Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anticollagen antibodies in human serum has been developed. With the use of this method, antibodies against native human Type II collagen were detected in 22.7% of sera from 480 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The antibodies were found to be collagen type specific, showing no reaction with human Type I and Type III collagens. The antibodies appeared in high incidence during the early phase of the disease, and RA patients with involvement of a single joint, mono-articular arthritis, were often positive for anti-Type II collagen antibodies. In most of these patients, anti-Type II collagen antibodies preceded the appearance of rheumatoid factors. The antibodies were all negative in sera from patients with gout, osteoarthritis (OA) and non-arthritic diseases. Thus, anti-Type II collagen antibody assay may have diagnostic significance for RA patients, especially those in whom laboratory and clinical findings provide only minimal help in diagnosis.
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PMID:The diagnostic significance of anti-type II collagen antibody assay in rheumatoid arthritis. 142 42

The number of crystal or birefringent particles associated with arthritis is increasing, and a uniform taxonomy is needed. The term gout has been proposed as a generic term for these diseases based on historical, clinical, and crystallographic reasons. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate gout follows monosodium urate gout in frequency, and its spectrum of clinical manifestations continues to grow. Familial calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate gout was described for the first time in kindreds studied in England and Tunisia; new Jewish and Spanish kindreds were also reported. Type I collagen was shown to nucleate nativelike calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, and pyrophosphate elaboration was explored in cartilage explants in an attempt to reproduce the in vivo metabolic or endocrine disorders associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate gout. The effect of pyrophosphatase and different cofactors such as magnesium in dissolving calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals was investigated. High-resolution electron microscopy was used to study the interrelation between apatite and other basic calcium phosphate crystals in apatite gout. Raman microscopy was applied for the first time to identify crystals in biologic specimens. A simple and specific technique for basic calcium phosphate crystal identification is necessary to understand the relationship between different calcium phosphate crystals and osteoarthritis. Several reports about children and young patients with primary oxalate gout described the effect of oxalate on eyes, periodontal tissues, and bone. Multicenter studies showed poor results of renal transplantation, but favored combined liver and renal transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate gout and other crystal deposition diseases. 165 74

Colchicine, which has been used for hundreds of years in the treatment of gout, has found a new use in the treatment of cirrhosis. In the experimental animal, and in vitro, colchicine decreases inflammation, inhibits collagen synthesis and also increases collagen degradation by activating collagenase. Many of the putative beneficial actions of the drug in cirrhosis, as well as its toxic side effects, are due to the fact that it binds to tubulin and thereby disrupts microtubules; however, it is unclear which of these actions, mostly demonstrated in the experimental animal, are present in the doses currently used in man. There have been 4 controlled trials of colchicine in various forms of cirrhosis, three of which have concerned primary biliary cirrhosis. Data are currently available on 146 colchicine-treated patients, of which 92 had primary biliary cirrhosis. Colchicine improves the conventional liver function tests in primary biliary cirrhosis and also reverses the basic defect in hepatic excretory capacity characteristic of this disease. The drug appears to have no significant effect on symptoms, clinical features or liver histology, but in 2 of the 3 primary biliary cirrhosis trials, as in the Mexican study of alcoholic and post-hepatitic cirrhosis, colchicine treatment was associated with improved survival.
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PMID:Colchicine in primary biliary cirrhosis. 177 43

Antibodies to type II collagen (Col II) in sera and synovial fluid (SF) were measured with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a solid phase sandwich method. The subjects included: 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 31 cases of osteoarthritis (OA); 10 cases of gouty arthritis; 4 cases of ankylosing spondylitis (AS); 5 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and 44 normal controls. The antigens used to detect antibodies against Col II were in native and heat-treated denatured forms, both of which were purified from chicken sternal cartilage by limited enzyme digestion and differential precipitation with salt. The reactivity to native type II collagen was generally higher than the reaction to the denatured collagen. In sera, significant higher levels of Col II were detected in the different arthritis groups when compared with the normal control group, with the exception of AS. In SF, the Col II was significantly higher in RA than it was in OA (p less than 0.001), while no difference was present between gout and OA (p less than 0.05). When native Col II was simultaneously measured in sera and SF among arthritics, positive rates were both higher among RA (65% and 58%, respectively). Positive rates were only higher in sera among OA (59% in sera and 3% in SF) and were both lower among gouty arthritis. The above findings show that the measurement of Col II is more important in SF than in sera.
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PMID:[The occurrence and clinical significance of antibodies to type II collagen in sera and synovial fluid of Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. 197 52

In this study, 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 10 with gout, 8 with scleroderma and 10 healthy volunteers were included. Antibodies to native and denatured human collagen types I, II and III were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The frequencies of antibodies to native collagen type II were 19% in the sera of 26 patients with RA. These antibodies were also cross-reacted with collagen types I and III and generally, their activities to collagen in synovial fluids were higher than that in the serum. Only one in 8 patients with scleroderma showed high serum antibodies to these collagens. However, levels of collagen antibodies in patients with RA were not correlated with levels of rheumatoid factor, IgG, IgM and IgA. There was no different in the interleukin (IL)-1 production by synovial cells stimulated by collagens from patients with either RA or gout. The correlation between anti-collagen antibodies and HLA-DR4 antigen was poor, though the presence of DR4 was common in patients with RA. These evidences suggest that collagen antibodies were important to joint pathology only in some of the patients with RA. Thus, collagen autoimmunity warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Collagen autoimmunity to rheumatoid arthritis. 209 4

The present authors analyzed the pathological alterations of 1966 tendons examined in the National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, during the past 18 years. The majority of cases proved to be tendinopathies (hypoxic-degenerative tendinopathy or calcific tendinitis, tendolipomatosis and mucoid degeneration) leading to tendon rupture. The incidence of tendon tumors, foreign bodies, infectious tendon diseases, and other pathological conditions was clearly lower. The methods of tissue preparation and of examination of tendon specimens were also evaluated. Light microscopy was sufficient for the diagnosis of pyogenic tendinitis, tumors, xanthoma, gout, and gangrene. In degenerative tendinopathies and alterations due to hereditary disease, electron microscopy was necessary. Polarization microscopy had a key role in examination of collagen structure and architecture, and identification of foreign bodies in the tendons. Enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical examination were reliable but not absolutely necessary in the diagnosis of tendon pathology.
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PMID:Pathological alterations in human tendons. 228 99

The kinetics of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal growth was studied by allowing calcium and pyrophosphate (PPi-4) ions to diffuse through a denatured collagen matrix (biological grade gelatin) in the presence of either monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) or hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. In this in vitro model system, MSU crystals significantly altered the kinetics of PPi-4 ionic diffusion through the gelatin matrix by allowing the [PPi-4] gradient to fall off much more rapidly, suggesting an increased level of scavenging of PPi-4 ions into crystalline materials. Even more significantly, the presence of MSU crystals markedly influenced the crystal growth morphology of triclinic CPPD, producing that observed in vivo. A large number of epitaxially dimensional matches between MSU and triclinic (t) and monoclinic (m) CPPD were identified, suggesting that MSU crystals can epitaxially induce CPPD crystal growth. This finding supports the hypothesis that the association of urate gout and CPPD crystal deposition disease is based on the nucleating potential of MSU crystals for CPPD crystal growth. In contrast, the HA crystal structure did not appear to serve as a nucleating agent for CPPD crystals. However, HA crystals did serve as effective traps for PPi-4 ions and their presence led to more stable CPPD crystal growth.
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PMID:Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition: the effect of monosodium urate and apatite crystals in a kinetic study using a gelatin matrix model. 284 Jul 35

Serum IgG antibodies to native and denatured human type II collagen (Col II) were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred and thirty one patients with various forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PSA). Reiter's Syndrome (RS), osteoarthritis (OA), and gout, 60 with autoimmune connective tissue disease, and 37 with the chronic inflammatory conditions--graft versus host disease and leprosy--were studied. With the exception of RS, PSA, OA, and gout, significant levels of Col II antibodies were detected in each disease group. Blocking studies with types I and II collagen on selected serum samples confirmed the specificity to native Col II, though some cross reactivity was apparent with denatured collagen. The patients with RA who were Col II antibody positive tended to fall into stage III of disease progression. There was, however, no correlation with rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or disease duration and this, together with the finding that Col II antibodies are present in a wide array of diseases, makes their role in the pathogenesis of RA questionable. They may arise as a secondary disease perpetuating mechanism in some patients, or in turn may be an epiphenomenon secondary to generalised disturbed immunoregulation or B cell hyperreactivity, or both, that characterises these clinical conditions.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to type II collagen: occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis, other arthritides, autoimmune connective tissue diseases, and chronic inflammatory syndromes. 336 30

Numerous musculoskeletal and collagen diseases can affect the cervical spine and TMJs as well as other joints in the body, resulting in pain and dysfunction. A rational approach has been presented to aid in the differential diagnosis of these disorders when they involve the TMJs. When systemic inflammatory diseases such as gout, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis are suspected, the patient should be seen jointly with a rheumatologist to better manage medication and rehabilitation of the patient. Although rheumatologic diseases may appear complex, they can be differentiated and managed with minimal difficulty for the dentist. Early relief of acute pain and long-term successful management, however, will depend on the clinician's ability to understand the disease process, establish an accurate diagnosis, and apply the proper therapeutic measures.
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PMID:A rational approach to the differential diagnosis of arthritic disorders. 346 54

A 60-year-old man presented with polyarthralgias, a psoriasiform rash, and severe elbow pain. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow biopsy established a diagnosis of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Biopsy of the skin lesions revealed a nonspecific dermatitis. The clinical presentation was inconsistent with psoriatic arthritis, and there was no evidence for associated gout or collagen-vascular disease. Histological examination of tissue taken at the time of synovectomy indicated elbow arthritis to be due to myeloid metaplasia involving the synovial membrane.
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PMID:Arthritis due to synovial involvement by extramedullary haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. 684 65


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