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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite extensive description of headache among patients in specialty clinics and general practices in the United States, there have been few community-wide investigations. In a population-based telephone interview study of 10,169 Washington County, Maryland, residents who were 12 through 29 years old, 57.1% of males and 76.5% of females reported that their most recent headache occurred within the previous 4 weeks. Four or more headaches in the preceding month were reported by 6.1% of males and 14.0% of females. The average duration of the subjects' most recent headache was 5.9 hours for males and 8.2 hours for females; 7.9% and 13.9%, respectively, missed part of a day or more of school or work because of that headache. Within the month before interview, 3.0% of males and 7.4% of females had suffered from a migraine headache. Consultations with a physician, by specialty, for headache-related problems are described by sex and age of subjects, as is the use of specific prescription and nonprescription medications.
JAMA 1989 Apr 21
PMID:An epidemiologic study of headache among adolescents and young adults. 292 69

Twenty-one percent of 500 unselected patients, aged 17 to 50 years, seeking primary care for any reason were found to be suffering from a chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with "chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection," They had been experiencing "severe" fatigue, usually cyclic, for a median of 16 months (range, six to 458 months), associated with sore throat, myalgias, or headaches; 45% of the patients were periodically bedridden; and 25% to 73% reported recurrent cervical adenopathy, paresthesias, arthralgias, and difficulty in concentrating or sleeping. The patients had no recognized chronic "physical" illness and were not receiving psychiatric care. While antibody titers to several EBV-specific antigens were higher in patients than in age- and sex-matched controls subjects, the differences generally were not statistically significant. A chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with the chronic active EBV infection syndrome was prevalent in our primary care practice. However, our data offer no evidence that EBV is causally related to the syndrome. Indeed, we feel that among unselected patients seen in a general medical practice currently available EBV serologic test results must be interpreted with great caution.
JAMA 1987 May 01
PMID:Frequency of 'chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection' in a general medical practice. 303 38

Ivermectin treatment was evaluated for efficacy and side effects in 40 patients in South India who had microfilaremia and bancroftian filariasis. Ivermectin was administered once orally at four dose levels (range, 25 to 200 micrograms/kg), and at each it was found to be completely effective in clearing blood microfilariae within five to 12 days. In most patients, microfilariae reappeared by three months; by six months the levels averaged 14% to 32% of pretreatment values in the four study groups, and all groups showed equivalent efficacy. Detailed monitoring identified some side effects in almost all patients: usually fever, headache, light-headedness, myalgia, sore throat, or cough that occurred most prominently 18 to 36 hours after treatment. These were most frequent and severe in patients with the greatest microfilaremia, but only when treated with the two higher doses of ivermectin (100 and 200 micrograms/kg). The low-dose (25 micrograms/kg) ivermectin group, despite equivalent efficacy in parasite killing, had clinical reaction scores that were minimal and that were not correlated with parasitemia. Since efficacy and side effects of ivermectin therapy compare favorably with those reported for treatment with the standard antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine citrate, the major advantage of single-oral-dose administration makes ivermectin the best candidate to replace diethylcarbamazine as the treatment of choice for bancroftian filariasis.
JAMA 1988 Jun 03
PMID:Ivermectin for the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. Efficacy and adverse reactions. 328 45

We compared verapamil and propranolol hydrochloride for monotherapy of hypertension. Verapamil lowered blood pressure (BP) more effectively than propranolol in black and white patients. Verapamil was equally effective in blacks and whites, whereas propranolol was more effective in whites. Heart rate was reduced by 6.0 beats per minute by verapamil, and by 13.6 beats per minute by propranolol. In blacks, verapamil lowered systolic BP 16.9 vs 8.1 mm Hg for propranolol; verapamil reduced diastolic BP 12.8 vs 8.6 mm Hg for propranolol. In whites, verapamil lowered systolic BP 19.0 vs 12.7 mm Hg for propranolol; verapamil reduced diastolic BP 16.7 vs 12.3 mm Hg for propranolol. Increases in systolic BP were observed in 22% and 3.4% of patients receiving propranolol and verapamil, respectively. The PR interval was increased from 163.5 to 174.9 ms for verapamil vs 160.3 to 164.4 ms for propranolol. Constipation (15%) and headaches (10%) were most frequent complaints for verapamil vs fatigue (18%) and dizziness (7%) for propranolol. Changes in blood biochemistry values were of small magnitude. We conclude that verapamil monotherapy is a safe and effective means of achieving BP control in patients with essential hypertension.
JAMA
PMID:A comparison of verapamil and propranolol for the initial treatment of hypertension. Racial differences in response. 353 60

The Ehrlichia are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that cause disease in animals throughout the world but that have been previously recognized as human pathogens only in Asia. We have identified six patients with serological evidence of recent infection with an Ehrlichia: a fourfold or greater rise or fall in titer to Ehrlichia canis. All of the patients reported recent tick bites. Rigors, myalgia, headache, nausea, and anorexia were each reported by five patients. Fever was present in all patients and was accompanied by relative bradycardia and leukopenia in five patients, thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver function test results in four, and anemia in three. Five of the six patients were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride, and all recovered. Infection with Ehrlichia should be considered in patients with unexplained febrile illnesses after tick exposure.
JAMA 1987 Jun 12
PMID:Unexplained febrile illnesses after exposure to ticks. Infection with an Ehrlichia? 358 28

Three patients were initially seen with headache, blurred vision, and papilledema while taking lithium carbonate for their respective bipolar affective disorder. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri was made in each case when a thorough evaluation revealed only elevated intracranial pressure. Two of the patients had complete resolution of their symptoms and papilledema after discontinuing use of the drug. Increased intracranial pressure with papilledema persisted in the third patient when she failed to adjust psychiatrically, necessitating continuance of the lithium carbonate therapy. A history of lithium carbonate ingestion should be sought in patients with the syndrome of pseudotumor cerebri. All patients receiving this drug should have a regular funduscopic examination.
JAMA 1985 May 17
PMID:Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to lithium carbonate. 392 28

A 37-year-old woman undergoing endocrine evaluation during her seventh pregnancy because of headaches, weakness, and hyponatremia was found to have central hypoadrenalism and hypothyroidism. Computed tomography showed a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension but her visual fields were intact. She was treated conservatively with hydrocortisone acetate and levothyroxine sodium until 38 weeks of gestation, when healthy twins were delivered by cesarean section. A few months later, her pituitary function improved, with a significant increase in the adrenocorticotropic hormone level, normal values of basal thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and gonadotropins and of their functional reserves, and only a slight elevation in the prolactin level. A repeated computed tomographic scan showed disappearance of the pituitary mass.
JAMA 1986 Jan 10
PMID:Spontaneous postpartum regression of pituitary mass with return of function. 394 2

Between June 1 and July 15, 1984, twenty persons with glandular tularemia were identified on the Lower Brule and Crow Creek Indian reservations in South Dakota. The median age of the patients was 6 years (range, 2 to 20 years). The clinical illness was mild, consisting of fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. All lymphadenopathy was in the head and neck area. Dermacentor variabilis ticks were identified as the vector. Although the mild clinical illness suggested Francisella tularensis, type B, was the agent, both type A and type B strains of F tularensis were isolated from ticks collected from dogs in the area. Tularemia is generally thought to be a severe systemic illness in North America. This outbreak illustrates that it can be a mild disease and that both type A and type B strains can be tick-borne and coexist in the same ecosystem.
JAMA
PMID:Tick-borne tularemia. An outbreak of lymphadenopathy in children. 405 12

The clinical and immunologic effects of a biosynthetic human leukocyte interferon, recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFL-rA), are reported in eight patients with advanced cancer. Single escalating doses from 3 X 10(6) units to 198 X 10(6) units were given by intramuscular injection in a phase I study. Major toxic effects included pyrexia, fatigue, myalgia, and headache. Data on the effects of IFL-rA on lymphocyte subpopulations and peripheral blood mononuclear-cell surface beta 2-microglobulin are presented. Four of eight patients had objective tumor regression, indicating that further investigation of this biologically active material is warranted.
JAMA 1982 Mar 26
PMID:Clinical and immunologic effects of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in eight patients with advanced cancer. 617 42

Two children had recurrent neurological symptoms associated with angioedema. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations failed to reveal a separate cause for the neurological changes. Only 19 prior cases of this association have been reported. Seizures and headaches are the most common symptoms, but a wide variety of focal and generalized deficits may occur. The release of vasoactive substances such as histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins, which are also putative neurotransmitters, is postulated to be the cause of the cerebral symptoms.
JAMA 1982 Apr 09
PMID:Neurological manifestations of angioedema. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 617 46


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