Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PVG rats bearing a transplantable T cell leukemia were treated with large inocula of lymphoid cells from AUG rats sensitized either against the leukemia or against PVG lymphocytes. AUG and PVG bear identical Ag-B antigens but differ at minor loci, including the Pta loci, which code for differentiation antigens expressed only on peripheral T lymphocytes. Treatment with AUG cells immune to either the PVG leukemia or normal PVG cells resulted in prolonged survival of leukemic rats, a profound but ephemeral leukopenia and prolonged disappearance of leukemic cells from lymphoid tissue. All treated animals, however, eventually died with large, discrete deposits of leukemic cells in both hard and soft tissues. Despite the deliberate mismatching of host and donor cells for minor transplanation antigens, no evidence of GVH symptoms was observed in treated rats. This was interpreted as a result of directing the adoptive immune response to antigens of restricted distribution, i.e., on leukocytes and not on somatic cells.
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PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia in the rat, without graft-VS-host complications. 3 1

The cell composition of peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen of CBA mice after the transplantation ca. 20.10(6) lymph node cells of a Wistar rat, sensitized against mouse liver antigens 10--15 days prior to the transplantation, during first 24 hrs after birth was studied. The runt disease developed in 100% recipients and was characterized by sharp disturbances of the formation of immuno- and hemopoietic systems. All runting animals suffered from aplastic anemia, leukopenia with predominance of hyperlobular neutrophils and histio-monocytes in the peripheral blood. The total number of cells in bone marrow decreased almost 15 times. The elimination of erythroid line was coupled with relative augmentation of undifferentiated myeloid and monocytoid cells. The cellular pool of spleen increased twice and more. The intensive proliferation of histio-monocytes and macrophages was accompanied by the destruction and depletion of lymphatic structures. A suggestion is put forward to the effect that the incorporation of "not-self" genetic information, such as non-syngeneic lymphocytes, during the early postnatal period may not only induced some genuine immunological effects, but inhibit the normal way of differentiation in proliferating cell systems due to the lack of their mutual adaptation as well.
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PMID:[Disorders in the formation of the hematologic status of mice following rat lymph node transplantation during the early postnatal period]. 105 39

Erythroderma as a manifestation of graft-versus-host disease after cardiac operations with blood transfusion may occur more frequently in Japan than in other countries. We have seen this problem in five patients who, after heart operations, died with symptoms and signs characteristic of graft-versus-host disease: cutaneous eruption, fever, diarrhea, leukopenia associated with agranulocytosis, and liver dysfunction. In the three patients seen most recently, skin biopsy showed findings similar to those of graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. In addition, immunologic investigation showed remarkable differences in the findings in these patients and in those who did not have a graft-versus-host disease-like syndrome after cardiac operations. In particular, interleukin-2 production in response to mitogen stimulation was markedly diminished after operation in our patients, and the ratio of OKT4+ cells to OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood was low, reflecting increased numbers of OKT8+ cells after the occurrence of symptoms. The results raise the possibility that transient depression of cellular immunity after cardiac operations with blood transfusion may contribute to the occurrence of postoperative acute graft-versus-host disease.
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PMID:Postoperative erythroderma after cardiac operations. The possible role of depressed cell-mediated immunity. 138 38

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) secreted by a hepatoma cell line, HA22T/GVH, was purified and assessed for its effects in vivo on blood leukocytes and bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in ICR mice pretreated with a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (cytoxan). The hGM-CSF preparations were natural and had no detectable endotoxin. Five days after the administration of 300 mg/kg cytoxan, severe leukopenia with marked myelopoietic suppression was induced. The cytoxan-treated mice were then injected intraperitoneally with 10,000 units of purified hGM-CSF/mouse daily for three days. Leukopenia was totally abrogated and the leukocyte number greatly increased to a level 2- to 3-fold higher than in GM-CSF-uninjected mice. Differential white cell count showed that the subpopulations of leukocytes responsive to hGM-CSF stimulation were mainly of neutrophils and monocytes, while the lymphocytes remained unaffected. Meanwhile, in the bone marrow, hGM-CSF administration induced an apparent (3-fold) increase in the number of myeloid progenitor cells, CFU-GM. However, the effect in vivo of a single hGM-CSF injection could only maintain for 48 hrs. In addition, the loss in body weight caused by cytoxan was less in the mice with subsequent hGM-CSF than those without CSF. These results suggest that injection of GM-CSF can effectively reconstitute the cytotoxic drug-damaged myelopoiesis without apparent in vivo toxic reaction.
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PMID:In vivo stimulation of myelopoiesis in cyclophosphamide-treated mice by purified human GM-CSF. 165 33

A 72 year-old Japanese male with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy. After seemingly uneventful recovery, he developed high fever on 11 post-operative day (POD), rashes over the whole body on 13 POD and leukopenia on 15 POD. On 22 POD, thrombopenia and parenchymal bleeding of lungs were noted. He died on 26 POD after progressive hypoxia and hypotension. HLA type of peripheral lymphocytes on him changed homozygously to that of the transfused fresh blood. Skin biopsy showed mild leukocyte infiltration in the epidermis and the dyskeratotic keratinocytes were associated with a contiguous lymphocyte, the so-called satellite cell necrosis. In the findings of autopsy, aplastic bone marrow and atrophied spleen, whose weight was 14g, were noted. Based on the clinical picture, skin biopsy and HLA study findings, we diagnosed this case as post-transfusion GVHD. We think that high age, operative injury and preoperative irradiation might be inducement to reveal post-transfusion GVHD in this case.
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PMID:[A case of fatal graft-versus-host disease following blood transfusion in esophageal cancer documented by homozygous changes of HLA typing]. 223 58

Deep fungal infections (FI) were diagnosed in 27 out of 209 consecutive bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. Autopsy verified that the incidence of deep FI was 10% and the overall incidence was 13%. Using bivariate logistic regression analysis at the time of BMT, high recipient age (p = 0.003), low bone marrow cell dose (p = 0.007), recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity (p = 0.009) and splenectomy (p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for deep FI. In multivariate analysis, splenectomy (p = 0.008), recipient CMV seropositivity (p = 0.01) and low bone marrow cell dose (p = 0.01) held as significant. At 30 days post-BMT anti-thymocyte globulin treatment (p = 0.0006) and graft-versus-host disease grade II-IV (p = 0.005) were significant risk variables in bivariate logistic regression analysis and Fisher's exact probability test. Patients with these risk factors are candidates for treatment with antifungal drugs when they suffer from leukopenia and unclear fever.
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PMID:Variables predicting deep fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. 255 4

Immune thrombocytopenia occurred in 6 of 33 engrafted dogs (18%) after fetal liver hematopoietic cell transplantation. Concurrent granulocytopenia occurred in three of six dogs and anemia in one. All dogs were receiving cyclosporin to prevent graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). None of the dogs had signs of GVHD. Bone marrow obtained at the time of platelet nadir was hypercellular with megakaryocyte hyperplasia. All dogs exhibited anti-megakaryocyte antibodies detected by direct immunofluorescence of bone marrow smears. Treatment with oral prednisolone resulted in normalization of platelet counts in five of six dogs and granulocyte and erythrocyte counts in dogs exhibiting concurrent leukopenia or anemia. Two long-term survivors (greater than 2.5 years) have not developed further hematologic abnormalities since initial diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Immune thrombocytopenia in dogs after fetal liver hematopoietic cell transplantation. 256 91

This is a retrospective analysis of marrow function in 171 recipients of an HLA-matched bone marrow transplant (BMT). Only patients with detectable hemopoiesis as indicated by leukocyte counts greater than 1.0 x 10(9)/l and platelet counts greater than 25 x 10(9)/l who were alive on day 30 were entered in the study. Poor marrow function was detected in 24 (14%) patients as indicated by a decrease in the peripheral blood counts to less than 40% of the maximal preceding values post-transplant in association with reduced marrow cellularity. Leukopenia (n = 4), thrombocytopenia (n = 3) or a combination of the two (n = 17) occurred 62 +/- 23 (SEM) days post-transplant and was associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) grade II or more and infection (n = 19) in the absence of clear rejection or persistence/recurrence of malignant disease. A multivariate analysis showed that AGVHD was the major risk factor (p = 0.001) for developing poor graft function. In the 24 patients with poor graft function, hemopoietic recovery was strongly associated with resolution of AGVHD and of infections. Their survival (27%) was the same as survival for other patients matched for GVHD who had no pancytopenia. The causes of death were GVHD (n = 13), pneumonia (n = 3) and infections (n = 1). This study draws attention to a particular type of poor graft function following allogeneic BMT that is characterized by (1) normal timing and quality of engraftment, (2) AGVHD of grade II or greater, (3) progressive and severe pancytopenia, and (4) multiple infections with poor clinical condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Poor graft function associated with graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. 333 76

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be an inducer of the acute-phase response (APR) and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As blood cells of the monocyte lineage are known to be major producers of this cytokine, we wondered whether extreme peripheral leukopenia following total ablation of hematopoiesis could compromise IL-6 production during the first days after allogeneic or autologous BMT. In the absence of detectable circulating leukocytes we measured elevated IL-6 levels in six children having fever (> or = 38 degrees C) of presumed infectious origin with an average of 74 +/- 60 units/ml (range 19-309 units/ml). IL-6 levels in febrile children having a normal hematopoiesis (118 +/- 254 units/ml, range 17-1213 units/ml) were not significantly higher than those found in the febrile BMT group (p > 0.05). Moreover, there was a clear association between elevated IL-6 levels and the presence of fever. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also elevated (> or = 1 mg/dl), whereas tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was undetectable (< 1 pg/ml). Two transplanted patients without fever during the period of total aplasia had neither detectable CRP nor IL-6, thus demonstrating that the transplant procedure itself does not induce an APR. Our data obtained during maximal leukopenia following BMT show that a functional hematopoietic system is not necessary for regular production of IL-6, which is associated with fever. Cells of nonhematopoietic origin may contribute to this production.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in febrile children during maximal aplasia after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are similar to those in children with normal hematopoiesis. 763 10

A case of transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD) following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma is described in a 53 year-old male patient. The intraoperative bleeding was estimated to be 1220 ml, and he was transfused with 4 units of fresh whole blood. On postoperative day (POD) 12, a fever of 38 degrees C developed, followed by a systemic erythema on POD 14, and a marked progressive leukopenia starting from POD 19. The patient died of multiple organ failure (MOF) on POD 29. Just before death, the results of skin, bone marrow, and liver biopsies had no physical evidence of GVHD. TA-GVHD was found in the HLA typing of the patient's family. This TA-GVHD case was considered to be a reduced immunity due to severe surgical stress or preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), in view of the fact that he was transfused with fresh whole blood during the operation. TA-GVHD has frequently been reported in patients after open heart surgery, but also after hepatectomy. It is therefore necessary to take all available means to prevent it by restricting the use of blood preparations as much as possible, and if hetero blood transfusions are performed, blood should be irradiated prior to transfusion.
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PMID:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma--a case report. 800 27


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