Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018133 (graft-versus-host disease)
 18,032 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspects of clinical immunology, in the context of transfusion medicine, became highlighted in the last decade as a consequence of the accelerating expansion of basic immunology, immunogenetics and molecular biology. In addition sophisticated new technologies, which were capable of producing pure and safe blood products, attracted more attention to research and monitor the consequences of transfusion. These technologies also had obvious effects on supportive hematological therapy. The transfusion of blood components follows the rules of organ transplantation: when there is a mismatch between the donor and the recipient, the transfusion has the potential to induce various kinds of immune response against alloantigens. Antigen-compatible transfusions that involve major and rare blood groups are in almost all cases mismatched with respect to various polymorphic systems expressed on the cellular blood components. These include histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA), tissue-specific and differentiation alloantigens, and, in the case of plasma, immunoglobulins, complement components, heat shock proteins, and shedded soluble membrane alloantigens. Clinical manifestations of alloimmune responses are typically deleterious. For example, immediate antigen-antibody binding and its consequences as secondary activations are paralleled by the nonhaemolytic febrile reaction, HLA sensitization can lead to a state of platelet refractoriness and inconvenient clinical symptoms. In certain immunogenetic situations and in immunodeficient patients graft-versus-host disease can be induced by blood products that contain live lymphocytes. Leukocyte filtration techniques are widely used to avoid most but not all of these harmful side effects of blood component therapy. In contrast to these harmful side effects in certain immunogenetic conditions, alloantigens that are expressed on various blood products can elicit an advantageous suppression of the immune response in the recipient. In the context of kidney transplantation this is termed the 'beneficial transfusion effect', and typically results in the prolongation of the graft's survival. In cases of recurrent habitual abortion and IgG therapy associated with certain autoimmune diseases, immunization with leukocytes specifically takes advantage of this phenomenon. To date the beneficial transfusion effect is not fully understood. In certain cases of malignancies or gastrointestinal surgeries this suppression of immune regulation that is induced by transfusion can worsen the clinical state either by permitting the spread of the tumor or by allowing severe infections to proceed unchecked. In conclusion it is imperative to monitor the immunological consequences of transfusion in order to deter the disadvantageous side effects. Taking advantage of the 'beneficial transfusion effect' may also provide a new means for immune therapy using the various blood products.
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PMID:Immunologic consequences of blood transfusion and their clinical manifestations. 941 32

CD83, either in its membrance-bound form (mCD83) or soluble form (sCD83), is an important immunomodulatory molecule in humans and mice. While mCD83 is immunostimulatory, sCD83 exhibits striking immunosuppressive activities, suggesting that sCD83 may be used to combat inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, graft-versus-host disease and habitual abortion. Although many studies had shed lights on the role of CD83 in humans and mice, little is known about CD83 in other animals. Recently, we showed that porcine CD83 had similar biochemical characteristics and immunoregulatory functions as its human counterpart. However, whether porcine sCD83 (psCD83) is involved in maintaining the immunological tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface and thereby prevents embryo loss and abortion during pregnancy is unclear. In this study, we used LPS-induced animal model to analyze the effect of porcine sCD83 on the mouse abortion. Results showed that psCD83 could significantly alleviate LPS-induced abortion in mice, indicating that the psCD83 had the function of fetal protection. Mechanically, psCD83-mediated fetal protection was related to the promotion on Th2 cytokine production, Treg cell differentiation and trophoblast invasion. This study provides a molecular basis for the fetal protection of psCD83, as well as a potential target for the regulation of maternal-fetal interfacial immune tolerance.
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PMID:Porcine soluble CD83 alleviates LPS-induced abortion in mice by promoting Th2 cytokine production, Treg cell generation and trophoblast invasion. 3281 Jul 92