Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Graded doses of Cyclophosphamide (Cy) or 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) were given to CD2F1 or C57Bl/6 mice. One, 45 or 60 days later the animals were tested for allograft responses, competence of producing cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro and lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in vivo, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral antibody responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Both agents produced strong inhibitory effects, except for DTH, when given 1 day before the antigenic stimulus. However immunodepression lasted for at least 60 days after DTIC, whereas relatively rapid recovery of immune responsiveness was detected in mice treated with Cy. When Cy or DTIC were given to allogeneic donor mice 1 day before spleen cell transfer, immunodepressed recipients did not undergo GVHD. However when drugs were administered to recipient mice inoculated with allogeneic spleen cells, lethal GVHD occurred when Cy but not DTIC was given to the hosts. DTH responses were potentiated by Cy when the drug was given 1 day before sensitization. In contrast hypersensitivity reactions were not affected by DTIC treatment. It was concluded that DTIC is a potent and long-lasting immunodepressive agent, capable of affecting various T-cell subpopulations and possibly B lymphocytes in mice. Since the drug inhibits immune response when given before the antigenic stimulation, it was suggested that DTIC acts through a mechanism similar to that of alkylating non phase-specific agents.
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PMID:Drug induced modulation of immune responses in mice: effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and cyclophosphamide (Cy). 40 14

So-called "Postoperative Erythroderma" was experienced in a 68 year-old man who received CABG for unstable angina. After a seemingly uneventful recovery, he revealed high grade fever on 13th post operative day (POD), rashes over the whole body on 15th POD and pancytopenia on 20th POD. He died of sepsis, multiple organ failure and DIC on 21st POD. Blood transfusion (concentrated red cell: 3 units) was done on operation. In this case, the rate of premature and atypical lymphocytes increased, and the ratio of OKT4 (helper)/OKT8 (suppressor) decreased. These findings of the examination suggested that there was a possibility of cell-mediated immunological depression. We considered this to be acute GVHD after blood transfusion.
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PMID:[A case of "postoperative erythroderma" following coronary artery bypass grafting operation]. 183 33

Equitoxic doses of 5-(3-3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and aryl-triazene derivatives (compounds all capable of inducing a marked increase in murine tumor cell immunogenicity) were studied for their effects on the host immune system. At different times after drug exposure the animals were tested for allograft responses, competence in producing lymphocytes active in lethal graft-versus-host disease, delayed-type hypersensitivity, humoral antibody production, and mitogen responsiveness. While some of the aryl-triazenes tested (DM-COOK DM-NO2) showed a pattern of immunodepression similar to that of DTIC, others were less (MIC, MM-COOK, MM-Cl) or far less (DM-Cl, MM-NO2) active than DTIC in impairing host immunocompetence, although all retained or even augmented their ability to induce chemical xenogenization.
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PMID:Chemical xenogenization of murine lymphoma cells with triazene derivatives: immunotoxicological studies. 656 3

The dramatic advances that have taken place in recent years in the care of sick and premature infants also have been matched by a similar increase in the use of blood transfusion therapy. Haematological features indicate that a newborn has a blood volume of 85-125 ml/kg the foetal haemoglobin is 60-85% and average Hb in full term infant is 18 gm/dl. By 2-3 months it falls to 11-12 g/dl the main cause of anemia are iron poor diet, weaning diets recurrent or chronic infections and hemolytic episodes in malarious areas. The red cells transfusions are usually top up transfusions, exchange transfusions, partial exchange transfusions. Top up- are for investigational losses and correction of mild degrees of anemias, upto to 5-15 ml/kg. They comprise 90% of all neonatal transfusions and are used in low birth babies in special care units for a maximum of 9-10 episodes. The walk in donor programs once popular are not much in vogue. The threshold for transfusion is 8-10 g/dl Hb for upto 5 weeks. Exchange transfusions are done for correction of anemia, removal of bilirubin, removal of antibodies and replacement of red cells. Ideally plasma reduced red cells that are not older than 5 days are used. It is prepared by removal of 120 ml of standard whole blood donation. The advantage of fresh cells is that hyperkalemia is avoided and good post transfusion survival acceptable red cell oxygen affinity. However it has to be screened for sickle cell disease and G6PD deficiency. Indications for exchange transfusion are kernicterus, neonatal hemolysis, G6PD deficiency, ARDS, neonatal sepsis, DIC and neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopaenia. Complications include over transfusion, perforation of major vessels, hypocalcaemia, citrate toxicity, hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, thrombocytopenia, necrotizing enterocolitis, GVHD, bacterial, viral infections. Partial exchange transfusions are done for symptomatic anemia, where Hb<10 g/dl, it is indicated in polycythemia and hyperviscosity syndromes. Exchange volume = Blood volume x (observed Hct-Desired HCt) divided observed Hct. Points to consider-there is weak expression of ABO antigens so particular care while grouping. Transfusing volumes should be 2-5 ml/kg/hour in paediatric bags of 50-100 ml with infusion devices. Platelet transfusion are indicated in neonatal throbocytopaenia, thrombocytopaenia due to sepsis, DIC, bacterial pathogens, CMV, TORCHS, Obstetric conditions such as pre eclampsia, intrauterine death abruption placenta birth injury hypoxia schock neonatal iso immune thrombocytopaenia and maternal ITP. Administration 1 RDE/pack per 2.5 kg single dose of fresh platelets less than 24hrs which contains 55 x 10(9) cells. This also contributes fresh plasma so is useful for coagulation defects also, though there is a risk of CMV and GVHD due to leucocyte contamination. Granulocyte concentrate; Gravity leucopheresis-1:8 ratio of 60 ml of 6% HES made to stand for 1hr.
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PMID:Component therapy. 1451 88