Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We observed previously that allopurinol, which was used for the treatment of gout, had a life saving effect after experiment on traumatic shock rats and hemorrhagic shock rabbits. To evaluate the effect of allopurinol fifteen patients undergoing open heart surgery who were considered to have similar metabolic derangement in shock patient were examined. Allopurinol was given orally 2 mg per kg body weight twice before the start of nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anesthesia. In the control group of ten patients who were not treated with allopurinol, serum uric acid increased, the lactate/pyruvate ratio rose and beta-glucuronidase activity increased respectively after open heart surgery as in shock. But the metabolic changes of the fifteen patients pretreated with allopurinol were less significant, although same tendency was observed. The heart beat of all patients except one case in the allopurinol group, started spontaneously after extracorporeal circulation without using DC counter shock. In the control group all patients needed DC counter shock. We concluded that allopurinol was effective in preventing damage of cellular structures and derangements of metabolism of patients undergoing open heart surgery.
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PMID:Effect of allopurinol (zyloric) on patients undergoing open heart surgery. 47 98

In 60 patients (48 cases were evaluated) with primary gout a longterm therapy (5--10 years) with Allopurinol was performed. Without treatment 4.4 sudden onsets of gout per patient and year were registrated; under Allopurinol only 0.062 (p less than 0.001) onsets were observed. This resulted in a large decrease in hospitalisation time from 44 days to 0.62 days per patient and year. In the majority of cases involution or diminuation of the tophi was found. In 7 cases of nephrolithiasis no further renal colic took place. In 8.3% a skin rasch and in 12.5% a slight gastrointestinal side effect was observed. Together with the clinical results the socio-medical aspects are discussed and the importance of gout in respect to the socioeconomic point of view is pointed out.
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PMID:[Clinical and socio-medical aspects of long term uricostatic treatment of primary gout (a 5-10 year study)]. 68 12

A study of the clinical profile of gout-diagnosed patients was undertaken within general practice in Great Britain. At the time of the first attack of acute gouty arthritis, the mean age was 52.3 years and 15.6% of the total 1077 patients were female. Males had an earlier clinical onset than females and the average frequency of attacks of acute gouty arthritis was 0.91 per patient year. Ten per cent of the cases were believed to be secondary gout, with diuretic therapy the most frequent cause. The sample showed a highly significant association between gout and the higher social classes, a family history among blood relatives in 23% of cases, tophi were noted in 4.6% of cases where sought and 38.2% of cases were 10% or more overweight and significantly heavier than a non-gouty population. The great toe joint was most frequently involved, both in the first episode and in all acute episodes combined. The most frequently occurring associated chronic condition was hypertension which was present in 27.8% of cases. Renal stones occurred in 6.1% and renal impairment in 2.2%. Only 20.4% of the patients were referred to hospital, with the younger being referred more frequently than the older. Those with joint involvement other than the great toe had a greater chance of being referred, as did those who also had angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and hypertension. Allopurinol appeared to be the drug of choice for long-term control therapy and phenylbutazone for the acute attack.
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PMID:The gout patient in general practice. 73 15

Some of the drugs, which are used in therapy of gout were tested with respect to their influence on semi-conservative DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair in vitro, using different cell systems. The agents (Benzbromarone, Allopurinol, Thiopurinol) were investigated in concentrations similar to blood-levels in normal therapy. The cells were irradiated with ultraviolet or ionizing radiation in order to damage their DNA and DNA-repair (unscheduled DNA-synthesis) was estimated by measuring the incorporation of radioactively labeled thymidine into acid insoluble material under appropriate conditions. The substances showed different effects on DNA-synthesis as well as on DNA-repair, even then, when their supposed influence on enzymes of nucleotide metabolism, was similar.
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PMID:[The effect of uricosuric and uricostatic drugs on DNA metabolism]. 100 59

Allopurinol was administered to seven patients with gout to compare the effects of three different methods of administration. Allopurinol 100 mg given three times daily. Allopurinol given once daily as three 100 mg tablets. Allopurinol given once daily as a single 300 mg tablet. Allopurinol as a single dose in the morning gave as sustained control of plasma levels as did divided administration.
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PMID:Single daily dose of allopurinol. 109 82

Allopurinol, now established as a standard form of therapy in hyperuricemia and gout, may be associated with life-threatening skin reactions. This study reports the occurrence of toxic epidermal necrolysis TEN) in three patients receiving Allopurinol. The patients receiving allopurinol. The patients had complicated medical illnesses and were receiving various other medications, but the most apparent common denominator was allopurinol ingestion. Two other cases of TEN and five cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions with vasculitis and extensive skin manifestations, secondary to this drug, have been described in the recent literature. Allopurinol has several unique biochemical and metabolic properties that may increase its ability to cause hypersensitivity or toxic skin reactions.
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PMID:Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with allopurinol administration. 123 41

Experience with chemodissolution of uric acid stones in 30 patients is presented. Chemodissolution was achieved either with infusion of 0.16 M i.v. lactate or oral sodium bicarbonate, in addition to liberal fluid intake and allopurinol wherever indicated. In some cases direct chemodissolution by in situ irrigation with sodium bicarbonate solution was done after an initial percutaneous nephrostomy. Seven patients presented with acute obstructive anuria. In this group, 5 of them had bilateral obstructive calculi, while 2 had unilateral obstruction in a solitary kidney. The latter 2 had complete recovery following intravenous lactate therapy. Of the 5 presenting with bilateral obstruction, 2 patients had complete response to chemodissolution, whereas the remaining 3 had only a partial response requiring surgery for ultimate salvage. In this group I, 6 patients are doing well with a normal serum creatinine at 3 months to 4 years follow-up, while 1 patient has a serum creatinine, stabilised at 3.2 mg%. In the second group, 23 patients presented with non-obstructing urinary stones. Flank pain was the commonest complaint and a concomitant history of gout was present in 6 patients. Hyperuricaemia was detected in 12 and hyperuricosuria in 19. All cases were managed by high fluid intake and oral sodium bicarbonate, with self-monitoring of urine pH, which was kept between 6.5 and 7.0. Allopurinol was administered in cases having hyperuricaemia and/or hyperuricosuria. Systemic alkali therapy in the form of intravenous molar lactate or sodium bicarbonate is effective and safe both in obstructive anuria and non-obstructive urinary uric acid stones.
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PMID:Chemodissolution of urinary uric acid stones by alkali therapy. 131 80

Gout is a common disease in the primary health care setting. Diagnosis of primary gout is definite if urate crystals are present in synovial fluid or tophi. The colchicine therapeutic trial is a useful diagnostic aid but not specific. Secondary gout is associated with myeloproliferative disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or colchicine are the main stays of treatment in acute gouty arthritis. In the inter-critical period, uricosuric agents or allopurinol can be used to control hyperuricaemia. Allopurinol is the treatment of choice in secondary gout. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia is not an indication for therapy.
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PMID:Gout. 141 72

Rats fed a high galactose (30% galactose) diet (w/w) or made diabetic by injecting streptozotocin developed mature cataracts in approximately 45 and 90 days, respectively. Addition of allopurinol, a commonly used drug in the therapy of gout, to the high galactose diet or to the normal diet fed to diabetic rats advanced cataractogenesis in both the groups by approximately 50%. Allopurinol fed to control rats did not cause cataract formation. Feeding butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), an antioxidant, prevented the allopurinol-induced advancement of cataract formation in galactosemic and diabetic rats. Assuming that these results are applicable in human subjects, there is need for caution in using allopurinol for the therapy of gout in diabetic subjects.
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PMID:Allopurinol promotes and butylated hydroxy toluene prevents sugar-induced cataractogenesis. 234 94

Values of released enzymes from PMNL under resting conditions and after phagocytic stimulation in non-treated patients with gout were increased in comparison with healthy controls and hyperuricemic patients without joint involvement. Allopurinol, given to gout-patients for 3 weeks, had an inhibitory effect on PMNL lysosomal enzyme release from which was also observable after stimulation by opsonized zymosan. Similar results were obtained in experiments in vitro. The 1 hr preincubation of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes with allopurinol in concentrations from 0.01 mM-1 mM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of enzymes released into extracellular space.
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PMID:The effect of allopurinol on lysosomal enzyme release. 271 78


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