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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of the radiographic finding of a skull fracture in predicting intracranial haematoma is assessed in this study. Patients with a skull injury can be divided into three risk groups, based on the history and examination findings. The low-risk group includes patients who are asymptomatic or have scalp haematoma, lacerations, headache or dizziness. The moderate-risk group includes patients who have posttraumatic amnesia and/or alcohol intoxication and those who are suspected of having a skull fracture. The patients in the high-risk group have clear symptoms and signs such as depressed level of consciousness or focal neurological signs. The records of 1218 patients were studied. The risk group, the existence of a skull fracture and development of intracranial haematoma were determined. Not a single haematoma was found in the low-risk group. Therefore skull radiography had no significance in this group. In the moderate-risk group two patients had an intracranial haematoma, of whom one patient had a skull fracture. Negative skull radiography therefore did not fully exclude intracranial complications. There were many patients with an intracranial haematoma in the high-risk group, both in the presence and the absence of a skull fracture. CT scanning is the best method of detecting an intracranial haematoma in this group.
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PMID:[Is skull radiography indicated in patients with head injuries?]. 844 15

The Isoparaffins covered in this manuscript are branched aliphatic hydrocarbons with a carbon skeleton length ranging from approximately C10 to C15. They are used in the manufacture of liquid imaging toners, paint formulations, charcoal lighter fluid, furniture polishes and floor clearners. Potential exposure exists in the petroleum, printing and paint industries. Isoparaffins have a very low order of acute toxicity, being practically non-toxic by oral, dermal and inhalation routes. However, aspiration of liquid isoparaffins into the lungs during oral ingestion could result in severe pulmonary injury. Dermally, isoparaffins have produced slight to moderate irritation in animals and humans under occluded patch conditions where evaporation cannot freely occur. However, they are not irritating in non-occluded tests, which are a more realistic simulation of human exposure. They have not been found to be sensitizers in guinea pig or human patch testing. However, occasional rare idiosyncratic sensitization reactions in humans have been reported. Instillation of isoparaffins into rabbit eyes produces only slight irritation. Several studies have evaluated sensory irritation in laboratory animals or odor or sensory response in humans. When evaluated by a standard procedure to assess upper airway irritation, isoparaffins did not produce sensory irritation in mice exposed to up to 400 ppm isoparaffin in air. Human volunteers were exposed for six hours to 100 ppm isoparaffin. The subjects were given a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate symptoms, which included dryness of the mucous membranes, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, feeling of inebriation, visual disturbances, tremor, muscular weakness, impairment of coordination or paresthesia. No symptoms associated with solvent exposure were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Toxicology update isoparaffinic hydrocarbons: a summary of physical properties, toxicity studies and human exposure data. 219 78

Blunt trauma to the head results in acceleration of the brain within the skull. This takes 2 forms: linear or translational acceleration which produces focal lesions, and rotational acceleration which results in 'sheering stresses' with stretching of nerves and bridging veins. Deceleration of the brain within the skull occurs when the head strikes a stationary object (e.g. floor, ring post). Cerebrovascular events are not infrequently encountered. The most common vascular sequalae is the subdural haematoma, which is also the most frequent cause of death in boxers. Epidural bleeds rare, and are generally due to deceleration of the brain. Subarachnoid bleeds have been rarely reported, but, like intraparenchymal haemorrhages, they do occur. Sudden flexion/extension of the neck is suggested as the mechanism of the occasional brainstem haemorrhage reported in boxing. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery can occur secondary to direct blows to the neck or stretching of the contralateral carotid artery. The best known sequalae of boxing is traumatic encephalopathy--the 'punch drunk' syndrome. This is most common in second-rate and slugging type fighters. Severity correlates with the length of a boxer's career and total number of bouts, with an incidence of approximately 18%. Three stages of clinical deterioration are seen, the encephalopathy may be progressive or may remain clinically stable at any level. The first stage consists of affective disturbances with psychiatric symptoms being most marked. During the second stage an accentuation of the psychiatric symptoms occurs and signs/symptoms of Parkinsonism develop. The final stage consists of a decrease in general cognitive function together with pyramidal tract disease. Generally 2 to 3 years elapse between the first and final stages. Neuropathological studies reveal abnormalities of the septum pellucidum, scarring of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices, and loss of pyramidal neurons in the substantia nigra with neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of senile plaques. A 'groggy state' can occur in some fighters with confusion, impaired active attention and alteration of consciousness. During this period the boxer is at greater risk to suffer brain injury as defensive reflexes are frequently lost. Other neurological syndromes have been reported in addition to the 'groggy state'. These include a midbrain syndrome, headaches and cervical spinal injuries. Additionally, boxing appears to be a significant risk factor for the development of meningiomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neurological sequelae of boxing. 329 90

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental injuries, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and dental caries in a group of champion wrestlers. Twenty-six male wrestlers, with a mean age of 23 yr, and an age-matched control group participated in the study. A questionnaire was used with questions on trauma, frequency of headache, intensity of practicing sports, use of sugar-containing "sports drinks", use of mouth guards, and previous TMD problems. Four bitewing radiographs were taken in all subjects. In addition, three intraoral apical radiographs of maxillary and mandibular frontal regions were taken in the wrestlers. The number of existing teeth, dental caries, amount and type of restorations, and dental injuries were recorded. Examination of the stomatognathic system comprised bilateral palpation of the masseter and temporal muscles and temporomandibular joints, and evaluation of the mandibular movements. None of the subjects had drunk sports drinks or worn mouth protectors regularly. The wrestlers had more frequent and severe dental injuries localized to the frontal region of the maxilla than the controls. No statistical differences were found in the prevalence of caries or TMD between the groups.
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PMID:Dental injuries, temporomandibular disorders, and caries in wrestlers. 787 61

We reported a rare case of an intracerebral granulomatous lesion accompanying severe edema formation in the healing stage of traumatic brain contusions. A 44-year-old male patient came to our outpatient clinic due to progressing headache and nausea. Upon computed tomographic examination, a low density mass with strong surrounding edema was detected at the right frontal base. Magnetic resonance images revealed a high intensity mass on both T1- and T2-weighted images at the right frontal base. Upon intravenous injection of a contrast agent, this lesion exhibited multifocal marginal contrast enhancement. Two additional small enhanced mass lesions were detected at the tip of the right temporal lobe and the medial portion of the left temporal lobe. We tentatively diagnosed it as a right frontal brain tumor and attempted the total removal of the right frontal mass. Unexpectedly, pathological diagnosis was intracerebral granulation tissue associated with accumulation of hemosiderin-laden macrophages and capillary wall thickening. In addition, there was no reactive gliosis. We speculated on the pathogenesis of intracerebral granulation tissue as follows. Since the patient was a heavy drinker and often fell down when he was drunk, it is likely that he might be suffering from intracerebral hematomas due to traumatic contusions. This assumption may be supported by the fact that an old subdural hematoma was observed during the operation and the radiological examination revealed multiple lesions. The gathering and proliferation of mesenchymal cells possibly derived from blood circulation probably began at the site of the damaged brain tissue, thus forming intracerebral granulation tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of an intracerebral mass lesion consisting of traumatic granulation tissue]. 796 63

In 1986 a Royal College of Surgeons Working Party published guidelines, based on over 15 years of clinical research both here and in the U.S.A., on when to perform skull X-rays on a head injury patient. In this retrospective study the recorded details of 405 patients who presented to an accident and emergency (A&E) department over a 3-month period in 1991 are analysed, and the Report criteria applied to each one to assess whether the guidelines are being followed in performing a skull X-ray. According to these guidelines, 191 of these patients (47.2%) should have been X-rayed, however, only 83 were. Only one patient was thought to have been X-rayed inappropriately. The Report criteria most commonly thought by the A&E doctors not to warrant skull X-ray, were loss of consciousness, amnesia, dizziness, blurred vision, headache, and alcohol intoxication. The reasons why these criteria are being ignored are examined, and together with reference to recent studies, slight alterations to the Working Party guidelines are suggested to make them more applicable to everyday situations of head injury encountered in a casualty department.
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PMID:Skull X-ray after head injury: the recommendations of the Royal College of Surgeons Working Party report in practice. 821 84

In this randomised, cross-over study, in nine healthy males given felodipine ER 10 mg PO 200 ml grapefruit juice was found to increase the plasma levels of felodipine even when the juice was taken 24 hours before the drug. Grapefruit juice drunk simultaneously with and 1, 4, 10 or 24 hours before the drug administration resulted in a 32-99% increase in mean Cmax values of felodipine, relative to concomitant water and felodipine intake. The effect on AUC was also significant when juice was taken up to 10 h before the drug. The effect of the interaction decreased with increasing time between juice and drug intake. All treatments produced a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate in comparison with morning basal values. The change in haemodynamic variables was approximately the same after all treatment combinations. Headache was reported more frequently after treatments including grapefruit juice.
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PMID:Relationship between time of intake of grapefruit juice and its effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of felodipine in healthy subjects. 875 Oct 23

Approximately 10% of all head injuries are caused during sport and about 10% of all sport-related injuries are head injuries. Most of these are minor head injuries. Many sports involve risk of repeated head injury. The classic punch-drunk syndrome in boxers reflects severe chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Recent research shows that repeated head injury can entail encephalopathy also in other types of athletes. They may experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, irritability, memory deficit and concentration deficit. Neuropsychological testing reveals such cognitive deficits as impaired memory and attention, and reduced speed of information processing. Persistent sequelae can be prevented by correct management in the acute stage, appropriate follow-up, and prevention of repeated head injuries.
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PMID:[Minor head injuries in sport. Occurrence, management, sequelae and prevention]. 901 71

Methaemoglobinemia is a disorder in which the haemoglobin molecule is functionally altered and prevented from carrying oxygen. A variety of aetiologies including genetic, dietary, idiopathic and toxicological sources may cause methaemoglobinemia. Symptoms vary from mild headache to coma or death, and may not correlate with measured methaemoglobin concentrations. Patients with methaemoglobinemia appear deeply cyanotic, but are unresponsive to standard oxygen therapy. It is essential for the clinician to recognize the problem rapidly in patients without hypoxia by analysing their arterial blood gas. Methaemoglobin interferes with the accuracy of pulse oximetry. The antidote is methylene blue. We report a very unusual and dramatic case of methaemoglobinemia. A 23-year-old girl who arrived in the emergency department in a state of confusion with intense cyanosis. The night before she had drunk water with ice defiled by ammonium nitrate, poured from a broken pack of instant ice. The absence of improvement after the administration of oxygen and the 'chocolate brown' colour of the arterial blood gave us the most important clue in suspecting the diagnosis of methaemoglobinemia.
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PMID:A severe methaemoglobinemia induced by nitrates: a case report. 1467 14

We examined the association of muscular fitness with psychological positive health, health complaints, and health risk behaviors in 690 (n = 322 girls) Spanish children and adolescents (6-17.9 years old). Lower body muscular strength was assessed with the standing long jump test, and upper-body muscular strength was assessed with the throw basketball test. A muscular fitness index was computed by means of standardized measures of both tests. Psychosocial positive health, health complaints, and health risk behaviors were self-reported using the items of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. Psychological positive health indicators included the following: perceived health status, life satisfaction, quality of family relationships, quality of peer relationships, and academic performance. We computed a health complaints index from 8 registered symptoms: headache, stomach ache, backache, feeling low, irritability or bad temper, feeling nervous, difficulties getting to sleep, and feeling dizzy. The health risk behavior indicators studied included tobacco use, alcohol use, and getting drunk. Children and adolescents with low muscular fitness (below the mean) had a higher odds ratio (OR) of reporting fair (vs. excellent) perceived health status, low life satisfaction (vs. very happy), low quality of family relationships (vs. very good), and low academic performance (vs. very good). Likewise, children and adolescents having low muscular fitness had a significantly higher OR of reporting smoking tobacco sometimes (vs. never), drinking alcohol sometimes (vs. never), and getting drunk sometimes (vs. never). The results of this study suggest a link between muscular fitness and psychological positive health and health risk behavior indicators in children and adolescents.
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PMID:Associations of muscular fitness with psychological positive health, health complaints, and health risk behaviors in Spanish children and adolescents. 2215 58


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