Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitrendipine (Baypress; Bayer-Miles), a new calcium channel blocker, was administered to 38 hypertensive patients in an oral dose of 20 mg once or twice daily. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced to a clinically relevant extent within 2 hours of taking the medication. There was no loss of effect during the 57 days of the trial. No significant changes in heart rate were noted. On the whole, side-effects were mild and transient and consisted mainly of dizziness, headache, joint pains and oedema.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of nitrendipine--a new calcium channel blocker. 201 61

DHE is effective in the treatment of acute and chronic migraine. The side effects most commonly observed are abdominal discomfort, muscle pain, diarrhea and anxiety. DHE is a dehydrogenated amino acid ergot alkaloid and, as such, causes only limited vasoconstriction; indeed, its overall effects include peripheral vasodilation. The literature is replete with reports of clinical vasospasm and claudication occurring with therapeutic doses of ergotamine. There has not been any previous description of claudication caused by DHE. This paper describes pulselessness in two patients during relatively short courses of DHE. Treatment consisted of calcium channel blockers and discontinuation of DHE. Recovery was complete.
Headache 1991 Apr
PMID:Claudication: an unusual side effect of DHE administration. 205 May 18

A total of 69 patients with primary Raynaud phenomenon were included in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of nicardipine, a new calcium channel blocker. The trial data were combined with a meteorological survey. Nicardipine significantly (p = 0.02) reduced the number of crises of Raynaud phenomenon but had no significant effect on the intensity of the crises. Mean overall improvement, assessed on a linear visual analog scale, was 21% (p = 0.018), but results for the cold-reactive hyperemia test were not significantly altered after nicardipine treatment. All side effects were mild, and their frequency only differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from that of placebo for edema and headache.
 ...
PMID:Controlled multicenter double-blind trial of nicardipine in the treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon. French Cooperative Multicenter Group for Raynaud Phenomenon, Paris, France. 205 56

A case is reported in which a patient with sexual and orgasmic headaches was treated successfully with a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of successful treatment of sexual headaches with calcium channel blockers reported in the English medical literature. The literature on sexually related headaches is reviewed, and classification, evaluation, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of sexual headaches are discussed.
Headache 1991 Mar
PMID:Sexual headaches: case report, review, and treatment with calcium blocker. 207 90

The long acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril was compared with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine as sustained-release formulation in 136 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This multicentre study was carried out in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion by 28 cardiologists in private practice. After a 2-week placebo period, patients were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups; the first group received enalapril 20 mg daily (n = 68), and the second group received sustained-release nifedipine 20 mg twice daily (n = 68). The duration of treatment was 12 weeks. In both groups, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg was added at week 4 if diastolic blood pressure remained greater than 90 mm Hg. At week 8, if the target diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg was not achieved, the dosage of hydrochlorothiazide was increased to 50mg. The clinical characteristics of the patients in each group were comparable. After 4 weeks of treatment, the reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was similar in both groups (12.1 mm Hg in the enalapril group vs 10.3 mm Hg in the nifedipine group). Moreover, although the difference between the groups was more noticeable after 12 weeks of treatment (16.3 vs 13.9 mm Hg, respectively), it did not reach significance. The number of patients experiencing clinical adverse effects was significantly greater in the nifedipine group than in the enalapril group [33 (48.5%) vs 18 (26.5%), respectively]. The most common complaints of patients administered nifedipine included swollen ankles, flushing and headaches, whereas complaints in the enalapril group included cough, asthenia, and epigastralgia. Three patients were withdrawn from the study because of side effects in the enalapril group and 10 were withdrawn from the nifedipine group. These results indicate that enalapril and sustained-release nifedipine are equally effective in controlling mild to moderate hypertension. However, enalapril was much better tolerated in this study.
 ...
PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of enalapril and sustained-release nifedipine in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The Enalapril vs Nifedipine French Study Group. 218 26

Pinacidil is an orally administered antihypertensive drug that acts via direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle to produce peripheral vasodilatation and a reduction in blood pressure without significant direct effects on cardiac electrophysiology. Pinacidil is unrelated to other antihypertensive drugs in clinical use, either in structure or mechanism of action. It belongs to a new class of agents called 'potassium channel openers' which act via potassium efflux to hyperpolarize cell membranes, indirectly causing a net reduction in intracellular calcium that leads to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Pinacidil is indicated in the management of essential hypertension. In clinical trials of up to 1 year duration, pinacidil administered twice daily in a controlled release capsule formulation has been shown to achieve adequate blood pressure control both in previously untreated patients and in those with blood pressure inadequately controlled by beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs or thiazide diuretics. In long term (up to 1 year) comparative studies pinacidil was at least as effective as hydralazine, prazosin or nifedipine in maintaining blood pressure control. Pinacidil may also have a potential use in the treatment of patients with secondary renal hypertension. Clinical trials to date have usually allowed the addition of a thiazide diuretic and/or beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug to enhance the efficacy of pinacidil and/or to reduce the incidence of adverse effects. The main adverse effects of pinacidil treatment, which result from its peripheral vasodilator activity, are headache, oedema, palpitations and tachycardia. Although the overall incidence of adverse effects is quite high, they are usually mild, transient in nature and respond to a reduction in dose. Nevertheless, these effects may occasionally be severe, necessitating withdrawal from therapy. Thus, pinacidil is an effective antihypertensive drug for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Despite its novel mechanism of action pinacidil causes adverse effects typical of peripheral vasodilators; during long term use with twice daily administration of the controlled release capsule formulation, the addition of a diuretic is often necessary to attenuate peripheral oedema and maintain adequate control of blood pressure. Further long term controlled trials are needed to determine the precise role of pinacidil relative to that of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blocking drugs.
 ...
PMID:Pinacidil. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in the treatment of hypertension. 219 68

Migraine is a common disorder in children with a prevalence of 2.5% under seven years of age, 5% in those between the ages of seven and puberty and in postpuberal females it may be as prevalent as 10%. It is transmitted as an autosomally dominant trait and is frequently caused by precipitating factors. The vascular theory which stated that the aura was due to an intracranial vessel constriction and that the headache was due to an extracranial vasodilation has now be questioned due to new clinical and experimental data. Recently it is believed to be due to an unstable inherited serotonigenic neurotransmission which favors an increase in the frequency of neuronal discharge of the mid-brain raphe. Included is a classification and the diagnostic headache criteria used by the International Headache Society (1988). Treatment for migraine can be: a) abortive and b) preventive. Propranolol at a dosage of 2 mg/kg per day taken divided into three has shown to be the most beneficial in the prevention of migraine headaches. Certain calcium channel blockers, particularly flunarizine seem to have prophylactic value.
 ...
PMID:[Migraine. Various current concepts]. 222 17

Consumption of monosodium glutamate has long been considered to precipitate headaches in susceptible patients. In this study the direct effects of glutamate and its metabolite, glutamine, on arterial contractility were examined using rings of rabbit aorta. In a high concentration glutamate caused significant concentration-dependent contractions (EC50, 10(-1)M; maximum tension, 188.4 +/- 33.3 mg wt tension/mg tissue). Agonists and antagonists for alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and GABA-nergic receptors as well as inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis failed to influence glutamate contractions. At high concentrations (10(-5)M) the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, inhibited the glutamate response. Glutamate and glutamine both exhibited concentration dependent relaxation of norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), histamine, serotonin (5-HT), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced contractions. Kainic acid (10(-4)M), an agonist of one subpopulation of central glutamate receptor, potentiated glutamate-induced vasoconstriction; a higher concentration (10(-3)M) produced an irreversible inhibition of glutamate contractility. Only the central glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine (10(-4)-10(-2)M), induced a reversible, concentration dependent inhibition of glutamate-induced contractions. Glutamate contractility was not dependent on extracellular calcium, an intact endothelium or neuronal function. These results demonstrate a direct effect of glutamate on peripheral arterial tone. Dietary consumption of large quantities of MSG may represent a serious health hazard to certain individuals with pre-existing vascular disease.
Headache 1990 Sep
PMID:Vasospasm contributes to monosodium glutamate-induced headache. 226 10

We report the effects of the addition of nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, to the antiepileptic therapy of 20 patients with severe medically refractory epilepsy. Six patients developed side effects and in two the drug had to be discontinued because of these. The commonest side effects were headaches, dizziness and lethargy. Two patients experienced deterioration in seizure control and only 2 patients showed improved seizure control. One of these patients subsequently developed tolerance at 5 months. In 16 patients there was no change.
 ...
PMID:Nifedipine as an add-on drug in the management of refractory epilepsy. 235 58

Nicardipine and nifedipine are structurally similar dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. The present study was a prospective randomized trial designed to evaluate the relative incidence of dizziness, flushing, headache, pedal edema, and palpitations during use of these drugs in patients with angina pectoris. Of 250 patients who entered into the comparative treatment part of the study, 140 patients were susceptible to developing symptoms to nifedipine as identified during a 1-month open-label treatment with nifedipine. These patients were compared with a parallel cohort of 110 patients, who were identified during the same open-label period, but remained mostly asymptomatic. After a 1-week washout of nifedipine, equal numbers of patients in each cohort began an 8-week period of randomized, double-blind treatment with nifedipine (20 mg three times daily) or nicardipine (30 mg three times daily). Patients who experienced these symptoms during the open-label nifedipine treatment had a higher incidence of the same symptoms during the blinded treatment regimen. Nicardipine-treated patients had a lower incidence of each of the symptoms than did the nifedipine-treated patients. Statistically significant differences were reported for dizziness, the most common of the side effects. Patients who were free of these symptoms in the open-label period usually remained free of them in the blinded comparison. However, even among those free of dizziness during the open-label nifedipine treatment, more patients reported experiencing dizziness in the blinded phase from nifedipine than from nicardipine (18% vs 6%; p = 0.02).
 ...
PMID:Randomized double-blind comparison of side effects of nicardipine and nifedipine in angina pectoris. The Nicardipine Investigators Group. 240 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>