Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was reported at the 1995 Second National Retrovirus Conference that AIDS has now surpassed unintentional injury as the leading cause of death for male Americans between the ages of 25 to 44, and for women, AIDS is fourth behind unintentional injury. A study of multidrug resistant tuberculosis that showed improved survival rates as long as appropriate therapy began within four weeks of diagnosis was also presented. The current recommendation is to consider the PPD skin test positive in persons with HIV if the bump that appears is over five millimeters in diameter. A new ganciclovir implant study demonstrated the implant's effectiveness in preventing CMV disease progression with low rates of complications, suggesting implants should probably replace intravenous ganciclovir as maintenance therapy. Another study demonstrated the effectiveness of cidofovir as a treatment for CMV infection, indicating that cidofovir was appropriate as a salvage therapy for those failing ganciclovir and foscarnet. In vitro studies involving Taxol and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) show partial responses (55 percent), and some disease stabilization (40 percent). Four of five patients with pulmonary KS responded with clearance of tumor lesions. The first randomized trial involving Loviride with zidovudine has shown a sustained increase in CD4 cells with headache, nausea, and diarrhea as the most common side effects. Preliminary assessments reveal a reduction in viral load using the combination as opposed to monotherapy. Additional Loviride combination trials are being planned in Europe.
 ...
PMID:Second National Retrovirus conference: a further report. 1136 59

HIV-positive patients are prone to many illnesses due to their weakened immune systems. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and tuberculosis (TB) both cause respiratory difficulties, as well as fatigue, scratchy throat and weight loss. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes changes in vision. Cryptococcal meningitis and toxoplasmosis share symptoms of acute headaches, confusion and memory loss. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) causes red and purple skin legions to appear. Candidiasis symptoms reveal themselves in oral, esophagal and vaginal forms. Other AIDS-related diseases and symptoms are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Self-detection of symptoms]. 1136 15

The efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) in the reduction of opportunistic disease in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection are assessed. A 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase III trial of rIFN-gamma in HIV-positive patients with CD4 < 100 x 10(9)/liter on stable antiretroviral therapy. Eighty-four patients were allocated treatment on a 1:1 basis to rIFN-gamma or placebo. Patients received rIFN-gamma 0.05 mg/m(2) or 0.9% saline subcutaneously three times weekly for 48 weeks (optional extension to 18 months). The primary end point was the incidence of opportunist infections (CDC categories B/C). Secondary end points included mortality, immunological, and virological parameters. Patients on placebo had a mean of 3.45 opportunist infections (OIs) in the first 48 weeks. Patients treated with rIFN-gamma had a mean of 1.71 OIs (p = 0.04). However, the model showed overdispersion and the inclusion of a dispersion factor raised the p value to 0.13. rIFN-gamma appeared to have a particular effect on the incidence of Candida, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus infections. Three-year survival in the rIFN-gamma arm was 28% compared to 18% in the placebo group (not significant). rIFN-gamma-associated side-effects of headache, fatigue, rigors, influenza-like symptoms, depression, myalgia, and granulocytopenia were reversible. There was no evidence for HIV activation. Although not significant, the trend towards decreased opportunistic infections and increased survival warrants consideration of further trials of rIFN-gamma. The study gives additional information on the safety profile of this cytokine.
 ...
PMID:A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease. 1142 20

Valganciclovir is a prodrug of ganciclovir which has been developed for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with AIDS. Oral valganciclovir is rapidly absorbed and hydrolysed to ganciclovir. The oral bioavailability of ganciclovir after oral valganciclovir administration is high. Oral valganciclovir 900 mg provides a daily exposure of ganciclovir comparable to that of intravenous ganciclovir 5 mg/kg. A single, randomised, nonblind study indicated that oral valganciclovir (900mg twice daily for 3 weeks then 900 mg once daily) and intravenous ganciclovir (5 mg/kg twice daily for 3 weeks then 5 mg/kg once daily) were equally effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed CMV retinitis in 160 patients with AIDS. Valganciclovir appears to have a similar tolerability profile to intravenous ganciclovir during induction therapy in patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed CMV retinitis. During maintenance therapy with valganciclovir, the most commonly reported adverse events included neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal (including diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain), fever, headache, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, paraesthesia and retinal detachment.
 ...
PMID:Valganciclovir. 1146 75

A 10-year-old girl with M2 acute myeloid leukemia underwent an unrelated cord blood transplantation in refractory first relapse. On day +13, after 48 hours with fever, she showed a measles-like rash, and on day +15, she began experiencing neurologic symptoms (headache, tremors, weakness, nystagmus, mild confusion, speaking, taste, and behavior disturbances, and focal seizures). She also had amnesia for recent events with disability to learn, mimicking Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Computed tomography of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electroencephalogram were nonspecific. We found human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA in CSF and cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Treatment with ganciclovir and foscarnet was effective, with total resolution of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Herpesvirus-6 encephalitis complicated by Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a pediatric recipient of unrelated cord blood transplantation. 1190 11

1263W94 [maribavir; 5,6-dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1, beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1-H-benzimidazole], a novel benzimidazole compound, has been demonstrated to potently and selectively inhibit human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro and to have favorable safety profiles in animal species. Two phase I trials evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of escalating single doses of 1263W94 in 13 healthy subjects (dose, 50 to 1,600 mg) and 17 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects (dose, 100 to 1,600 mg). No severe safety concerns were observed in the evaluation of adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and clinical laboratory tests following administration of a single dose of 1263W94. The most frequently reported adverse events in both populations were taste disturbance (80%) and headache (53%). 1263W94 was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, with peak concentrations in plasma (C(max)) occurring 1 to 3 h after dosing. The increases in the C(max) of 1263W94 and the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0- infinity )) for 1263W94 were dose dependent; C(max) increased slightly less than proportionally to the dose, and AUC(0- infinity ) increased slightly more than proportionally to the dose. 1263W94 was rapidly eliminated, with a mean half-life in plasma of 3 to 5 h; the half-life was independent of the dose level. Less than 2% of the 1263W94 dose administered was eliminated unchanged in urine. The principal metabolite of 1263W94 was 4469W94 (which is derived by N-dealkylation of 1263W94 via CYP3A4), which accounted for 30 to 40% of the dose in urine. Greater than 98% of the 1263W94 in plasma is bound to proteins, and the extent of binding appears to be constant over the dose range of 200 to 1,600 mg. In the trial with HIV-infected subjects, consumption of a high-fat meal decreased the 1263W94 AUC(0- infinity ) and C(max) in plasma by approximately 30%.
 ...
PMID:Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic trials of 1263W94, a novel oral anti-human cytomegalovirus agent, in healthy and human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. 1265 67

A 9-year-old boy who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation began to vomit from day 10 after transplantation. In addition to vomiting, the patient had a fever (from day 26) and severe headache (from day 34). His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (day 41) demonstrated pleocytosis with an absence of leukemic cells. Although the patient's symptoms were resolved with further supportive care, abrupt onset of bilateral decreased vision occurred at day 54. He was diagnosed with bilateral optic neuritis, due to the presence of disc edema and redness. Concomitant with the occurrence of aseptic meningitis, the human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) antibody titer increased significantly in this patient. Although neither HHV-6 nor cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was detected in CSF collected at day 41, HHV-7 DNA was detected in the sample. Viral DNA was not detected in CSF collected at day 93.
 ...
PMID:Human herpesvirus 7-associated meningitis and optic neuritis in a patient after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. 1276 8

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), a beta herpesvirus closely related to cytomegalovirus (CMV), infects the majority of the population in childhood. Human herpesvirus-6 can be reactivated in the immunosuppressed patient. After bone marrow and orthotopic liver transplant, it has been linked to various clinical syndromes, including undifferentiated febrile illness, encephalitis, pneumonitis and bone marrow suppression. To date its infectious role after orthotopic heart transplant has not been well documented. We present the case of a 32-year-old cardiac transplant recipient who initially presented 8 weeks after his transplant with high fever and headache. He developed increasing confusion, pulmonary infiltrates and neutropenia. Cytomegalovirus viral loads were negative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood and cerebrospinal fluid detected HHV-6 DNA, consistent with HHV-6-related encephalitis, pneumonitis and bone marrow suppression. He was treated with foscarnet with gradual improvement in clinical status. We review the literature on the significance of this virus post cardiac transplant.
 ...
PMID:Encephalitis owing to human herpesvirus-6 after cardiac transplant. 1519 83

Presented here is the case of an immunocompetent pregnant woman with probable cytomegalovirus encephalitis. The clinical picture was characterized by diffuse headache, drowsiness and the development of an acute confused state. Diagnosis was based on the documentation of recent cytomegalovirus seroconversion with low avidity for the immunoglobulin G class antibodies. Initially, the diagnosis of encephalitis was challenging due to the subtle findings in cerebrospinal fluid and the normal electroencephalograph results. However, repeated tests revealed findings compatible with the diagnosis of encephalitis. Due to the suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis the patient was treated with acyclovir. Within a few days rapid resolution of the fever and complete recovery were observed. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis should be considered early in the evaluation of pregnant women if appropriate clinical symptoms are present.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in an immunocompetent pregnant woman. 1522 16

We present a retrospective clinical study of 18 cases of new daily persistent headache (NDPH), a rare chronic headache, included in the fourth chapter of the II IHS classification; the pathophysiology of NDPH is unknown but a link with viral infections (especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)) has been suggested. Comparing our series with the other two published until now, we did not find any particular difference, as regards to clinical aspects. However, our laboratory tests show a recent herpes simplex virus infection in 42% and cytomegalovirus in 11% of cases; moreover we could not find any EBV infection. Our data suggest that viruses other than EBV can play a role in NDPH.
 ...
PMID:New daily persistent headache: clinical and serological characteristics in a retrospective study. 1554 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>