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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of an open randomised trial comparing the efficacy of parenteral and oral ofloxacin with that of amoxycillin clavulanate are reported. Of 121 patients enrolled, 92 were clinically evaluable, of whom 59 were treated with ofloxacin and 33 with amoxycillin clavulanate. In the ofloxacin group all patients improved clinically, while in the amoxycillin clavulanate group 94% improved and 6% were clinical failures. In the ofloxacin group 95% showed satisfactory bacteriological response, while in the amoxicillin clavulanate group the bacteriological response was judged satisfactory in 82% of the patients. Seven percent of the patients had mild side effects (headache, nausea, vomiting and skin rashes). All of these side effects disappeared after treatment. We conclude that ofloxacin is a safe and effective drug in oral and parenteral forms for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
Infection 1991
PMID:Sequential therapy with i.v. and oral ofloxacin in lower respiratory tract infections: a comparative study. 180 87

Leptospirosis is a widely-distributed infectious disease, that usually presents with fever, headache and myalgia. Organ involvement could have very different severity degree. We evaluate 21 patients with leptospirosis looking for prognostic and diagnostic value of myalgia and/or elevated creatine-phosphokinase serum levels. Myalgia was recorded in nearly all patients (91%). Creatine-phosphokinase levels above normal limits were seen in 37% of cases, either in severe forms of leptospirosis with organ involvement or in mild forms of disease. We conclude that creatine-phosphokinase elevated levels could be of early diagnosis interest but they are not solely seen in the more severe forms of the disease.
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PMID:[Creatine phosphokinase in leptospirosis]. 182 8

Six cases of cerebral occlusive disease in children were reported. The cerebral arterial occlusive disease had its onset at the age of less than 4 years, except for one case of a 9 year-old. The causes of occlusion were, trauma in two cases, infectious disease in one case, intraarterial myxoma in one case and an unknown reason in two cases. Initial symptoms were sudden onset of hemiplegia in 5 cases, and headache in one case. Angiography revealed stenosis of the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery, or of the anterior cerebral artery in 4 cases. Angiographical manifestations of stenosis in 4 cases were classified into two types, diffuse stenosis and localized stenosis. No stenotic changes were demonstrated in two cases, in which CT revealed a small low density area in the putamen. Follow up angiogram in three cases revealed improvement of stenosis. Though therapy in all cases was conservative, their prognosis is not so poor as had been considered. As the rate of recanalization in children was assumed to be high as compared with adult cases, it was considered that surgical revascularization in the acute stage had to be undergone very carefully.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of cerebral infarction in children]. 189 Oct 54

This is a report on an eight-year-old girl who presented with facial palsy, headache, fatigue, arthralgias and myalgias six weeks after two tick bites. Physical examination was unremarkable with the exception of a left-sided facial palsy. Laboratory investigation revealed normal complete blood count, ESR and CRP. The spinal tap showed a protein of 63 mg/dl, glucose 45 mg/dl and no cells. IFT titres to Borrelia burgdorferi in serum and CSF were significantly elevated. The diagnosis was supported by Western blot analysis. Treatment was started with ceftriaxone i.v. for a total of 14 days. Under this therapeutic regimen the patient improved substantially within five days. Investigation of CSF in patients with facial palsy may help to establish the diagnosis of Lyme disease by simultaneously measuring IFT to B. burgdorferi in serum and spinal fluid, even in cases where CSF shows little or no signs of inflammation.
Infection
PMID:Facial palsy with elevated protein in otherwise normal CSF in a child with Lyme disease. 191 37

In this open study the efficacy and tolerability of rufloxacin in a single dose of 400 mg the first day and 200 mg the nine consecutive days was studied in 26 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for efficacy. Four patients stopped treatment prematurely after five days because of clinical cure. At the enrollment visit a pathogen was isolated in the sputum sample in 19 of 22 evaluable patients. The predominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In 17 of these 19 bacteriologically evaluable patients the initial infecting organism was eradicated from specimens obtained within 48 hours after the end of therapy. There was one case of persistent infection caused by S. pneumoniae (MIC 4 mg/l), one patient had a superinfection with Serratia marcescens (MIC 1 mg/l) susceptible to rufloxacin and therapy was stopped after five days due to clinical failure. One week after the end of therapy, 15 patients remained free from infection whilst one patient experienced reinfection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 0.5 mg/l). Clinical cure or improvement was observed in 21 of 22 patients. Mild adverse events were reported by two of 26 enrolled patients. In one patient, complaining of headache and dizziness, the adverse events were considered possibly study drug related. No abnormal laboratory findings were reported. Nadir plasma levels of rufloxacin were measured and no accumulation in plasma was observed during treatment. A ten day course of an oral single dose of rufloxacin proved efficacious and was well tolerated in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection
PMID:Rufloxacin once daily in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 191 50

We analysed two of our own and 21 patients described in the literature with listeria brainstem encephalitis. The disease was characterised by a prodromal state with fever, nausea and headache followed by severe brainstem dysfunction with multiple cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, respiratory insufficiency and coma. The diagnosis was established by isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from CSF and/or serum. Serological tests are without diagnostic evidence. Cerebrospinal fluid examination may not initially point to a bacterial infection. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging technique might supply evidence of brainstem involvement and contribute to an early diagnosis. There is a high percentage of lethal outcome without early antibiotic therapy.
Infection
PMID:Listeria brainstem encephalitis: two own cases and literature review. 201 6

An outbreak of epidemic hysteria, in which 210 students at a North Carolina elementary school became ill and 102 were evaluated in hospital emergency departments, is described in terms of an outbreak of infectious disease. The outbreak began when a radiator boiler was fired for the first time in the 1985-1986 school year. The most common symptoms were headache, light-headedness, abdominal pain, and nausea; anxiety was later proposed to be the agent of illness. The outbreak appeared to have propagated by friend-to-friend transmission of anxiety within social (grade, race, and sex) cohorts, and by other audiovisual cues in the absence of person-to-person contact. An environmental survey found no plausible toxic or infectious cause of the outbreak. Separation of vectors and susceptible hosts preceded recovery from the outbreak, and reassurance and discussion of the findings of the investigating team with students, teachers, and parents may have prevented the recurrence of symptoms by alleviating anxiety.
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PMID:Patterns of transmission of epidemic hysteria in a school. 208 Dec 51

While headache frequently arises from local dysfunction, there are many systemic diseases in which headache may be the initial or sole manifestation of the underlying process. These include infectious disease, vascular disease, drug or heavy metal intoxication, metabolic abnormalities, migraine, cluster headache, headache associated with ENT disease and cranial neuralgias (these disease entities are described in detail in the International Headache Society Classification). The work up of a patient with headache must include a consideration of these entities.
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PMID:Headache as an initial manifestation of systemic disease. 209 55

A-16-year old boy was admitted with fever, headache, dysuria, and brown-colored urine. The patient presented with hemorrhagic cystitis and bronchopneumonia. Infection with adenovirus was confirmed by detection of viral DNA in the patient's urine by the hybridisation technique.
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PMID:[Adenovirus infection with hemorrhagic cystitis and pneumonia. Pathogen confirmation in urine by genome hybridization]. 216 27

Elevated (greater than 3.0 nmol/l) cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentrations were observed in 20 of 21 patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis compared with three of 11 control patients with headache, back pain or psychoneurotic disorders. Neopterin concentrations were correlated to mononuclear cell counts and protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Following antibiotic treatment, CSF neopterin levels decreased. Serum neopterin levels were not significantly raised in patients with neuroborreliosis when compared to control subjects. Neopterin levels as well as cell count and protein concentration in the CSF are valuable inflammation markers of disease activity in Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Infection
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid and serum neopterin levels in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. 221 Aug 52


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