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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The classes of antihistaminic agents, their pharmacology and therapeutic uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, toxic overdoses and abuse are reviewed. It is concluded that antihistamines are valuable drugs for treating a number of conditions and diseases (e.g. allergic rhinitis, motion sickness and parkinsonism), but proof of efficacy has not been established for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, peptic ulcers, insomnia and headaches. Because responses to antihistamines may vary, titration of each patient's dose is recommended.
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PMID:Pharmacology and therapeutic use of antihistamines. 1 85

The effect of prostaglandin E1 and 17 phenyl trinor PGE2 on nasal patency has been studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with vasomotor and allergic rhinitis. Both drugs applied topically increased nasal patency. The effect of a single dose of either compound lasted for several hours. Prostaglandin E1 produced nasal irritation and throbbing, lacrimation, headache and sore throat. Except for occasional brief nasal irritation, these side effects were not encountered with 17 phenyl trinor PGE2.
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PMID:Effect of topical prostaglandins on nasal patency in man. 7 9

250 adults were checked-up 1 to 19 years following submucous septal resection, most of them after 4 to 6 years. In two thirds of these cases the nasal obstruction was abolished, and in 60 to 80 per cent sequelae of nasal blockage (otitis, non-specific rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis) were reduced or healed. The positive influence of the resection on allergic rhinitis and headache was less (20 to 40%). 33 per cent of the patients complained of permanent nasal obstruction instead of surgery. In 45 per cent of these cases the obstruction appeared with a postoperative delay of 6 months and more! Deviation of the anterior septal remnant is the most frequent reason for obstruction. Other negative sequelae following submucous resection are atrophy of the mucosa (45%), hyperplasia of the inferior tubinates (38%), excessive mobility of the septum (13%), perforations (9%), and saddling of the cartilaginous nasal roof (7%). A comparison of the long-term results following submucous resection and following septoplasty show the better results by septoplasty.
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PMID:[Long-term results of submucous septal resection (author's transl)]. 72 91

A role of nutrients in the onset of migraine and other gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea), skin reactions (rush, atopic dermatitis, Quincke'a edema), respiratory symptoms (bronchial asthma, cough, allergic rhinitis, polyps, congestion of the nasal mucosa), motion system disorders (jointache and edema), gynecological disorders (chronic and recurrent adnexitis), and sleep disorders together with emotional tension and behavioral disturbances has been assessed in 17 patients with atopy. Migraine attacks have been produced most frequently by cow milk (in 10 out of 17 patients), cabbage, flour and eggs in 5 patients, preservatives, cottage and Swiss cheese, porcine meat in 4 patients, colorants and chocolate in 3 patients, beef, strawberries, lemons and butter in 2 patients. Other nutrients produced headache in single patients. Migraine and other symptoms have diminished after an individual elimination diet. Recurrence has been noted after each consumption of allergen except one female patient with EEG abnormalities. Immunoglobulins E have been involved in headache-producing mechanism in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Migraine as one of the symptoms of food allergy]. 135 12

Fluticasone propionate is a potent topical anti-inflammatory corticosteroid with low systemic activity. Available pharmacodynamic data are only preliminary; however, large placebo- and drug-controlled clinical studies involving almost 4000 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and 1500 with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis have confirmed the efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate in the control of nasal symptoms. Fluticasone propionate generally demonstrated similar efficacy compared with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate, flunisolide acetonide and oral astemizole and better or a trend towards better efficacy compared with oral loratadine, terfenadine, cetirizine and intranasal sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) against nasal symptoms. The incidence of adverse effects in association with intranasal fluticasone propionate appears to be comparable to that observed with placebo; the most frequently reported effects are nasal dryness/burning, epistaxis and headache. Consistent with its minimal systemic availability, intranasal fluticasone propionate in a dosage of up to 4 mg/day does not cause adrenal suppression. Thus, based on early data from large clinical trials, fluticasone propionate administered once daily offers an effective and convenient treatment option in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, and is distinguished by its low oral bioavailability.
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PMID:Intranasal fluticasone propionate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in allergic rhinitis. 137 51

In a double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy of 120 mg terfenadine taken orally once daily with that of the conventional regimen of 60 mg terfenadine taken twice daily, 30 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were enrolled. Groups of 15 patients were treated for 7 days with either 60 mg terfenadine twice daily, morning and evening, or 120 mg terfenadine once daily in the morning and placebo in the evening. The physician detected marked to total relief of symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal pruritus and nasal obstruction) at similar rates (60% and 66%) in the two groups and patients in both groups reported a reduction in symptoms. The incidence of reported side-effects (sedation and mild headache) was low and not significantly different using either regimen. The results indicate that the new once-daily regimen of terfenadine was as effective and as well tolerated as the twice-daily regimen for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Comparison of terfenadine once daily with terfenadine twice daily for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. 167 1

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, placebo-controlled acute study of Rynatan (8 mg chlorpheniramine tannate, 25 mg pyrilamine tannate, 25 mg phenylephrine tannate) in 104 volunteers with allergic rhinitis. Subjects reported to City Park on a Saturday morning during the height of the grass pollen season in late spring and remained in the park for eight hours that day and on the following day. Cards were completed hourly to evaluate symptoms of allergic rhinitis and adverse experiences caused by therapy. The first three cards completed on Saturday morning were used to demonstrate that each subject had had at least minimal symptoms of allergic rhinitis and to determine baseline symptoms. Rynatan or placebo was given at noon and 7:30 PM that day and at 8:30 AM the next day. Subjects completed symptom cards hourly until 4:30 PM on Saturday, three cards that evening, and eight cards hourly the next day until 4:30 PM. The group receiving Rynatan had significantly more allergic rhinitis symptom relief than the placebo group (P = .003). More subjects in the Rynatan group (34/52) reported global symptom improvement than did subjects in the placebo group (18/52, P = .002). There were no significant severe adverse experiences and no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in incidence or severity of drowsiness, dizziness, jitteriness, headache, or nausea. We conclude that Rynatan is safe and effective in treating acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis in otherwise healthy adult subjects.
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PMID:Randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety of Rynatan in the treatment of allergic rhinitis using an acute model. 240 33

Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammatory disease affecting nasal mucous membranes, most frequently caused by viral infections. Complications include secondary bacterial invasion. Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Antibiotics should be prescribed only when significant bacterial infection is demonstrated. Local vasoactive drugs should not be used but occasionally their oral administration can be effective. Hypertrophic and atrophic forms may be differentiated among chronic rhinitis. Hypertrophic forms include congestive, hiperplastic and allergic lesions of nasal and sinus mucous membranes. Allergic rhinitis should be treated with antihistamines, descongestants and avoidance of allergen. The atrophic forms with crust formation and foul breath are usually managed with local flushings of 9% sodium chloride in water followed by instillation of fluid vaseline, but in some resistant cases reduction of intranasal space by surgical insertion of acrylic pieces is recommended. Nasal obstruction, foul odor, dryness sensation and headache are usually controlled in 90% of these surgically treated patients.
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PMID:[Rhinitis]. 269 28

Seventy patients received loratadine 40 mg once daily, terfenadine 60 mg twice daily, or placebo in a 14-day, double-blind, randomized study. Four nasal and four non-nasal symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis were evaluated. At the endpoint (the last evaluable visit), the mean total scores of combined nasal and non-nasal symptoms decreased (improved) from the baseline by 51.8% and 55.7% with loratadine and terfenadine, respectively, but increased (worsened) by 6.1% with placebo. There was a significant difference between both the loratadine and terfenadine treatment groups and the placebo group (P = 0.001) but not between the active medication groups (P = 0.608). Overall therapeutic response was good or excellent in 14 of the 23 patients given loratadine, in 18 of the 24 given terfenadine and in none of the 23 given placebo. The difference between each active medication group and the placebo group was significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) but there was no significant difference between the two active treatment groups (P greater than 0.35). No loratadine patient had any adverse side-effects. Sedating effects occurred in one terfenadine patient, headache in one placebo patient and two terfenadine patients (one terfenadine patient with severe headache discontinued treatment), and dyspepsia in two placebo patients. No anti-cholinergic effects occurred in this study. Loratadine 40 mg once daily was effective and safe in the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Loratadine (SCH29851) 40 mg once daily versus terfenadine 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 288 52

This double-blind, randomized, crossover study compared the incidence of nasal burning and stinging, as well as overall tolerability of the currently marketed formulation of Rhinalar (original formulation) to a new formulation of Rhinalar containing less propylene glycol. In addition, patient and investigator subjective evaluations were used to compare the effectiveness of the test medications in controlling the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in this 4-week trial. Each patient received one formulation of Rhinalar for 2 weeks and then crossed over to receive the alternate formulation for an additional 2 weeks. Eighteen patients withdrew from the trial prematurely. Ten patients were lost to follow-up and eight withdrew due to side effects and/or inadequate therapeutic response. Statistical comparisons of patient evaluations of nasal burning and stinging with the two formulations of Rhinalar showed a very significant difference in terms of severity (P less than .001), duration (P less than .001), and tolerability (P = .006) in favour of the new formulation. A reduction in severity of throat irritation with the new formulation was also shown to be statistically significant (P = .006). Nausea, headache, and other side effects including watery eyes, taste perversion, and runny nose were seldom reported with either test medication. Both formulations were shown to be equally effective in relieving the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The considerable reduction in nasal burning and stinging and throat irritation with the new formulation of Rhinalar was shown to enhance patient acceptability and may lead to better compliance.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability of two formulations of Rhinalar (flunisolide) nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 305 88


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