Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 16-year-old female presented to an emergency department with complaints of nausea and vomiting, dehydration, increasing weakness, and resting tremor. The past history included mild exercise-induced asthma. She denied sexual activity, but a urine test for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin was positive and she was transferred to a gynecology service for management of pregnancy. She also had primary amenorrhea and delayed growth for age. Further complaints included headaches accompanied with worsening of visual activity. Pelvic ultrasound revealed no intrauterine or ectopic pregnancy. Head CT scan showed a suprasellar tumor, better defined on an MRI as a hypothalamic tumor. Pathology following partial tumor resection revealed a mixed germ cell tumor with negative metastatic work-up.
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PMID:Another Positive Pregnancy Test. 1035 84

Cerebral internal venous thrombosis are rare and diagnosis is difficult. We report three cases in male adults. Clinical data were headaches, vomiting, dizziness and coma, in relation with an intracranial hypertension, or in a case, cardiocirculatory arrest. Cerebral internal veinous thrombosis was diagnosed by a CT scan and cerebral angiography twenty four hours after the admission in neurosurgical intensive care. CT scan showed hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions of thalami in two cases, diffuse cerebral edema in two patients, early or delayed hydrocephaly in two cases. No patient survived despite intensive treatment including heparinotherapy, ventricular CSF drainage, osmotherapy, dehydration, barbiturate, other antiepileptic drugs and mechanical ventilation. In two cases, general or local illness was found, sickle cell disease or radiotherapy for pineal tumor, and in case 3 clinical signs evoked autoimmune disease, not demonstrated by biological samples.
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PMID:[Cerebral deep vein thrombosis: three cases]. 1048 48

A 22-year-old Caucasian woman with a 6 year history of persistently active, systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) developed symptoms of headache, dry cough, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dehydration associated with a high fever, elevated liver enzymes, and lymphopenia. Subsequent investigation revealed acute infection with parvovirus B19. Following clinical improvement over 10-14 days solely with supportive care, her underlying disease remained in remission for about 7 months.
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PMID:Remission of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after infection with parvovirus B19. 1055 14

How microgravity influences autonomic function is still under investigation. Microgravity induces neuro-vestibular alterations and body fluid shift, and these two changes cause "space motion sickness(SMS)" and cardiovascular deconditioning. "Space motion sickness" is a autonomic syndrome that exhibits nausea, vomiting, headache, anorexia, pallor etc., whose incidence in Space Shuttle mission reaches 67.1%. There are several hypotheses for SMS mechanism: 1) sensory conflict, 2) fluid shift, 3) otolith asymmetry, 4) space orientation readaptation, 5) otolith tilt-translation reinterpretation, and these hypotheses are considered to be combined together to cause SMS. After space flight, 64% of the astronauts suffer from orthostatic intolerance, which is defined as incompletion of 15 min of 70 degrees head-up tilt. Several causes for the deconditioning have been hypothesized, dehydration followed by fluid shift, altered gain for baroreflex sensitivity, decreased venous capacitance, etc. In our previous studies, we recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity(MSNA) by microneurography under simulated and actual microgravity conditions. Parabolic flight, which induces 20 sec of actual microgravity, suppressed MSNA to 50%. Head-out water immersion suppressed MSNA to 20% while gradual recovery was observed during 3 hours of immersion. Dry immersion for 3 days revealed that MSNA was enhanced after simulated microgravity while the response to orthostasis was unchanged. Bed rest for 6, 14, and 120 days and Neurolab Project clarified the same tendency for longer duration of simulated microgravity. These alterations in MSNA might be attributed to the development of cardiovascular deconditioning after microgravity exposure.
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PMID:[Microgravity and autonomic nervous system]. 1094 20

We report a case of a seventy-year-old woman with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and adrenal insufficiency induced by Rathke's cleft cyst. She experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache and disturbance of consciousness induced by hyponatremia at a serum sodium level of 100 mEq/l. In spite of severe hyponatremia, urinary sodium excretion was not suppressed and serum osmolality (270 mOsm/kg) was lower than urine osmolality (304 mOsm/kg), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) remained within normal range. SIADH was diagnosed because she was free from other diseases known to cause hyponatremia such as dehydration, cardiac dysfunction, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. Cranial computed tomographic (CT) scan and cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a cystic lesion of approximately 2 cm in diameter in the pituitary gland. These images suggested that the cystic lesion was a Rathke's cleft cyst, which was the cause of SIADH. Water restriction therapy normalized her serum sodium concentration and improved her symptoms. After one year, she suffered from general fatigue, appetite loss, fever, and body weight loss (5 kg/2 months). She had neither hypotension nor hypoglycemia, but her serum sodium level was low and serum cortisol, ACTH, and urine free cortisol were very low. Therefore, secondary adrenal insufficiency was suspected and diagnosed by stimulation tests. After start of hydrocortisone replacement therapy (10 mg/day), her symptoms disappeared. In conclusion, Rathke's cleft cyst should be kept in mind as a potential cause in a patient with SIADH, hypopituitarism, and/or adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and adrenal insufficiency induced by rathke's cleft cyst: a case report. 1107 19

This study was designed to estimate the frequency and characteristics of headaches occurring on the first day of Ramadan (Moslems' fasting month) and to determine possible causes. One hundred fifty copies of a specially designed questionnaire were distributed on the second day of fasting to a random sample of hospital staff. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 116 subjects (77%). Headaches were reported by 37 (41%) of the 91 persons who had fasted as compared to 2 (8%) of those 25 who did not fast (P = .002). The headache was of tension type in 78% of the cases. Headache frequency increased with the duration of fasting and affected mainly those prone to have headaches, more particularly of the tension type and the most important exogenous-associated factor was caffeine withdrawal. Other factors such as lack of sleep, hypoglycemia, and dehydration may have been contributory in a small number of cases. A progressive reduction of caffeine consumption in the weeks preceding the month of Ramadan and a cup of strong coffee just before the start of the fast may prevent the occurrence of first-of-Ramadan headache.
Headache
PMID:The first-of-Ramadan headache. 1127 33

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that immunocompromised people avoid exposure to cryptosporidium in outbreak settings by drinking water that is boiled, filtered, or bottled. A parasite, cryptosporidium is spread when persons ingest infected feces of humans or animals, or eat raw or undercooked vegetables contaminated with an egg-like form of the parasite. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and low-grade fever; in immunocompromised patients infection often leads to weight loss, dehydration, and may become life-threatening. Drugs can treat the symptoms, although cryptosporidiosis is not curable and often recurs in severely immunocompromised patients. To prevent becoming infected; HIV-positive people should not drink water from lakes, rivers, and swimming pools; avoid unpasteurized milk or milk products; wash hands after contact with pets or with soil; and follow safe-sex guidelines. The CDC also recommends that in settings with an outbreak of cryptosporidium, individuals boil water for one minute to kill the parasite or use a filter for tap water that is capable of removing particles less than one micron in diameter. A third option is to use bottled water for drinking, although it is difficult to know which is safe since no organization regulates it.
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PMID:CDC provides guidelines on suspect water supplies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1136 76

Eleven volunteer submariners were exposed to simulated disabled submarine conditions for a maximum of 7 days to determine if the limited clothing and rations provided in escape compartments would compromise survival prospects. Daily rations were 0.568 liters of water (none on Day 1) and 100 g of barley sugar. The subjects wore working rig and the liner from the Mark 10 submarine escape and immersion equipment throughout, and slept in the outer dry suit. Air temperature fell from 22 degrees to 4.4 degrees C over 2 days and then remained at 4.4 degrees C. Although the subjects felt cold they were able to maintain their deep body temperature. The greatest threat to survival in this situation would be dehydration, one subject was withdrawn on Day 4 as his urine production over the previous 24 h was 130 ml and if not withdrawn and rehydrated this may have led to renal failure. Other medical problems suffered by the subjects during the 7 days included diarrhea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, headaches, and back pains, and, following the trial, non-freezing cold injuries to their feet. It is concluded that the rations are not adequate and could compromise the submariners ability to survive for 7 days in these conditions and during a subsequent escape procedure.
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PMID:Findings from a simulated disabled submarine survival trial. 1141 57

Cerebral sinus thrombosis (CST) is known to be related to a number of underlying aetiologies including otitis media, trauma, pregnancy, birth control pills, tumours, malnutrition, dehydration, haematologic disorders and malignancy (Fishman, 2000; Raizer and Abbott, 2000). We present the case of a patient with breast cancer receiving the antioestrogen drug tamoxifen who developed CST. A 40-year-old female presented as an emergency with a 10-day history of headache and left sided weakness. On questioning her past medical history included a diagnosis of breast cancer 3 years ago treated by radical mastectomy and tamoxifen 20 mg daily. At the time of admission, neurologic examination revealed a mild left sided hemiparesis and a present Babinksi sign. Non-contrast enhanced tomography was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus, right lateral sinus and jugular vein in addition venous infarction in the right temporal lobe was present (Figs 1a and b). Routine haematology and biochemistry was normal. Anticoagulation tests, antithrombin III, protein S and C levels were also found to be normal. She was treated with anticoagulation therapy and her hemiparesis improved within 3 days. Control MRI showed the resorption of the venous infarction and resolution of the thrombosis (Fig. 1c).
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PMID:A case with cerebral thrombosis receiving tamoxifen treatment. 1178 61

In order to define current issues and outcomes of living kidney donation, 100 consecutive living donors operated on between July 1996 and March 2001 were evaluated. The 64 women and 36 men ranged in age from 19 to 72 yr (mean 42.5 yr), and 65 were related to the recipient while 35 were unrelated donors. Hospital admission the morning of surgery and use of a minimal open approach to the donor kidney were standard, as were post-operative epidural pain control and plans for short hospital stay. The 100 donors were hospitalized for 2 (25), 3 (48), 4 (18), 5 (8), or 6 (1) days, with an average length of stay of 3.12 d (range 2-6 d). The mean charge for kidney donor hospitalization was 14,470 dollars (range 9671-22,808 dollars). There were no major intra or immediate post-operative complications. Six rehospitalizations occurred for post-donation nausea, vomiting, dehydration (n = 2); spinal headache; pneumonia and wound haematoma; and late wound reexploration (one hernia and one nerve entrapment). All donors returned to pre-operative functional status within 6 d to 6 wk of donation. All kidneys functioned immediately in the 100 recipients (50 women, 50 men) who averaged 46.6 yr of age (range 17-69 yr); recipient length of stay averaged 3.81 d (range 2-15 d). All donors survived in excellent health; recipient graft and patient survival, respectively, are 87 and 90% through the entire 5-yr period. Excellent long-term outcomes for living kidney donors may be accomplished using minimal open surgical technique, post-operative epidural pain control and plans for a brief hospitalization. Expansion of living donor resources in renal transplant programs may grow as unrelated kidney donation and non-directed donation as well as minimally invasive (open and laparoscopic) techniques evolve.
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PMID:One hundred consecutive living kidney donors: modern issues and outcomes. 1237 47


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