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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a male neonate with severe combined immunodeficiency who at birth had acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as a result of maternal-fetal transfusion during pregnancy. Several clinical signs helped establish this diagnosis. Findings of a skin biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of acute GVHD. Immunologic evaluation disclosed an absence of T and B lymphocytes. Acute GVHD in severe combined immunodeficiency most often occurs during the first weeks of life; intrauterine occurrence is unusual.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1993 Nov
PMID:In utero acute graft-versus-host disease in a neonate with severe combined immunodeficiency. 840 28

Graft-versus-host disease may occur in certain immunocompromised patients after a blood transfusion. The disease is characterized by fever, a skin eruption, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver dysfunction, and bone marrow aplasia. Two cases of fatal graft-versus-host disease are reported. Both patients were immunocompetent and had received transfusions of nonirradiated blood from their children during surgery. The importance of preventing this complication by irradiating blood products given to patients by their first-degree relatives is underscored.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1993 May
PMID:Posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease in two immunocompetent patients. 849 82

Chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease may appear clinically as a lichenoid eruption. We describe a 26-year-old man who developed a unilateral linear lichenoid eruption 7 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. We believe this represents an unusual form of localized, chronic graft-versus-host disease. The possible relationship to viral infection or cellular mosaicism and the clinical, histologic, and immunologic similarities to idiopathic lichen planus are discussed.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1993 May
PMID:Unilateral linear lichenoid eruption after bone marrow transplantation: an unmasking of tolerance to an abnormal keratinocyte clone? 849 88

The effect of halofuginone, a plant alkaloid known to inhibit collagen type I synthesis, on skin collagen content and skin morphology was evaluated in two in vivo models of scleroderma: the murine chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) and the tight skin mouse. Skin collagen was assessed by hydroxyproline levels in skin biopsies and by immunohistochemistry using anti-collagen type I antibodies. Daily intraperitoneal injections of halofuginone (1 microgram/mouse) for 52 d starting 3 d before spleen cell transplantation, abrogated the increase in skin collagen and prevented the thickening of the dermis and the loss of the subdermal fat, all of which are characteristic of the cGvHD mice. Halofuginone had a minimal effect on collagen content of the control mice. The halofuginone-dependent decrease in skin collagen content was concentration-dependent and was not accompanied by changes in body weight in either the cGvHD or the control mice. Injections of halofuginone (1 microgram/mouse) for 45 d caused a decrease in the collagen content and dermis width in tight skin mice, but did not affect the dermis width of control mice. Collagen content determination from skin biopsies confirmed the immunohistochemical results in the same mice. The low concentration of halofuginone needed to prevent collagen deposition in fibrotic skin without affecting body weight suggests that halofuginone may serve as a novel and promising anti-fibrotic therapy.
J Invest Dermatol 1996 Jan
PMID:Inhibition of collagen synthesis and changes in skin morphology in murine graft-versus-host disease and tight skin mice: effect of halofuginone. 859 87

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a recently described autoimmune disease characterized by painful mucosal ulceration and polymorphous skin lesions in association with an underlying neoplasm. Distinct autoantibodies bind desmoplakin I, desmoplakin II, bullous pemphigoid antigen and an uncharacterized 190 kDa antigen. A case is presented of paraneoplastic pemphigus that developed after radiotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a 53 year old man. Multiple skin biopsies showed a lichenoid reaction without acantholysis. Immunofluorescence and mucosal biopsies were required to establish the correct diagnosis. Corneal opacities resembling lichenoid graft-versus-host disease and retinal haemorrhages, which developed in the patient, have not been previously documented. Despite high doses of immunosuppressive agents and plasmaphoresis, the patient eventually died from respiratory failure.
Australas J Dermatol 1995 Nov
PMID:Paraneoplastic pemphigus triggered by radiotherapy. 859 11

We describe a 14-year-old boy who developed total leucoderma during the course of chronic graft-versus-host disease, which developed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Skin biopsy and dihydroxy-phenylalanine staining revealed a total absence of melanocytes from the epidermis. Cytotoxic anti-melanocyte antibodies were found in the patient's serum, and this probably explains the development of the leucoderma.
Br J Dermatol 1996 Apr
PMID:Total leucoderma: a rare manifestation of cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease. 873 92

Chronic graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation presents, in a few cases, as mild to severe scleroderma-like changes. Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease with and without sclerodermatous skin changes were analysed for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) and antinucleolar autoantibodies (ANoA) and the results correlated with disease symptoms and histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) pattern. Nineteen patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease and scleroderma-like skin changes, 18 with chronic graft-versus-host disease without scleroderma, and 17 controls on immunosuppressive treatment were screened for ANA and ANoA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunodiffusion and immunoblot techniques. Four patients with severe scleroderma had antibodies to topoisomerase I, two had antibodies against PM-Scl, both characteristic serological findings in idiopathic systemic scleroderma. One patient had La/SSB antibodies and, in three cases, antibodies to the nucleolar antigen C23 (nucleolin) could be identified. A possible correlation between antinucleolin antibodies and disease activity was observed. HLA-A1, -B1, and -B2 were found significantly more often in patients with scleroderma-like symptoms in comparison to patients without scleroderma-like symptoms. Chronic graft-versus-host disease with scleroderma-like manifestations can be associated with the occurrence of ANA specific for idiopathic scleroderma. The development of scleroderma after bone marrow transplantation might have a HLA-linked genetic background.
Br J Dermatol 1996 May
PMID:Specificity of antinuclear antibodies in scleroderma-like chronic graft-versus-host disease: clinical correlation and histocompatibility locus antigen association. 873 24

Hyperpigmentation is a well-recognized feature of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and is usually restricted to sites where lichenoid or sclerodermiform lesions have occurred. Since 1975, two of 745 patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in our institution have developed diffuse melanoderma which differed considerably from the classic presentations. They both developed acute GVHD, then lichen planus-like chronic lesions and diffuse melanoderma. Histology of biopsies of the pigmented skin showed intense pigment deposition in the basal and suprabasal layers, and in dermal macrophages. On split-dopa, melanocyte counts were 98 and 93 per field, respectively. Electron microscopy showed melanocytes protruding into the dermis, and dark melanosomes in all epidermal layers and in macrophages. These findings were suggestive of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In bone marrow recipients, de novo melanoderma is a rare event which could represent a feature of cutaneous GVHD in pigmented subjects.
Br J Dermatol 1996 Feb
PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural study of diffuse melanoderma after bone marrow transplantation. 874 50

We report an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who had cutaneous manifestations of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) due to maternofetal lymphocyte engraftment. Histologic and ultrastructural examinations of the skin revealed intracellular vacuoles resembling lipid droplets in the epidermis and dermis, which is not a recognized feature of acute GVHD or SCID.
Pediatr Dermatol 1995 Dec
PMID:Acute graft-versus-host disease with unusual cutaneous intracellular vacuolation in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. 874 75

Cutaneous and mucosal epithelial cells are primary targets of injury in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the principal complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Recent experimental data in skin suggest that early lesion may precede morphologic evidence of direct infiltration by effector cells. The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the mechanism and kinetics of epithelial injury in acute GVHD produced in mouse strains (B10.BR/CBA) receiving bone marrow transplants across minor histocompatibility loci. Skin and tongue mucosa of hosts receiving CD8 T-cell-enriched, whole T-cell-enriched, or T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplants were sequentially harvested and studied histologically and by the terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase end ligation technique to detect apoptotic cells. Apoptosis involving putative stem cells is the predominant form of cellular injury in acute experimental GVHD. Although apoptosis correlated with the onset of lymphocyte infiltration relatively late in CD8-mediated disease, apoptosis was bimodal in whole T-cell-mediated disease, with an early peak that preceded histologic evidence of lymphocyte infiltration. These findings establish a central role for apoptosis in epithelial cell injury in acute GVHD and indicate that T-cell composition of the donor marrow inoculum may influence the pattern and kinetics of epithelial damage.
J Invest Dermatol 1996 Sep
PMID:Apoptosis is the predominant form of epithelial target cell injury in acute experimental graft-versus-host disease. 875 74


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