Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-year-old woman presented with an 8-year history of slowly progressive diffuse nonscarring alopecia with loss of hair density. Scalp biopsy specimens showed increased miniaturized follicles and an asymmetric wedge-shaped lymphocytic infiltrate concentrated on the stem cell-rich region at the point of entry of sebaceous ducts and at bulge-like regions of multiple follicles. Several hair bulbs emerging at the stem cell compartment also were inflamed, but the hair bulbs in the deeper dermis and subcutis were spared. I speculate whether these findings may represent a stem cell folliculitis similar to the reaction pattern previously observed in graft versus host disease and in androgenetic alopecia. The additional presence of peribulbar lymphocytic inflammation could indicate that the patient had a variant of alopecia areata. The clinical presentation of a slowly progressive diffuse alopecia without progression to clinically recognizable alopecia areata and the prominent lymphocytic inflammation involving the stem cell compartment may prompt a reexamination of similar cases currently classified as chronic diffuse alopecia areata. The concept that lymphocytes can inhibit stem cell function without destroying the stem cells themselves needs consideration.
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PMID:Diffuse alopecia with stem cell folliculitis: chronic diffuse alopecia areata or a distinct entity? 1002 27

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (i.e. bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation) is a common procedure in the treatment of various haematological disorders such as aplastic anaemia, (pre)leukaemias, some malignant lymphomas, multiple myeloma and immunodeficiency states. Many of these patients develop erythematous skin lesions following transplantation. Although graft- versus-host disease is the major differential diagnosis in these situations, many other causes of erythema are encountered. The large number of transplant patients means that more and more pathologists are confronted with the challenging problem of making a correct diagnosis in these situations. In this review article we therefore describe the different causes of erythema and their differential diagnoses. In most cases the clinical presentation is related to the microscopical features. Besides acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, we discuss the (common) drug reactions and non-specific features such as Sweet's syndrome, erythema nodosum and eosinophilic folliculitis. In addition, we deal with the recurrence of original diseases and infections. With this knowledge every pathologist should feel comfortable when looking at skin biopsies of patients after haematological stem cell transplantation.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of skin lesions after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1265 43

We describe a patient with eosinophilic folliculitis (EF) that developed 3 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Skin biopsy specimen revealed numerous eosinophil infiltrations from the hair follicles to the sebaceous glands. No sign of skin graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was found. The skin lesions and peripheral eosinophilia subsided within 5 weeks. In the following 8 months, the rash did not recur and GVHD has not developed. Taken together with previous reports, the present case demonstrates that it is important to recognize this distinct skin condition to avoid an inference that it may manifest itself as one of the signs of skin GVHD.
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PMID:Eosinophilic folliculitis in a patient after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: case report and review of the literature. 1522 72

There are numerous dermatoses which may cause cicatricial alopecia when localized on the scalp, such as chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), lichen planus, graft-versus-host disease, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, cicatricial pemphigoid, porphyria cutanea tarda, follicular mucinosis, perifolliculitis capitis abscedens, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, necrobiosis lipoidica, sarcoidosis, etc. Histologically, cicatricial alopecia is characterized by dermal scarring, along with absent or reduced hair follicles and reduced number of erector pili muscles. According to working classification of cicatricial alopecia by the North American Hair Society, primary cicatricial alopecia may be divided into the following categories: lymphocytic group (e.g., DLE, lichen planopilaris, classic pseudopelade (Brocq), central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia); neutrophilic group (e.g., folliculitis decalvans, dissecting cellulitis); and mixed group (e.g., folliculitis keloidalis). Over a 5-year period, 36 patients with cicatricial alopecia were hospitalized at our Department: DLE (n = 27), pseudopelade Brocq (n = 3), mucinosis follicularis (n = 2), and lichen planopilaris, folliculitis decalvans, folliculitis abscedens and folliculitis keloidalis (one patient each). Clinical evaluation was compared with histopathologic analysis of follicular architecture, as well as with the type, localization and extent of inflammatory infiltrate. Scalp biopsy was considered mandatory in all cases. Our experience indicates the need of more complex research to extend the knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and treatment options for cicatricial alopecia. We hope that this type of alopecia may attract more attention and research in the future.
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PMID:Cicatricial alopecia as a manifestation of different dermatoses. 1731 39

Recently, a number of medications approved for nondermatologic use have proved useful against dermatologic diseases. This article reviews the dermatologic uses and effects of deferasirox, bortezomib, dasatinib, and cyclosporine eye drops. Deferasirox--an oral iron chelator--could be an effective treatment against porphyria cutanea tarda, hemochromatosis, and pathogens such as mucor that thrive in iron rich environments. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor and multiple myeloma treatment, may be effective against nodular amyloid and has been effectively used against squamous cell carcinoma; although trials demonstrate it is ineffective against metastatic melanoma. Bortezomib has many cutaneous side effects including erythematous plaques or nodules, a generalized morbilliform erythema with ulcerations and fever, purpuric eruptions, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Sweet's syndrome, and folliculitis. Dasatinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor active in vitro against most cell lines containing BCR-ABL mutations that confer resistance to imatinib. Dasatinib is likely to be effective against dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans and cutaneous acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and has caused panniculitis. Cyclosporine 0.05% ocular emulsion (eye drops) are approved to treat dry eyes including dry eyes caused by collagen vascular disease. Cyclosporine eye drops might also have utility in treating eye pathology of ocular rosacea, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, graft versus host disease, herpes keratitis, chronic sarcoidosis of the conjunctiva, conjunctival manifestations of actinic prurigo, keratitis of keratitis-ichthyosis deafness (KID) syndrome, and lichen planus-related kerato-conjunctivitis. This article speculates that cyclosporine eye drops would also be useful for any disease causing ectropion or eclabion of the eye as well as toxic epidermal necrolysis-related eye pathology (in particular corneal scarring).
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PMID:A review of deferasirox, bortezomib, dasatinib, and cyclosporine eye drops: possible uses and known side effects in cutaneous medicine. 1737 1

Beside to traditional use, dermoscopy is more and more used in the assessment of other "general" dermatologic conditions, namely scalp and hair disorders (trichoscopy), nails abnormalities (onychoscopy), skin infections and infestations (entomodermoscopy), and cutaneous inflammatory diseases (inflammoscopy). Among the list of new applications of dermoscopy, the study of inflammatory dermatoses is probably the most promising topic in terms of development and usefulness, considering the large number of such disorders and the frequent problems in their differential diagnosis which the dermatologist encounters in own daily clinical practice. In this paper, we report selected relatively common clinical differential diagnosis issues concerning inflammatory dermatoses (and some clinically related noninflammatory conditions), analysing them by a dermoscopic point of view in order to assist their noninvasive resolution according to the available literature data and our personal experience, including papulosquamous dermatoses (guttate psoriasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus, lymphomatoid papulosis, classic pityriasis rubra pilaris, papulosquamous sarcoidosis, disseminated forms of porokeratosis and papulosquamous chronic GVHD), dermatoses presenting with erythematous-desquamative patches/plaques (plaque psoriasis, eczematous dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, mycosis fungoides, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus), palmar psoriasis vs. chronic hand eczema, scalp psoriasis vs. seborrheic dermatitis, erythematous-desquamative disorders typically involving the elbows (psoriasis vulgaris, circumscribed juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris, dermatomyositis/Gottron's sign), itchy papulonodular dermatoses (hypertrophic lichen planus, prurigo nodularis, nodular scabies and acquired perforating dermatosis), common facial inflammatory skin diseases (rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis and demodicidosis), lichen sclerosus vs. morphea, urticaria vs. urticarial vasculitis and common inflammatory cicatricial alopecia (discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris and folliculitis decalvans).
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PMID:The practical usefulness of dermoscopy in general dermatology. 2608 12

Over the last few years, dermoscopy has been shown to be a useful tool in assisting the noninvasive diagnosis of various general dermatological disorders. In this article, we sought to provide an up-to-date practical overview on the use of dermoscopy in general dermatology by analysing the dermoscopic differential diagnosis of relatively common dermatological disorders grouped according to their clinical presentation, i.e. dermatoses presenting with erythematous-desquamative patches/plaques (plaque psoriasis, eczematous dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, mycosis fungoides and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus), papulosquamous/papulokeratotic dermatoses (lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, papulosquamous sarcoidosis, guttate psoriasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, classical pityriasis rubra pilaris, porokeratosis, lymphomatoid papulosis, papulosquamous chronic GVHD, parakeratosis variegata, Grover disease, Darier disease and BRAF-inhibitor-induced acantholytic dyskeratosis), facial inflammatory skin diseases (rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, lupus vulgaris, granuloma faciale and demodicidosis), acquired keratodermas (chronic hand eczema, palmar psoriasis, keratoderma due to mycosis fungoides, keratoderma resulting from pityriasis rubra pilaris, tinea manuum, palmar lichen planus and aquagenic palmar keratoderma), sclero-atrophic dermatoses (necrobiosis lipoidica, morphea and cutaneous lichen sclerosus), hypopigmented macular diseases (extragenital guttate lichen sclerosus, achromic pityriasis versicolor, guttate vitiligo, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, progressive macular hypomelanosis and postinflammatory hypopigmentations), hyperpigmented maculopapular diseases (pityriasis versicolor, lichen planus pigmentosus, Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome, Dowling-Degos disease, erythema ab igne, macular amyloidosis, lichen amyloidosus, friction melanosis, terra firma-forme dermatosis, urticaria pigmentosa and telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans), itchy papulonodular dermatoses (hypertrophic lichen planus, prurigo nodularis, nodular scabies and acquired perforating dermatosis), erythrodermas (due to psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, pityriasis rubra pilaris and scabies), noninfectious balanitis (Zoon's plasma cell balanitis, psoriatic balanitis, seborrheic dermatitis and non-specific balanitis) and erythroplasia of Queyrat, inflammatory cicatricial alopecias (scalp discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia and folliculitis decalvans), nonscarring alopecias (alopecia areata, trichotillomania, androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium) and scaling disorders of the scalp (tinea capitis, scalp psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis amiantacea).
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PMID:Dermoscopy in General Dermatology: A Practical Overview. 2761 97