Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 18-year-old female presented with two seizures induced by photic stimulation. She had a positive family history for migraine and a history of febrile convulsions. Since the age of 13 she had suffered from migraine attacks with aura. A brain computerized tomography with contrast enhancement was negative and several electroencephalograms showed a photoparoxysmal response. At the age of 18 she had a partial secondary generalized seizure after photic stimulation during routine electroencephalogram. The onset of seizure was in the occipital region. Two days later, the patient presented with a typical migrainous attack with aura. Interictal apomorphine test (1.5 mg s.c.) blocked the photoparoxysmal response. According to Quesnay, dopaminergic failure of the occipital cortex may account for both epileptic and migraine features.
Cephalalgia 1991 Jul
PMID:Migraine with aura and photosensitive epileptic seizures: a case report. 188 72

Part I. The EEG recordings of 434 patients were activated by graded sleep deprivation. In clinically manifest epilepsies with a predominantly negative EEG tracing at rest the incidence of epileptic manifestations increased after sleep deprivation from 18.03% to 59.01%, in clinically suspect epilepsies from 6.4% to 39.0%. In other paroxysmal affections such as febrile convulsions, syncopes and collapses, paroxysms of abdominal pain or headaches, affective paroxysms and nocturnal terrors, the tracing activation by sleep deprivation mostly facilitated differential diagnosis between those affections and epilepsy. In organic cerebral affections with or without epileptic seizures activation by sleep deprivation led to an increase in the occurrence of epileptic manifestations from 11.4% to 50.0% of the recordings. The authors conclude that graded sleep deprivation is a very useful activation method for the diagnosis of epilepsy. Part II. The authors studied the occurrence of generalized 2-5 Hz high-amplitude slow wave episodes in 244 patients before and after sleep deprivation. They found such episodes in the resting recordings of 37 patients and in the post-deprivation recordings of 85 patients. The described episodes were mostly observed during sleepiness and superficial sleep. They were significantly more frequent in children and adolescents than in adults. The occurrence of slow wave episodes was ascertained in epileptic as well as non-epileptic affections such as affective attacks in children, night terrors, paroxysms of abdominal pain or headaches, febrile convulsions and organic brain affections without epileptic seizures. The authors conclude that the above episodes are a non-specific manifestation of increased susceptibility to paroxysmal synchronization of EEG rhythms. Their occurrence in young children can, however, be considered normal.
 ...
PMID:Activation of EEG recordings by graded sleep deprivation. 242 21

In order to examine the cranial CT of autistic children and investigate the etiological significance of CT scan findings, the CT of the brain was surveyed in 24 children with early infantile autism (3 to 17 years with a mean age of 7.6), and 179 children with the normal CT despite their medical histories such as headaches or febrile convulsions. According to their ages, the autistic and normal children were divided into the following three groups: Group I (age ranging from 3 to 5), Group II (age: 6 to 9) and Group III (age: 10 to 17). There was no significant difference between the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Group III, the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children was significantly higher than that of the normal children. There was no significant difference between the bicaudate CVI of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Groups I and II, the bicaudate CVI of the autistic children was significantly lower than that of the normal children. The maximum widths of the third ventricle showed no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. However, in Groups II and III, those of the autistic children were wider than those of the normal children. In the autistic children, as the age increases, the difference becomes significantly wider. A positive correlation was observed between the width of the third ventricle and ages of the autistic children. An examination of the right-left ratio of maximum transverse diameter of the brain showed that there was no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. The above-mentioned results (1)-4)) might suggest a progressive disorder of the brain structure surrounding the third ventricle or lateral ventricles in the autistic children.
 ...
PMID:Computed tomography of the brain in children with early infantile autism. 633 53

Febrile convulsions, afebrile seizures and headache are common acute problems in child neurology. The first steps of a practical approach by physicians in recognizing and treating these neurologic diseases are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Neuropediatric emergencies]. 797 88

We report the findings of a total population survey of Thugbah community in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (SA) to determine its point prevalence of neurological diseases. During this two-phase door-to-door study, all Saudi nationals living in Thugbah were first screened by trained interviewers using a pretested questionnaire (sensitivity 98%, specificity 89%) administered at a face-to-face interview. Individuals with abnormal responses were then evaluated by a neurologist using specific guidelines and defined diagnostic criteria to document neurological disease. The questionnaire was readministered blind by a neurologist to all those with abnormal responses and a 1-in-20 random sample of those without abnormal responses, respectively. The family members of an individual with an abnormal response were also screened to improve accuracy. A total of 23,227 Saudis (98% of the eligible subjects) were screened and those residing in Thugbah on the reference date (22,630) were used to calculate the point prevalence rates. Forty-two percent of those screened were in the first decade of life and only 1.5% were more than 60 years old. There were marginally more females (50.2%) than males (49.8%). Consanguineous marriages especially between first cousins were present in 54.6%. The demographic characteristics of Thugbah community were similar to those in other parts of SA. The overall crude prevalence ratio (PR) for all forms of neurological disease was 131/1,000 population. All subsequent PRs are per 1,000 population. Headache syndromes were the most prevalent disorder (PR 20.7). The PR for all seizure disorders was 7.60, and the epilepsies (6.54) were more frequent than febrile convulsions (0.84). Mental retardation, cerebral palsy syndrome, and microcephaly were common pediatric problems with PRs of 6.27, 5.30 and 1.99, respectively. Stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease were uncommon with respective PRs of 1.8, 0.27 and 0.22. Central nervous system (CNS) malformations (0.49) such as hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele were more prevalent than spinal muscular atrophy (0.13), congenital brachial palsy (0.13) and narcolepsy (0.04). Multiple sclerosis was rare (0.04). Osteoarthritis and low back pain syndromes were the main non-neurological conditions seen. The major medical diseases that may be neurologically relevant were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and connective tissue disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A community survey of neurological disorders in Saudi Arabia: the Thugbah study. 827 77

Febrile seizures and migraine headaches in children are two of the most common neurological diagnoses seen by primary care practitioners. It is essential that a knowledge base be developed to better care for this population. This article reviews pediatric febrile seizures, including management and treatment recommendations and childhood headaches, with an emphasis on migraine headaches. Diagnosis, management, and referral criteria are also reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric febrile seizures and childhood headaches in primary care. 1067 70

Although there are a variety of neurologic disease processes that the emergency physician should be aware of the most common of these include seizures, closed head injury, headache, and syncope. When one is evaluating a patient who has had a seizure, differentiating between febrile seizures, afebrile seizures, and SE helps to determine the extent of the work-up. Febrile seizures are typically benign, although a diagnosis of meningitis must not be missed. Educating parents regarding the likelihood of future seizures, and precautions to be taken should a subsequent seizure be witnessed, is important. The etiology of a first-time afebrile seizure varies with the patient's age at presentation, and this age-specific differential drives the diagnostic work-up. A follow-up EEG is often indicated, and imaging studies can appropriate on a nonurgent basis. Appropriate management of SE requires a paradigm of escalating pharmacologic therapy, and early consideration of transport for pediatric intensive care services if the seizure cannot be controlled with conventional three-tiered therapy. Closed head injury frequently is seen in the pediatric emergency care setting. The absence of specific clinical criteria to guide the need for imaging makes management of these children more difficult. A thorough history and physical examination is important to uncover risk factors that prompt emergent imaging. Headaches are best approached by assessing the temporal course, associated symptoms, and the presence of persistent neurologic signs. Most patients ultimately are diagnosed with either a tension or migraine headache; however, in those patients with a chronic progressive headache course, an intracranial process must be addressed and pursued with appropriate imaging. Syncope has multiple causes but can generally be categorized as autonomic, cardiac, or noncardiac. Although vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope, vigilance is required to identify those patients with a potentially fatal arrhythmia or with heart disease that predisposes to hypoperfusion. As such, all patients who present with syncope should have an ECG. Additional work-up studies are guided by the results of individual history and physical examination.
 ...
PMID:Common emergent pediatric neurologic problems. 1182 32

A population-based neuroepidemiological survey of 102,557 individuals in urban and rural Bangalore in Southern India was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of neurological disorders. The study population included subjects from urban (51,502) and rural (51,055) areas, identified through a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Trained social workers administered the screening questionnaire, which had been tested and validated in an earlier pilot study and a neurologist examined the individuals who screened positive. Adults, children (<15 years) and elderly adults (>60 years) constituted 61, 34 and 5% of the study group, respectively. There was a distinct difference in education, occupation and income levels between urban and rural areas with all these parameters being lower in the rural population. In the surveyed population, 3,206 individuals with neurological disorders were detected resulting in crude and age-adjusted prevalence rates of 3,126 and 3,355 per 100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence rate among children, middle-aged (31-40 years) and elderly adults was 2,653, 3,932 and 5,012 per 100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence of neurological disorders among women (3,617) was higher compared with men (2,657). The prevalence rate in urban and rural populations was 2,190 and 4,070/1,00,000, respectively, implying that neurological disorders were twice as frequent in rural areas as in urban areas. The prevalence rates per 100,000 population of the most frequent disorders in the descending order of frequency were: headache (1,119), epilepsy (883), febrile convulsions (330), cerebrovascular disorder (150), and mental retardation (142). This large-scale population-based survey provides data that will be crucial for developing hospital and community-based neurological services in India and other developing countries.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of neurological disorders in Bangalore, India: a community-based study with a comparison between urban and rural areas. 1529 91

Intracranial lipoma is a very rare condition, with an incidence of less than 0.1% of all intracranial tumors. They are mostly localized in the pericallosal region. Pericallosal lipoma is an extremely rare tumor of the central nervous system and rarely gives any symptoms. A 6-year-old girl with an unexplained headache was admitted to the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic with complaints of non-febrile seizure. Her seizure was a complex-partial type. Biochemical tests for seizure etiology did not reveal any specific cause. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed typical epileptic activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gave images of a mass approximately 1 cm in diameter in the vicinity of corpus callosum splenium. Her seizures were kept under control with carbamazepine (400 mg/day) and indicators of neuromotor development were found to be normal throughout 24-month period of follow up. Even though it is a rare condition, pericallosal lipoma should also be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of non-febrile seizures in children.
 ...
PMID:Non-febrile seizure associated with pericallosal lipoma. 1916 23

Acute encephalitis/encephalopathy is a life-threatening disease, and early diagnosis is important. The acute encephalitis/encephalopathy is characterized by impaired consciousness, delirium, convulsion, pyrexia, vomiting, headache, paralysis and so on. We need to distinguish various diseases with similar symptoms, such as febrile seizure, bacterial meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, cerebrovascular disease, non-convulsive status epilepticus, benign convulsion with gastroenteritis, hypoglycemia, inherited metabolic disease, toxicosis, heat attack, somatoform disorder and so on, from acute encephalitis/encephalopathy. We describe the features of these diseases in point of view with difference from acute encephalitis/encephalopathy. A synthetic and prompt evaluation including medical interview, neurological sign, blood examination, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, spinal fluid examination, electroencephalogram, is necessary to diagnose as acute encephalitis/encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis for diseases similar to acute encephalitis/encephalopathy]. 2140 Aug 45


1 2 Next >>