Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microsomal and thyroglobulin autoantibody activity has been detected in synovial fluid from 34 of 50 patients with various arthritides (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthrosis, and gout). Serum from only 4 of these patients showed thyroid-autoantibody activity, and the serum titres were considerably lower than the synovial-fluid titres. This suggests that thyroid autoantibody is produced locally in the joints of these patients.
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PMID:Antithyroid-antibody activity in the snyovial fluid of patients with various arthritides. 8 33

The common factor in most of the rheumatic diseases is an arthritis. Radiometry and thermography have been shown to indicate and measure heat resulting from localised inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthrosis, gout and ankylosing spondylitis abnormal heat distribution has been recorded over affected joints. Experimental evidence has shown that temperature change reflects the inflammatory state of the joint, and that this may be used to measure the effect of therapy by oral, systemic and local drug therapy, and also surgery, i.e. synovectomy.
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PMID:Thermography and rheumatic diseases. 17 Sep 7

Radiographs are a clinician's most valuable tool in differential diagnosis of rheumatic disease and in assessment of its severity. The patterns of joint involvement and the specific bony changes characteristic of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome and psoriatic arthritis, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed here.
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PMID:Diagnosis of rheumatic disease. 1. Radiographs. 31 Sep 98

Fenoprofen1 (dl-2-[3-phenoxyphenyl]propionic acid) is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic agent advocated for use in rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. Published data suggest that in rheumatoid arthritis, fenoprofen 2.4 g daily is comparable in effectiveness with moderate doses of aspirin (3.6 to 4 g daily), but generally causes fewer and milder side-effects at the dosages used. In published comparisons with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents of the same chemical group, it is closely comparable with naproxen in effectiveness but tends to cause more minor side-effects than naproxen. However, as no one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is the most suitable drug for all patients requiring such therapy, fenoprofen should be considered along with the other drugs of its type in the initial treatment of the arthritic patient. Fenoprofen has compared favourably with phenylbutazone in osteoarthrosis of the hips and with aspirin in osteoarthrosis of the shoulders, hips, knees and spine. Its exact place in the management of gout and ankylosing spondylitis remains to be determined.
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PMID:Fenoprofen: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatic diseases. 32 48

Naproxen is a propionic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity which has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Naproxen has been well studied in rheumatoid arthritis and is as effective as aspirin but better tolerated, thus enabling more patients to continue with treatment. For this reason some clinicians now prefer to try propionic acid derivatives, such as naproxen, before aspirin in arthritic patients. In comparative studies with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, fenoprofen and others, all drugs were usually of similar overall efficacy although naproxen was sometimes preferred: but as with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, not all patients will respond to naproxen and in such cases other agents should also be tried until the most satisfactory drug is found for each patient. Naproxen is also effective in degenerative joint diseases of the hip and knee, although further well designed studies are needed to more clearly define its relative place compared with newer drugs such as diclofenac or diflunisal. Results of other comparative studies have shown that naproxen is a suitable alternative to phenylbutazone or indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis and to aspirin in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Naproxen appears to be effective in reducing pain and swelling in acute gout and is an effective analgesic in patients with pain following surgery or trauma and in pain of dysmenorrhoea. Naproxen has generally been better tolerated than aspirin or indomethacin at the dosages used. Because of its relatively long plasma half-life, naproxen can with convenieice be given twice daily, and there is some evidence that once daily dosage is as effective in rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Naproxen up to date: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy and use in rheumatic diseases and pain states. 38 72

Ibuprofen was introduced in England in 1967 and in the United States in 1974 as an anti-inflammatory drug in humans. It has weak but definite anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of aspirin, milligram for milligram, but with considerably less adverse effect on the stomach. Ibuprofen is chemically related to fenoprofen and naproxen, but lack of effect for any one in this chemical class of propionic-acid derivatives does not necessarily mean lack of effect for any other in an individual patient. The drug has analgesic properties, probably related to its anti-inflammatory effect. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has no effect on the adrenopituitary axis, making it a nonsteroidal agent. Ibuprofen has been shown to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and is probably effective in ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and Bartter's syndrome.
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PMID:Ibuprofen. 39 Nov 17

Evidence favoring genetic predisposition to each of the major classes of rheumatic diseases is reviewed, including juvenile-onset rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, ankylosing spondylitis and other syndromes associated with spondylitis, adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis, gout and pseudogout, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, simply inherited genetic diseases that may present with arthritis are noted for purposes of differential diagnosis. The importance of heterogeneous causes and mechanisms within each major class of disease is emphasized, both for patient care and for clinical investigation.
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PMID:Genetics of rheumatic diseases. 40 Aug 31

A group of 292 patients with diseases of the locomotor system was examined. Elevated activity of the liver isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was found in rheumatoid arthritis. Evaluation of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in these states is especially important for studying nonspecific irritation of the liver tissue as a result of long-term therapy. Significantly elevated bone isoenzyme activity was found in Paget's disease, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporomalacia, gout, the hyperuricaemic syndrome and some osteoarthroses. In these states, study of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes is of particular significance in evaluation of the development of metabolic bone changes. An association between elevated bone and intestinal isoenzyme activity was found. The diagnostic value of the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase is multiplied if the isoenzymes are also evaluated.
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PMID:Source and significance of serum alkaline phosphatases in diseases of the locomotor system. 61 71

In the management of rheumatic diseases, the use of corticosteroids should be reserved for active arthritis. Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) is probably the drug of choice for acute gout and is also effective in ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and psoriatic arthritis. Indomethacin (Indocin) also is useful in these conditions. Ibuprofen (Motrin) is only slightly more efficacious than aspirin. Aspirin is still the preferred treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and should be tried before ibuprofen. Osteoarthritis of the cervical or lumbar spine calls for a full program of physical therapy. Experimental procedures for total replacement of joints other than hip and knee show promise.
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PMID:Rheumatic diseases. 2. Therapeutic considerations. 108 14

Naproxen2, (+)-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthalene acetic acid, is a new non-steroidal anti=inflammatory agent advocated for use in rheumatiod arthritis, degenerative joint disease and ankylosing spondylitis. Published data suggest that in rheumatiod arthritis, naproxen 500mg daily comparable in efficacy with moderate doses of aspirin (3.6 to 4g daily) or 150mg daily of indomethacin, but generally causes fewer and milder side-effects than these drugs at the dosages used and can be given less frequently (12-hourly). Encouraging intial results have been reproted from its use in other inflammatory joint disorders, including acute gout and juvenile rheumatiod arthritis. It has compared favourably with indomethacin in ostioarthrosis of the hip of knee. Its exact place in the management of ankylosing spondylitis remains to be determined.
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PMID:Naproxen: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy and use. 109 33


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