Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reviewed results of secondary therapy in 427 patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who did not have a durable satisfactory response after primary treatment. At the beginning of secondary treatment, 320 patients (75%) had rash, 252 (59%) had liver dysfunction, and 228 (53%) had gut dysfunction. Secondary treatment was with glucocorticoids (n = 249), cyclosporine (n = 80), antithymocyte globulin (n = 114), or monoclonal antibody (n = 19) either singly (n = 390) or in combination (n = 37). Parameters of GVHD severity were recorded weekly, and responses were determined according to values at the initiation of tertiary treatment or, for patients without such treatment, using values on day 29 of secondary treatment or the last recorded values before death, whichever occurred first. Minimal criteria for improvement or deterioration were defined for each organ, but no attempt was made to define liver or gut outcome if another complication such as venocclusive disease or infectious enteritis was present. Improvement or resolution of GVHD in the respective organ was seen in 45% of patients with skin disease, 25% of patients with evaluable liver disease, and in 35% of patients with evaluable gut disease. Overall complete or partial responses were seen in 40% of patients. The highest complete response rate with secondary therapy (23%) was seen when GVHD recurred during the taper phase of primary glucocorticoid treatment and was managed by increasing the dose of glucocorticoids. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient, disease, or treatment factors associated with likelihood of complete response or overall improvement. A similar analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with time to treatment failure (defined as initiation of tertiary therapy or death not due to relapse of malignancy). Severe dysfunction in the skin, liver, and gut at the beginning of treatment was associated both with a decreased likelihood of complete response and an increased treatment failure rate. The times to treatment failure and the proportions of patients in various response categories were similar for primary and secondary treatment, suggesting that the potential efficacy of new immunosuppressive agents for treatment of acute GVHD can be assessed meaningfully in patients who have not responded adequately to initial therapy.
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PMID:A retrospective analysis of therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease: secondary treatment. 201 5

A 63-year-old patient developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after the transfusion of stored, random donor red cell concentrates with coronary artery surgery. The disease was characterised by skin rash, fever, diarrhoea, hepatic dysfunction, pancytopenia and the acquisition of cells bearing human leukocyte antigens of a blood donor. Clinical and histologic improvements were noted with antithymocyte-globulin and corticosteroid therapy, as seen in some patients with acute GVHD following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but the pancytopenia failed to resolve prior to a fatal cerebral haemorrhage. Early aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial for transfusion-associated GVHD but strategies for its prevention by limitation of the use of homologous blood need to be addressed.
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PMID:Transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease after cardiac surgery: response to antithymocyte-globulin and corticosteroid therapy. 835 10

A 73-year-old man developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after blood transfusion; he developed hepatitis, fever, rash, and pancytopenia. Although similar cases have been previously reported, the spectra of their liver injury was not clarified. The clinical and pathological findings of this case and a review of earlier reports suggest a possible predominance of hepatocellular injury in cases of GVHD after blood transfusion, which is in contrast to the prevalence of cholestatic liver disease in GVHD following bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Hepatic involvement in graft-versus-host disease associated with blood transfusion. 210 15

Fourteen patients with T-cell-derived leukemia and lymphoma underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). All patients were either in sensitive relapse or had adverse prognostic features, and five patients had a history of bone marrow involvement with disease. Patients received a median of 2 (1 to 3) prior chemotherapy regimens; 10 patients received local radiotherapy. After high-dose ablative therapy, greater than 500/mm3 granulocytes and greater than 20,000 untransfused platelets/mm3 were noted at a median of 23 (13 to 48) and 26 (15 to 43) days post-ABMT, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells, T cells (predominantly T8+), and monocytes were noted within the first 1 to 2 months post-AMBT, as seen in other series. Disease-free survival was a median of 10.1 months, 5.9 months for patients with T acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma and 25.6 months for patients with T non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Toxicities were common and severe. Thirty-six percent of patients developed bacteremias early post-BMT. Late complications included a skin rash consistent with graft versus host disease; infections with Herpes zoster, hepatitis, and Pneumocystis carinii; and the development of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative syndrome. Our findings suggest that patients who have undergone T-depleted ABMT have a profound immunodeficiency not reflected in the phenotypic reconstitution of the T and NK cells. Characterization of the functional deficiency may facilitate the development of methods to reduce the long-term toxicity of AMBT in these patients.
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PMID:T-cell-depleted autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy: analysis of immune deficiency and late complications. 219 91

We have reviewed results of therapy in 740 patients with grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic marrow transplantation. At the beginning of therapy, 597 patients (81%) had rash, 369 (50%) had liver dysfunction and 396 (54%) had gut dysfunction. Initial treatment was with glucocorticoids (n = 531), cyclosporine (n = 170), antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (n = 156) or monoclonal antibody (n = 3) either singly (n = 633) or in combination (n = 107). Parameters of GVHD severity in each organ were recorded weekly, and evaluation of response was made using values at the initiation of secondary treatment or, for patients without such treatment, using values on day 29 of primary treatment or the last recorded value before death, whichever occurred first. Minimal criteria for improvement or progression were defined for each organ, but no attempt was made to define liver or gut outcome if another complication such as venocclusive disease or infectious enteritis was present. Improvement rates were 43% for skin disease, 35% for evaluable liver disease and 50% for evaluable gut disease. Overall complete or partial responses were seen in 44% of patients. Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify patient, disease or treatment factors associated with likelihood of overall improvement and likelihood of response in at least one organ. A similar analysis was also carried out to identify covariates associated with time to treatment failure (defined as initiation of secondary therapy or death not due to relapse of malignancy). In all three models, GVHD prophylaxis using cyclosporine combined with methotrexate was associated with favorable GVHD treatment outcome compared to prophylaxis with either agent alone, and treatment with glucocorticoids or cyclosporine was more successful than treatment with ATG. Other factors associated with unfavorable outcome in the model of time to treatment failure and also entered in one of the response models were recipient HLA disparity with the donor, presence of a liver complication other than GVHD, and early onset of GVHD. Results of this analysis indicate that glucocorticoids represent the best initial therapy available for treatment of acute GVHD, although much room for improvement remains.
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PMID:A retrospective analysis of therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease: initial treatment. 220 21

A 9-yr-old white girl with acute monoblastic leukemia received an HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture-nonreactive bone marrow transplant from her sister. Twelve days after the transplant, a diffuse, pruritic, maculopapular rash involving the entire body surface (including the palms and soles) developed. Subsequent skin biopsy was consistent with cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, and biopsy-proven hepatic involvement manifested by severe, unremitting cholestatic jaundice soon followed. The patient's biliary status as monitored by serial liver biopsies demonstrated progression from chronic graft-versus-host disease to cirrhosis, culminating in death secondary to liver failure 25 mo after transplant.
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PMID:Secondary biliary cirrhosis as a consequence of graft-versus-host disease. 229 82

Results from phase I/II studies of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for bone marrow transplantation were reported. G-CSF in 200-800 micrograms/m2 was administered from day 3 or 5 daily for 14 days. A very rapid recovery of granulocytes was observed in most cases. Stem cell exhaustion was considered not serious. Stimulation on myeloid leukemic cells was observed in vitro tests, but relapse was observed in only 2 out of 17 myeloid leukemia patients. There was no marked difference in the grade and incidence of GVHD from historical control patients. As side effects, 3 cases of bone pain and 2 of skin rash were observed. All these symptoms were slight, reversible and tolerated for further administration. As a whole, courses of BMT with G-CSF seemed very smooth and uneventful with very rapid and steady recovery of granulocytes. G-CSF seemed promising for bone marrow transplantation in which the severe granulocytopenic stage is inevitable and normal stem cells without contact with cytostatic agents are procured.
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PMID:[Granulocyte colony stimulating factor for bone marrow transplantation]. 247 38

We report fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a patient who was not severely immunosuppressed. A 58-year-old man received 800 ml of fresh whole blood from his son and an unrelated volunteer donor during open heart surgery. On the 10th day after the operation, he suddenly had a high fever, followed by generalized skin rash and liver dysfunction. Pancytopenia due to bone marrow aplasia developed a week later. A skin biopsy revealed a cutaneous lesion highly compatible with acute GVHD. The patient did not respond to high-dose methylprednisolone therapy, and died of multiple organ failure on the 18th day after the operation.
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PMID:Fatal graft-versus-host disease following transfusion during open heart surgery. 258 55

The presence of an erythematous skin rash and hemorrhagic complications in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) suggest that the vasculature may be involved in the immunopathologic process. We reviewed endothelial and vascular histopathologic changes on light microscopy and on immunoperoxidase stained sections of skin biopsies obtained from 41 HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant recipients with at least grade 2 GVHD. Biopsies taken from 14 allogeneic HLA-identical bone marrow transplant recipients who never developed GVHD were used as controls. Sections were evaluated for evidence of immunologic vascular injury using the rank file analysis of histologic features, expression of HLA-DR antigen, and the distribution of fibrin and factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII RAg). Patients with acute GVHD had significantly greater intimal lymphocytic infiltrates, perivascular nuclear dust deposition, perivascular F VIII Rag extravasation and deposition and vascular proliferation than controls. We find significantly greater endothelial injury in GVHD patients, which may represent primary immunologic injury to the vasculature. The clinical findings in acute GVHD probably result from cumulative endothelial as well as epithelial injury.
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PMID:Endothelial-cell injury in cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease. 259 72

Graft-versus-host disease (GVDH)-like syndrome occurred in a 45 year-old man with duodenal ulcer who had received a transfusion of 8 units of packed red blood cells. Clinical features included high fever, macropapular rash, hepatic dysfunction, pancytopenia and, finally, fatal septicemia. A skin biopsy obtained from the chest revealed satellite cell necrosis of epidermal cells, mononuclear cell infiltrate of the upper dermis and epidermis, and vacuolar degeneration of basal cells. Autopsy bone marrow was aplastic. The occurrence of GVHD in immunologically normal individuals following blood transfusion is extremely rare.
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PMID:[Graft-versus-host disease-like syndrome following blood transfusion in a patient with duodenal ulcer]. 274 70


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