Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prevalence rates of various side effects were studied comparatively among 3 oral contraceptive preparations containing 50 mcg of the estrogen component. Norinyl 1/50, Ovral, and Norlestrin 1 were each randomly assigned to groups of 160 healthy women who had consented to participate in the study designed to quantitate probabilities of experiencing specific side effects and of their continuing into the subsequent cycles. Acne, breast discomfort, nausea, abdominal bloating, headache, fatigue, depression, irritability, vaginal discharge, and breakthrough bleeding were the specific side effects studied; only breakthrough bleedings showed a statistical difference in prevalence. The rate of breakthrough bleeding associated with Ovral use in the 1st 3 cycles (16.6%) was significantly (P .05) lower than that associated with using either Norinyl or Norlestrin (46% and 51.7%, respectively). Norelestrin, aside from breakthrough bleeding, was reported as generally freer of side effects than the other 2 preparations. The probabilities of side effects being experienced in the 2nd or 3rd cycle after the effect(s) was experienced in the 1st cycle showed that overall, for all 3 combination pills, the probabilities significantly decreased from the 2nd to the 3rd cycle (P .05). Also examined was the probability that a side effect would occur in the 2nd or 3rd cycle if the user had not experienced such an effect in the 1st cycle. In each instance, the probabilities are significantly lower (P .05) than the corresponding probabilities where the symptom had been experienced in a previous cycle. These data support the contention that side effects experienced on inititation of oral contraceptives should not prohibit its continuation because the majority of symptoms will disappear as the patient becomes accustomed to the hormonal preparation.
 ...
PMID:The probability of side effects with ovral, norinyl 1/50 and norlestrin. 16 Aug 60

In addition to oral contraceptives (OCs), the morning-after pill, the minipill, and depot preparations also belong to hormonal contraceptives. The latter two contraceptives have not become established among young women because of inadequate cycle control. For postcoital contraception in Austria, Neogynon and Stediril-D, consisting of 0.05 mg of ethinyl estradiol (EE) + 0.25 mg of levonorgestrel, are used within 48 hours of unprotected intercourse. Lower dose OCs have considerably reduced the risks of side effects. Micropills are the optimal OCs with EE under 50 mcg combined with the new generation of gestagens. The beneficial effects include menstrual regularity and the prevention of anemia, ovarian cysts, and fibrocystic mastopathy. Nausea, headache, spotting, and weight gain do occur in individual cases, even among young people. The potential risk of thromboembolism is the most important, although arterial cardiovascular risk is minimal in young age. The probability of postpill amenorrhea is less than 1%. Micropills can be used by young diabetics provided the disease is not beyond 10 years' duration and there is no angiopathy. Acne, seborrhea, and hirsutism are beneficially influenced by a combination of 0.035 mg of EE with 2 mg of cyproterone acetate. The relative risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer are only about half as high among OC users as among nonusers. The risk of breast cancer in young OC users has not been conclusively explained. Regular colposcopy and cytology is recommended for young OC users to preclude the risk of malignancies of the genital tract. Sex education and the use of OCs that are the most suitable and effective for young people can reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and abortion. The comparison of two 5-year periods in the 1970s and 1980s at the University Obstetrical-Gynecological Clinic in Graz showed that the incidence of births among women under 18 years of age decreased from 3.6% (778) to 1.6% (353).
 ...
PMID:[Benefits and risks of hormonal contraception]. 146 64

From September 1982 to June 1987, all members (N = 513) of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Wash, who were prescribed isotretinoin for acne were observed throughout the first 4- to 5-month course of therapy for effectiveness and adverse effects. The highest rates of use were among male subjects aged 15 to 24 years. Excluding 47 subjects whose prescriptions were stopped because of noncompliance or who left the care of Group Health Cooperative physicians, 39 (8.4%) of the remaining 466 discontinued taking the drug because of the following adverse effects: mucous/skin/musculoskeletal effects (17); elevated triglyceride levels (eight); headaches (five); increased liver enzyme levels (three); amenorrhea (two); and other (four). One subject, excluded from the 466 because of noncompliance, became pregnant while using medication from a previous prescription and had a therapeutic abortion; she was not under the care of a physician at the time of pregnancy. Most subjects (97%) developed a mucocutaneous symptom, and 42% developed musculoskeletal symptoms. Moderate elevations in liver enzyme levels developed in six (1.8%) of 341 subjects with normal baseline values. Of 389 subjects with normal baseline triglyceride values (less than 2.25 mmol/L), nine (2.3%) developed moderate elevations (4.5 to 9.0 mmol/L), and one (0.3%) developed a severe elevation (greater than or equal to 9.0 mmol/L). Of 24 subjects with elevated baseline triglyceride levels, three (12.5%) developed moderate elevations. Of an additional 53 subjects whose baseline serum triglyceride levels were not determined, two developed elevations during therapy, one up to 13.4 mmol/L. Subjects who were overweight or had elevated baseline serum triglyceride values had an increased risk of developing elevations in triglyceride levels during therapy (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 22.0; and odds ratio, 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 20.2, respectively). Acne was improved for at least 94.0% of subjects.
 ...
PMID:An observational study of isotretinoin recipients treated for acne in a health maintenance organization. 182 96

Femovan contains 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene. Gestodene has been used in combination oral contraceptives since 1987 in 38 countries with hardly any effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism or fibrinolysis. Its contraceptive reliability for menstrual cycle control and tolerance was examined. A total of 102.769 women aged 18-35 with 593.455 menstrual cycles were included in 2 phases. Most of the women were German women, but the study included women from Europe and Latin America. Although 2-8% of the women took Femovan irregularly, only 3 pregnancies occurred in 414 English women (4704 cycles), 7 in 3267 German women (36.711 cycles), and 124 in 95.906 German women (523.477) as a result of forgetfulness. The pearl index reached .16 and .22 in the 2 phases, respectively, under client failure, and .07 and .06 under method failure. Bleeding ranged from .6-2.8% of cycles, while spotting was 4.5-8.2%. The omission of menstrual bleeding occurred in less than 1% of this population. Tension in the breasts, headache, and nausea with nervousness occurred in up to 10% of the women. Nervousness, vertigo, and depression was significantly less frequent. Acne and edema occurred only in a few cases. The average increase of body weight was a maximum of .8 kg. Blood pressure was unchanged for a few cases. There were 2 and 26 cases, respectively, of thromboembolitic diseases in the 2 phases amounting to .3 and .6/1000 woman years of use which compares to .4-1.7/1000 of the Oxford-Family Planning Association cohort study results. Femovan was discontinued on medical grounds (headache, nausea, and irregular bleeding) in 10.3% of 3267 German women and in 7.5% of 95.906 German women. Femovan's acceptance rate was remarkably high, and it proved to reliable and well-tolerated.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical experiences with femovan (Gynera)]. 209 80

Clinical experience with Femovan (Schering AG, Berlin), a combined oral contraceptive containing 0.075 mg gestodene and 0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol, in 3267 women at 165 hospitals and private practices in Germany, from December 1985-February 1988, is presented. 46% were new pill users, 54% switched from other formulations, usually contained 0.030 mg ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norethisterone or lynestrenol. Each subject gave informed consent, was within 10% of normal weight, kept a menstrual diary, and attended for follow-up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. They averaged 24.7 years old. 98.7% continued for 6 cycles; 56.6% for 12 cycles and 33.4% for 18 cycles. While 90% of the dropouts did not return for follow up, stated reasons for stopping were 10.3% for minor side effects of headaches, intermenstrual bleeding and weight gain, and 8 for planned pregnancy. 7 pregnancies were recorded, 5 related to errors in taking tablets or 2 or more pills, giving a Pearl Index of 0.065 for method failure and 0.16 for patient failure. Both the flow and duration of menstrual bleeding tended to decrease. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred in 15.9% of new pill users, declining to 3.7% of all women by the 4th-6th cycles, often associated with omitted pills. There were no significant changes in weight or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Numbers of complaints of minor side effects decreased or disappeared in 50-85%. Acne developed in 58 women but declined to 14 women after 12 cycles; acne pre-existed in 377 women improved in 41% after 3 cycles.
 ...
PMID:Long-term experience with a low-dose oral contraceptive. 215 May 81

The effects of ketoconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivate, were evaluated in 42 women affected by acne (17 cases) and/or hirsutism (36 cases) treated with 400 mg/day for 3-6 months. Androstenedione, total and free testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels progressively dropped during treatment while 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, ACTH, cortisol, LH and FSH levels increased. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased only towards the end of treatment, while estrone, sex hormone binding globulin, and PRL remained unchanged. Daily mean +/- SD rate of hair growth, measured by a special image analysis processor, decreased within 3 months of therapy from 0.258 +/- 0.058 to 0.184 +/- 0.039 mm/day (P less than 0.02) and mean +/- SD hair diameter from 0.123 +/- 0.015 to 0.110 +/- 0.013 mm (P less than 0.05) together with decreasing hormone levels. The therapeutic effects of ketoconazole on hirsutism was evident at 6 months in only 14 subjects, while no significant change in hirsutism score was recorded in 22 women who failed to complete the therapy. Acne improved in all cases. Several side effects and complications arose during treatment, such as headache, nausea, loss of scalp hair, hepatitis, and biochemical changes. Even though ketoconazole improves hyperandrogenism, only selected patients are eligible for treatment as scrupulous monitoring is required.
 ...
PMID:Ketoconazole therapy for women with acne and/or hirsutism. 216 69

201 patients with skin problems caused in their own opinion by working with visual display terminals (VDTs) were referred and examined. 18% claimed that their condition improved overnight and 21% that it did so over the weekend. In 25 patients, the skin problems occurred mainly on the cheek turned towards the VDT. Half the patients had rosacea, but their subjective skin symptoms were generally more severe than those in ordinary cases of rosacea, i.e., severe pain, itching and burning. The rest of the patients mainly had common facial dermatoses such as seborrhoeic eczema, acne vulgaris and atopic dermatitis. The patients' skin types, judged by their response to ultraviolet light, did not differ from those of a control population. 18% had non-specific skin problems, e.g., itching and redness. This latter group of patients most closely resembles those cases previously described amongst VDT-workers. An attempt to correlate skin problems with VDTs' electrostatic field strength was unsuccessful because of difficulties in eliminating it. Of 52 electrostatic shields placed in front of patients' VDTs, 38 were defective and 9 were wrongly earthed. The prevalence of migraine-like headache was 40%, which is much higher than in a control population. There was no great use of cosmetics by the study population. When followed up after an average of 8 months, 2/3 of the patients had fewer skin complaints. The question of whether the prevalence of skin problems in general is higher amongst individuals using VDTs than in a control population is addressed in a current study.
 ...
PMID:Skin problems in workers using visual display terminals. A study of 201 patients. 297 51

Benign intracranial hypertension with papilloedema developed in a 18-year-old woman following Minocycline administration. Tetracycline therapy was prescribed for acne vulgaris. One month after the beginning of the treatment, she presented with headache, nausea and vomiting; there were no visual symptoms. Visual acuity and visual field were normal, fundus examination showed bilateral papilloedema. After Minocycline was discontinued and steroid therapy was administrated, symptoms rapidly resolved and papilloedema disappeared. Minocycline is known to penetrate into the central nervous system more effectively and to have a greater lipoid solubility than the other antibiotics of the same group. However the pathogenesis of benign intracranial hypertension after Minocycline therapy remains unknown.
 ...
PMID:[Papilledema caused by minocycline: apropos of a case]. 297 95

8 women, aged 17-25, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were treated with Practil 21 (Organon) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of desogestrel, or with Planum (Menarini). Checkups were conducted 3 and 6 months later to measure hormone levels. The average level of testosterone dropped significantly from 121.5 (+ or - 50.9) ng/dl to 23.1 (+ or - 10.6) ng/dl after 3 months. The level of androstenedione also decreased significantly from 265.2 (+ or - 101.4) ng.dl to 96.7 (+ or - 22.5) ng/dl. Similarly, the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone declined from 120.5 (+ or - 69.8) ng/dl to 24.5 (+ or - 10.7) ng/dl . On the other hand, the level of sex hormone binding globulin rose from 1.3 (+ or - .6) mcg/100 ml to 3.9 (+ or - 1.8) mcg/100 ml. Cortisone level increased significantly from 15 (+ or - 3.2) mcg/100 ml to 30.6 (+ or - 10.4) mcg/100 ml after 3 months, but the normal range (5-20 mcg/100 ml) was attained at the end. Ecographic evaluation of the size of the ovaries indicated a 18.2-66.5% reduction after 3 months. In 3 cases, the number and dimension of follicles also diminished conspicuously. Acne, hirsutism, and other symptoms of hyperandrogenism also declined. Side effects were minor and included slight weight gain, spotting and headache; treatment was suspended in only 1 case because of a grand mal seizure. The administration of this new monophasic OC proved to be a valid alternative therapy for PCO.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in plasma levels of androgens and SHBG in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) treated with oral contraceptives containing desogestrel]. 297 29

A total of 835 women in a Swedish multicenter study completed a total of 6472 oral contraceptive (OC) treatment cycles; half of the women were allotted at random to use the monophasic OC Neovletta, also known as Microgynon 30 (30 mcg ethinyl estradiol + 150 mcg levonorgestrel in each tablet) and the 2nd half was allotted to Trionetta, also known as Triquilar, Trigynon, and Logynon (6 tablets with 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol + 50 mcg levonorgestrel, 5 tablets with 40 mcg ethinyl estradiol + 75 mcg levonorgestrel and 10 tablets with 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol + 125 mcg levonorgestrel). The latter version was also present in a 28-day version containing in addition 7 placebo tablets to be used in the otherwise tablet-free interval. There was a comparatively high number of missed tablets. Tablets were omitted in 8.1% of the total number of cycles in the triphasic group and the corresponding figure for the monophasic group was 9.4%. Despite this fact, only 1 pregnancy occurred during the observation period and during treatment with Trionetta 21. This pregnancy was classified by the attending physician as clearly due to patient failure (3 consecutively missed tablets). Both formulations exerted a normalizing effect on cycle length, being more pronounced with the triphasic formulation. The 2 combinations reduced to the same extent previously prolonged bleeding periods, i.e., greater than 7 days. The percentage of women with bleeding periods longer than 7 days in the 6th and 12th treatment cycle was 1.4% and 0.6%, respectively, for Neovletta and 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively for Trionetta. The 2 combinations reduced to the same extent previously profuse bleedings. In the last untreated cycle, the percentage of women with profuse bleeding was 6.7% in the Neovletta group and 9.1% in the Trionetta group. Failure of getting withdrawal bleeding was rare in both treatment groups, but the triphasic formulation was found to be superior to the fixed dose combination. In the Neovletta group 85.9% completed the 1st trial period of 6 cycles. The corresponding figure for Trionetta was 83.9%. Acne and headache were, for both formulations, reported less frequently during treatment than in the last untreated cycle. 1 case of thrombophlebitis was reported during treatment with Neovletta. There was no statistically significant increase of the mean blood pressure or the mean body weight during treatment.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of contraceptive acceptability of levonorgestrel and ethinyl oestradiol administered in one three-phasic (Trionetta) and one monophasic (Neovletta) version. 634 25


1 2 3 Next >>