Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fenoprofen1 (dl-2-[3-phenoxyphenyl]propionic acid) is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic agent advocated for use in rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. Published data suggest that in rheumatoid arthritis, fenoprofen 2.4 g daily is comparable in effectiveness with moderate doses of aspirin (3.6 to 4 g daily), but generally causes fewer and milder side-effects at the dosages used. In published comparisons with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents of the same chemical group, it is closely comparable with naproxen in effectiveness but tends to cause more minor side-effects than naproxen. However, as no one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is the most suitable drug for all patients requiring such therapy, fenoprofen should be considered along with the other drugs of its type in the initial treatment of the arthritic patient. Fenoprofen has compared favourably with phenylbutazone in osteoarthrosis of the hips and with aspirin in osteoarthrosis of the shoulders, hips, knees and spine. Its exact place in the management of gout and ankylosing spondylitis remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Fenoprofen: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatic diseases. 32 48

Naproxen is a propionic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity which has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Naproxen has been well studied in rheumatoid arthritis and is as effective as aspirin but better tolerated, thus enabling more patients to continue with treatment. For this reason some clinicians now prefer to try propionic acid derivatives, such as naproxen, before aspirin in arthritic patients. In comparative studies with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, fenoprofen and others, all drugs were usually of similar overall efficacy although naproxen was sometimes preferred: but as with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, not all patients will respond to naproxen and in such cases other agents should also be tried until the most satisfactory drug is found for each patient. Naproxen is also effective in degenerative joint diseases of the hip and knee, although further well designed studies are needed to more clearly define its relative place compared with newer drugs such as diclofenac or diflunisal. Results of other comparative studies have shown that naproxen is a suitable alternative to phenylbutazone or indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis and to aspirin in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Naproxen appears to be effective in reducing pain and swelling in acute gout and is an effective analgesic in patients with pain following surgery or trauma and in pain of dysmenorrhoea. Naproxen has generally been better tolerated than aspirin or indomethacin at the dosages used. Because of its relatively long plasma half-life, naproxen can with convenieice be given twice daily, and there is some evidence that once daily dosage is as effective in rheumatoid arthritis.
 ...
PMID:Naproxen up to date: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy and use in rheumatic diseases and pain states. 38 72

D-2-(6'-Methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) is a relatively well-known non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agent useful for long-term usage. The efficacy of naproxen in controlling the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis had been uniformly demonstrated in an extensive series of international double-blind trials lasting from a few weeks to four months. This paper deals with our experience with naproxen after 5 1/2 years of continuous usage. During this period of time ten different studies were conducted at the Rheumatology Departments of the General Hospital, Mexico City. The efficacy and tolerance of naproxen have been studied in the following indications: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute and chronic gout and non-articular rheumatism. In these studies the usual clinical methods were used and some special objective methods were utilized in some others, for example, enzymology, scintigraphy, histopathology and arthroscopy. Some of these studies were comparative ones vs. some other well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds such as aspirin, indometacin and ibuprofen. During the last 5 1/2 years 877 patients with different theumatic conditions were treated and observed in our Department and in the private practice. In 365 patients with rheumatoid arthritis excellent results were obtained in 34%, good in 36%, fair in 24% and negative in only 6%. In 358 patients with osteoarthritis excellent results were obtained in 28.2%, good in 46.6%, fair in 20% and negative in 5.3%. In 15 patients with acute gout using naproxen as exclusive therapy, excellent results were observed in nine patients very good in four, and unsatisfactory in only two cases. In 35 patients with chronic gout excellent results were observed in 22, good in 11 and negative in two. 93 patients out of the 877 studied since June 1969 used naproxen continuously as anti-rheumatic therapy for more than one year; 33 for more than two years; four patients for more than three years and five of the patients in a few days will complete 5 1/2 years. The side effects of the compound observed during this long period of time in these 877 patients on the g.i. tract, CNS, etc., although present in a limited number of cases (in less than 10% of total number of patients) were definitely less than those observed usually during anti-inflammatory therapy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and objective assessments of naproxen through 5 years of clinical experience. 80 24

The need for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent effective in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis and related diseases with reduced side effects when compared to existing drugs led us to develop naproxen: d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid. This new agent is a highly effective anti-inflammatory, analgetic, and antipyretic agent in the rodent administered orally. In a rat paw edema test for anti-inflammatory activity naproxen was 55 times more active than aspirin. Analgetic activity was assessed by three different assay procedures. In the mouse phenylquinone writhing test naproxen was 7 times as effective as aspirin. In the rat yeast-induced paw edema and the rat carrageenin paw edema analgetic assays the test compound was 10 and 20 times more effective than aspirin, respectively. A yeast-induced pyresis model in the rat indicated that naproxen was 22 times more potent than the standard aspirin. The relative potency of naproxen to phenylbutazone and indometacin is presented.
 ...
PMID:Chemistry and pharmacology of naproxen. 117 74

Naproxen (2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid) is widely used for the treatment of pain and swelling associated with arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions. Naproxen has been detected in municipal sewage outflows and in surface waters and could reach agricultural land through the application of municipal biosolids or reclaimed water. The persistence characteristics of naproxen in three agricultural soils were investigated. In laboratory microcosms of moist soil incubated at 30 degrees C, [O-14CH3]naproxen was rapidly and thoroughly mineralized to 14CO2 with comparable kinetics in a sandy loam soil, a loam soil, and a silt loam soil. Naproxen mineralization was responsive to soil temperature and soil moisture content, consistent with the primary mechanism of dissipation being biodegradation. Mineralization of naproxen was hastened by the addition of liquid municipal biosolids (LMBs) from a municipal sewage treatment plant that aerated this material. Naproxen was stable in autoclaved soils with or without addition of autoclaved LMBs, whereas naproxen was rapidly mineralized in sterile soil supplemented with nonsterile LMBs. An enrichment culture was obtained from aerobically digested LMBs in a mineral salts medium with naproxen as the sole source of carbon. The culture converted the parent compound to the corresponding naphthol, O-desmethyl naproxen. In summary, naproxen was rapidly removed from soil, with mesophilic aerobic biodegradation being the primary mechanism of dissipation. Microorganisms carried in biosolids enhanced naproxen dissipation in soil, with the initial mechanism of attack likely being O-demethylation. We conclude on this basis that naproxen in soils receiving biosolids would be readily biodegradable and, in the absence of preferential flow or runoff, pose little risk for contamination of adjacent water or crops.
 ...
PMID:Fate of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen in agricultural soil receiving liquid municipal biosolids. 1841 73

The compound ibuprofen, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, has been known e.g. from Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 28(th) edition, 1982, p.256, as a drug which had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory diseases of joints, soft tissue rheumatism and gout. Ibuprofen, because of its analgesic properties, has been widely used as anodyne, e.g. against pain or discomfort associated with headache, toothache or menstruation.A medication suitable to combat acute pain is demanded to display its effects fast which action, in turn, is only achieved by a quick release and good bio-availability of the active-ingredient. It is for the commercial forms in particular that the conditions of preparation must be strictly observed, as minor alterations in production procedures such as mixing, pressure of compression and type of machine will affect the physical properties of the particles of he active ingredient and will deteriorate its bio-availability. It is an object of this presentation to provide a medicament that can be readily taken that contains an active amount of ibuprofen in a carrier, that is simple to prepare and that will quickly display a high activity.
 ...
PMID:Formulation and evaluation of transparent ibuprofen soft gelatin capsule. 2306 24