Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in impaired cell-mediated immunity, which subsequently increases the risk of infection from bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Mycobacterial infections are commonly seen in immunodeficient patients, especially in endemic areas. Several series that have reviewed mycobacterial infections in HSCT patients reported incidences varying from less than 0.1% to 5.5%. From February 1996 to July 2003, we retrospectively reviewed records of 295 adult patients who underwent HSCT at Samsung Medical Center, Korea. Mycobacterial infections were diagnosed in 9 (3.1%) of the 295 transplant recipients. The time from HSCT to tuberculosis (TB) infection ranged from 45 days to 165 days posttransplantation. Analysis at the univariate level indicated that a conditioning regimen with total body irradiation (TBI), chronic graft-versus-host disease, and a previous history of TB infection were significant risk factors for the development of TB infection after HSCT. Multivariate analysis revealed that only a previous history of TB infection and TBI increased the risk of TB infection in HSCT patients (relative risk, 4.8 and 12.5, respectively). Isoniazid prophylaxis in HSCT recipients with only radiologic findings suggestive of past inactive TB infection did not significantly alter the incidence of TB infections (P = .236). In conclusion, a previous history of active TB infection and TBI were significant risk factors of TB infection following HSCT, and isoniazid prophylaxis may benefit HSCT recipients with a previous history of active TB infection.
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PMID:Tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in Korea. 1500 49

The acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) is induced in sublethaly irradiated (AOxDA)F1 hybrid rats following transfer of parental AO spleen cells. However, when recipients were treated with anti-CD8 mAb on days -4, -2, 0, 4 and 8 in relation to parental cell transfer, acute GVHD converts to a chronic GVHD with an autoimmune phenomena. Diseased animals produce antinuclear antibodies and display glucose intolerance curves that are significantly abnormal. Histological examination of pancreata from diseased animals revealed milde insulitis with concomitant islet destruction. By using this model of anti-CD8 mAb treated animals we have investigated the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the complex pathology associated with GVHD. For this purpose, during the first 10 days of GVHD induction, we applied in vivo treatment with either anti-IFN-gamma mAb or with specific inhibitor of IL-1 activity (IL-1 INH). Treatment of F1 recipients with mAb to rat IFN-gamma resulted in an acceleration of glucose intolerance. In contrast to this, treatment of recipients with macrophage-derived IL-1 INH fully normalized their impaired glucose tolerance. Our data suggest that TH1 cells and their cytokine IFN-gamma down-regulate diabetes-like syndrom in chronic GVHD, while either IL-1 alone or IL-1 dependent TH2 cells support these processes. This further indicates the possibility to manipulate chronic GVHD-related immunopathological processes by blocking corresponding cytokines.
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PMID:[The effect of in vivo blockade of interleukin-1 and interferon-gamma on the autoimmune syndrom in the experimental model of graft versus host disease]. 1817 76

Patients after organ transplantations are at risk for mycobacteriosis development. Frequency of the mycobacterial infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is not as high as one could expect. It ranges from 0.4 to 4.9%. We present a case of a female patient after allogenic BMT as a treatment of chronic myelogenous leucaemia, with bronchiolitis obliterans as a symptom of graft versus host disease (GvHD), treated with corticosteroids and infected with Mycobacterium avium. She was admitted to the hospital with dyspnoea, cough with large amount of sputum production and subfebrile status. She had partial respiratory insufficiency and obturative disturbances of respiration (FEV(1) 0.67 l i.e. 22% of normal) with decline of VC (2.23 l i.e. 64% of normal). The high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed multifocal infiltrations and bronchiectases in the upper and middle pulmonary fields, which were absent in the previous HRCT taken 3 years earlier. In the bronchial secretion acid-fast bacilli were found by smear and culture. The isolate was classified as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patient was treated with clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, isoniazide (INH), ethambutol (EMB), amikacin, but M. avium was still present in the sputum after 3 months. Treatment was continued in her parent hospital, where after a few months her sputum became negative for M. avium. But she died over a year later from progressive respiratory insufficiency in the course of bronchiolitis obliterans. The patient was in the group of high risk for mycobacterial infection development and the course of her illness was typical. We decided however to present the case as the topic seems to be quite neglected in the literature.
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PMID:[Mycobacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium avium in allogenic bone marrow transplant recipient with concomittant bronchiolitis obliterans as a manifestation of graft versus host disease - case report and review of the literature]. 1846 26