28 (50%) reported headache. The average weight loss was 1.4 +/- 0.8 kg in those who developed headache and 1.2 +/- 0.5 kg in those who did not. This small difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that dehydration, as reflected by acute weight loss, is an unlikely cause of headache during a single day of fasting. The mechanism of fasting headache remains unclear.
Headache 1999 Mar
PMID:Fasting headache, weight loss, and dehydration. 1561 18

The maintenance of circulating blood volume within an optimal range is necessary for haemodialysis patients to avoid circulating complications, including over-hydration and dehydration. Inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) estimation is a non-invasive method to obtain a well correlation with the intravascular fluid status, and it may get a reliable ideal dry weight (DW) for chronic haemodialysis patients. We try to analysis the life quality changes and circulating complication in chronic haemodialysis patients who adjust DW with this tool in comparing with the traditional method. A total of 100 chronic haemodialysis patients, ranging from 26 to 77 years old, were involved in this study. They are randomly divided into study (n = 50) and control group (n= 50). All of them received the IVCD estimation by echocardiography every month for 3 months. The patients in the study group adjusted the DW with the IVCD estimated by echocardiographic method, however, patients in the control group with the traditional method. The quality of life (QOL) was evaluated with the short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) in the beginning and the end of the study. The scores of physical functioning (PF), role limitation-physical (RP), general health (GH) and role limitation-emotional (RE) have much improvement in the patients of the study group than those in the control group. Besides, the occurrence of clinical events due to circulating complications during the study period showed significant reduction in the extents of hypotension, gastrointestinal upset, discontinuation of haemodialysis, muscular cramps, tinnitus, headache and chest discomforts with electrocardiographic changes; and these effects, especially, are significant in the patients with over-dehydrated status, which with the IVCD < 8 mm/m2 detected by echocardiographic method. The study demonstrated that ideal DW estimated by echocardiographic method not only improved the QOL but also reduced the circulating complications during haemodialysis for chronic haemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Clinical events occurrence and the changes of quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients with dry weight determined by echocardiographic method. 1564 4

Based on a review of the literature the authors discuss the role of nutrition in the precipitation of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). The available information relies largely on the subjective assessment of the patients. Controlled trials suggest that alcohol and caffeine withdrawal are the most important nutritional precipitating factors of migraine and TTH. In addition, there is some evidence that missing meals is also an important factor. Dehydration seems to deserve more attention. A selective sensitivity to red wine has been shown in some patients, the importance of chocolate has been doubted seriously, and scientific evidence for cheese as a precipitating factor is lacking. Despite a series of experimental studies demonstrating that NO donors such as nitroglycerin and parenteral histamine cause headache the role of histamine, nitrates, and nitrites in food remains unclear. Similarly, other biogenic amines and aspartame have not been proven to precipitate headache. Sodium glutamate causes adverse reactions including headache probably at large doses ingested on an empty stomach. Therefore, patients should be advised that food plays a limited role as a precipitating factor of migraine and TTH. Subjective sensitivity to certain foods should be examined critically, and proven precipitating factors should be avoided. General dietary restrictions have not been proven to be useful.
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PMID:[Alimentary trigger factors that provoke migraine and tension-type headache]. 1580 85

Fifty migraineurs were asked if insufficient fluid intake could provoke their migraine attacks. Twenty replied "yes," 7 were doubtfully positive, and 23 said "no." In addition 14 of 45 migraineurs at a meeting of the British Migraine association (UK) also recognized fluid deprivation as one of their migraine triggers. Thus a total of 34 of 95 migraineurs knew that dehydration could provoke their attacks, a precipitant not recognized by the medical profession. This indicates that we can add fluid deprivation to our list of migraine precipitants. It would be interesting to know the extent to which it applies in other climates. Further research is needed into the mechanism of this precipitant.
Headache 2005 Jun
PMID:Water deprivation: a new migraine precipitant. 1595 11

(1) First-line treatment of multiple myeloma depends first and foremost on the patient's age. There is no standard treatment for relapses and the median survival time after the first relapse is only 12 to 15 months. (2) Bortezomib, a cytotoxic agent, inhibits the 26S proteasome involved in protein breakdown in mammalian cells. It is licensed for use in myeloma after multiple treatment failure. (3) Three dose-finding studies showed some effects of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 bortezomib administered twice a week for two weeks, with each course followed by a 10-day treatment-free period. It is not known whether 1.3 mg/m2 is more effective than 1 mg/m2. (4) In a non comparative trial that included 202 patients with multidrug-resistant myeloma, progression-free survival time increased to a median of 6.6 months (compared to 3.3 months after previous relapses), and the median overall survival time was 7 months in the 75% of patients who did not respond and more than 15 months in the 25% of responders. However, given the heterogeneous nature of the study population the evidence from this trial is rather weak. (5) An unblinded comparative trial including 54 patients failed to show whether bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 was more effective than bortezomib 1 mg/m2 in terms of clinical outcome. Another comparative trial including 669 patients indicated that bortezomib was more effective than dexamethasone in terms of the median time to disease progression (5.7 months versus 3.6 months). (6) Animal studies indicate that bortezomib is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic, and that the interval between the maximal tolerated dose and the fatal dose is very small. Experience with bortezomib use is too limited to know the possible clinical repercussions of these experimental findings. (7) Adverse effects were frequent and varied in clinical trials. They included fatigue, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathies. They affected 30% to 60% of patients overall, and were severe in about 10% to 20% of patients. Other adverse effects included hypotension, fever, headache, pain and dehydration. (8) Bortezomib is metabolised by cytochrome P 450 isoenzyme 3A4, and this implies a high risk of drug-drug interactions. (9) Each vial of bortezomib contains more of the drug than is needed for one injection. This is not only wasteful, but also carries a risk of overdosing, with potentially serious consequences, should the entire contents be injected by mistake. (10) Bortezomib may be used as a last resort in some patients with multiple myeloma, but the individual risk-benefit balance must be carefully weighed in each case.
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PMID:Bortezomib: new drug. A last resort in myeloma: modest efficacy, major risks. 1598 89

Dehydration is commonly believed to result in headache, but the effectiveness of increasing the water intake in patients who frequently suffer from headaches has not been studied thus far. In a pilot study, we examined the possible effects and feasibility of increased water intake in headache patients. Eighteen headache patients (all had migraine, two also had tension-type headache) were randomly allocated to placebo medication, or the advice to additionally drink 1.5 l of water per day, for a period of 12 weeks. Effect measurements consisted of a 2 weeks headache diary and the Migraine Specific Quality of Life (MSQOL) questionnaire. The advice to increase the daily fluid intake by 1.5 l increased the fluid intake in the intervention group by approximately 1 l. This reduced the total hours of headache in 2 weeks by 21 h (95% CI: -48 to 5). Mean headache intensity decreased by 13 mm (95% CI: -32 to 5) on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The effects on MSQOL, number of headache episodes, and medication seemed to be small. The data of the present study suggest a reduction in the total number of hours and intensity of headache episodes after increased water intake. Our results seem to justify larger scaled research on the effectiveness of increased water intake in headache patients.
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PMID:Increasing the daily water intake for the prophylactic treatment of headache: a pilot trial. 1612 74


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