Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We observed previously that allopurinol, which was used for the treatment of gout, had a life saving effect after experiment on traumatic shock rats and hemorrhagic shock rabbits. To evaluate the effect of allopurinol fifteen patients undergoing open heart surgery who were considered to have similar metabolic derangement in shock patient were examined. Allopurinol was given orally 2 mg per kg body weight twice before the start of nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anesthesia. In the control group of ten patients who were not treated with allopurinol, serum uric acid increased, the lactate/pyruvate ratio rose and beta-glucuronidase activity increased respectively after open heart surgery as in shock. But the metabolic changes of the fifteen patients pretreated with allopurinol were less significant, although same tendency was observed. The heart beat of all patients except one case in the allopurinol group, started spontaneously after extracorporeal circulation without using DC counter shock. In the control group all patients needed DC counter shock. We concluded that allopurinol was effective in preventing damage of cellular structures and derangements of metabolism of patients undergoing open heart surgery.
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PMID:Effect of allopurinol (zyloric) on patients undergoing open heart surgery. 47 98

Lysozyme and lactoferrin levels were measured in 71 synovial fluids (SF) of patients with traumatic effusions, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout, septic arthritis, and gout, as well as in 91 synovial fluids graded according to their neutrophil count. Elevated lysozyme levels were found in all the inflammatory arthritides and also in osteoarthritis. Lactoferrin levels were not increased in osteoarthritis but displayed a close correlation to the extent of the inflammatory response as judged by SF neutrophilia. The ratio of lysozyme to lactoferrin decreased progressively with increasing SF neutrophilia. In vitro experiments showed that lactoferrin is released from neutrophils isochronously with lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase. Lactoferrin was not found in hyaline cartilage, a tissue known to contain lysozyme. These results are consistent with belief that SF lysozyme has a major derivation from both cartilage and neutrophils, and that lactoferrin arises only from neutrophils. These findings indicate that the simultaneous measurement of lysozyme and lactoferrin provides a potentially useful index of both joint inflammation and cartilage degradation.
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PMID:Lactoferrin and lysozyme levels in synovial fluid: differential indices of articular inflammation and degradation. 83 40

The release of human platelet constituents by the etiologic agent of gout, the monosodium urate crystal, is described here. In suspensions of washed platelets, response to urate crystals proceeded in two phases: A secretory phase involved the rapid active release of serotonin, ATP, and ADP with little loss of lactic dehydrogenase or beta-glucuronidase. A lytic phase involved the slower loss of all platelet constituents. Both phases were inhibited by iodoacetate plus dinitrophenol, suggesting an energy requirement. In ultrastructural studies, lysis of washed platelets which appeared to contain crystals was seen. Urate crystals were also shown to induce serotonin release and platelet lysis in citrated platelet-rich plasma. Since urate crystals are deposited at a variety of sites, urate crystal-platelet interaction in vivo is a possibility. Such interactions, leading to release of platelet constituents, might contribute to gouty inflammation or to enhanced atherogenesis.
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PMID:Release of platelet constituents by monosodium urate crystals. 90 64

The traditional Chinese antirheumatic herb Danggui-Nian-Tong-Tang (DGNTT) was studied comparatively with indomethacin and allopurinol to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and antihyperuricemic effects in patients with gout. Results in this study did not show any significant improvement in reducing the total number of painful and swollen joints, articular index and pain score (P > 0.05) by treatment with DGNTT. Unlike allopurinol, DGNTT did not lower the high serum level of uric acid. In vitro study in rats showed that DGNTT significantly inhibits the activity of beta-glucuronidase (P < 0.05) and lysozyme release (P < 0.01) from neutrophils. In conclusion, despite the effect of inhibition on enzyme release from neutrophils, DGNTT is not effective in treating acute arthritis or hyperuricemia.
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PMID:The anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic effects of Chinese herbal formula danggui-nian-tong-tang on acute gouty arthritis: a comparative study with indomethacin and allopurinol. 857 22

Gout is a rheumatic disease that is manifestated by an intense inflammation secondary to monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints. In the present study, we assessed the effect of 6-shogaol (isolated active principle from ginger) on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice; an experimental model for gouty arthritis and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-alpha were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. The levels of beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro. The levels of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-alpha and paw volume were increased significantly and the activities of anti-oxidant status were in turn decreased in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice, whereas these changes were reverted to near normal levels upon 6-shogaol administration. In vitro, 6-shogaol reduced the level of beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes in concentration dependent manner when compared to control cells. The present results clearly indicated that 6-shogaol exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect and can be regarded as useful tool for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.
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PMID:6-Shogaol inhibits monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation--an in vivo and in vitro study. 1981 86