Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colchicine is a commonly used drug for the treatment of gout and other indications. Toxicity from intentional oral overdoses of colchicine has been reported. Two cases are reported here in which colchicine was given by intravenous injection, and patients presented with multiorgan toxicity. The authors tested plasma and urine colchicine levels in these patients and found them significantly elevated. Testing of the vial from which the colchicine injections were given showed that the vial was mislabeled and contained 10-fold greater concentration of drug than the labeling indicated. These patients thus received a bolus dose of 20 mg of intravenous colchicine rather than the intended 2-mg dose. An intravenous dose of this magnitude has not previously been reported.
Ther Drug Monit 2004 Dec
PMID:Accidental intravenous colchicine poisoning. 1557 Jan 96

We examined the incidence of renal function deterioration (RFD) in a population of male gout patients and to identify associated risk factors. Subjects who had been regularly followed up for more than 2 years and had visited Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center Rheumatology Clinic between June 1, 2006 and January 31, 2007 were enrolled. Four subjects were excluded as secondary gout was suspected. Group I (Gr I) comprised subjects without RFD and group II (Gr II) comprised subjects with RFD during the follow-up period. RFD was defined as absolute increment in creatinine (Cr) levels over 0.4 mg/dl for subjects with baseline Cr levels <or=1.4 mg/dl or as more than 50% increment of baseline Cr level per 12-month interval in average for subjects with baseline Cr levels >1.4 mg/dl. Clinical parameters were analyzed to study the potential risk factors of RFD. Of 318 male gout patients, 296 (93.1%) were categorized as Gr I, and 22 (6.9%) were categorized as Gr II. The observation periods for Gr I and Gr II were 81.20+/-53.29 and 92.41+/-46.72 months, respectively (p=0.338). Initial Cr levels are similar between the two groups (1.25+/-0.51 vs 1.25+/-0.61, p=0.963). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that current age, age at disease onset, disease duration, treatment duration, body weight, height, family history of gout, tophi, urolithiasis, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, history of cerebral vascular accident, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, base-line and final Cr, blood urea nitrogen level, serum uric acid level, and body-mass index were not independent risk factors. However, history of ischemic heart disease [IHD; odds ratio (OR) 7.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99-29.70] and greater waist circumference (WC; OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11) were two independent risk factors of RFD. Additionally, the Cox multivariable analysis disclosed that IHD (p<0.001) and greater WC (p=0.011) deteriorated kidney function in these patients. The incidence of RFD in male gout patients is 6.9%. History of IHD and greater WC are two independent risk factors for developing RFD.
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PMID:Ischemia heart disease and greater waist circumference are risk factors of renal function deterioration in male gout patients. 1803 May 16

Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uric acid usually forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates in serum. Clinically, overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid results in the elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA), termed hyperuricemia, which has long been established as the major etiologic factor in gout. Accordingly, urate-lowering drugs such as allopurinol, an XOR-inhibitor, are extensively used for the treatment of gout. In recent years, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has significantly increased and more clinical investigations have confirmed that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and many other diseases. Urate-lowering therapy may also play a critical role in the management of these diseases. However, current XOR-inhibitor drugs such as allopurinol and febuxostat may have significant adverse effects. Therefore, there has been great effort to develop new XOR-inhibitor drugs with less or no toxicity for the long-term treatment or prevention of these hyperuricemia-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of uric acid homeostasis and alterations, updated prevalence, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular pathophysiology of hyperuricemia-related diseases. We also summarize current discoveries in the development of new XOR inhibitors.
Med Sci Monit 2016 Jul 17
PMID:Hyperuricemia-Related Diseases and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors: An Overview. 2742 35

BACKGROUND To use a gout-specific quality of life (QoL) tool, the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), to evaluate characteristics of gout affecting QoL in subjects with gout. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 169 individuals with gout completed the 24-item GIS and a general questionnaire regarding gout characteristics. The reliability and validity of the GIS were verified by Cronbach's a and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. The impact of gout characteristics on the QoL of subjects with gout was assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The 169 subjects with gout included 149 (88.2%) men and 20 (11.8%) women, of median age 43 years. The reliability of the GIS was appropriate (0.84-0.90), except for Gout Medication Side Effects (0.69) and Unmet Gout Treatment Need (0.59). Exploratory factor analysis showed that construct validity was acceptable, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 5 common factors of 70.09% and factor loading >0.5 between each pair of items of the GIS. Univariate analysis showed that male sex was positively correlated with Well-being During Attack (p<0.05), and that source of medical expenses, current cigarette use and drinking were significantly correlated with Unmet Gout Treatment Need (p<0.05 each). A family history of gout, gout flares, and attack frequency were significantly correlated with total GIS, Well-being During Attack, and Gout Concern during Attack (p<0.05 each). Multivariate analysis suggested that history of gouty arthritis, acute attack and attack frequency had a considerable impact on QoL (p<0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS The GIS showed acceptable reliability and validity in identifying associations between poor QoL and gout characteristics.
Med Sci Monit 2020 Sep 29
PMID:Use of the Gout Impact Scale to Evaluate Quality of Life in Chinese Subjects with Gout: A Cross-Sectional Study. 3299 72