Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study evaluated risk factors for age-related nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and mixed cataracts. The 1380 participants were ophthalmology outpatients, aged 40 to 79 years, classified into the following groups: posterior subcapsular only, 72 patients; nuclear only, 137 patients; cortical only, 290 patients; mixed cataract, 446 patients; and controls, 435 patients. In polychotomous logistic regression analyses, low education increased risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46) and regular use of multivitamin supplements decreased risk (OR = 0.63) for all cataract types. Dietary intake of riboflavin, vitamins C, E, and carotene, which have antioxidant potential, was protective for cortical, nuclear, and mixed cataract; intake of niacin, thiamine, and iron also decreased risk. Similar results were found in analyses that combined the antioxidant vitamins (OR = 0.40) or considered the individual nutrients (OR = 0.48 to 0.56). Diabetes increased risk of posterior subcapsular, cortical, and mixed cataracts (OR = 1.56). Oral steroid therapy increased posterior subcapsular cataract risk (OR = 5.83). Females (OR = 1.51) and nonwhites (OR = 2.03) were at increased risk only for cortical cataract. Risk factors for nuclear cataract were a nonprofessional occupation (OR = 1.96), current smoking (OR = 1.68), body mass index (OR = 0.76), and occupational exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.61). Gout medications (OR = 2.48), family history (OR = 1.52), and use of eyeglasses by age 20 years, which is an indicator of myopia (OR = 1.44), increased risk of mixed cataract. The results support a role for the nutritional, medical, personal, and other factors in cataractogenesis. The potentially modifiable factors suggested by this study merit further evaluation.
 ...
PMID:The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study. Risk factors for cataract. 184 56

This study evaluated risk factors for increases in nuclear opacification of the lens in the Longitudinal Study of Cataract (1989-1993; Boston, Massachusetts), which included 764 participants. Baseline data on demographic, medical, and other risk factors were available from an earlier case-control study; follow-up visits were completed yearly over a 4-year period. The lens photographs taken at baseline and at each follow-up visit were graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III protocol. Analyses evaluated which risk factors collected at baseline were related to increased nuclear opacification at follow-up. The MULCOX2 method, an extension of Cox regression for nested event-time data, was used to estimate the effects of the risk factors. This method accounted for the correlation between fellow eyes. Results showed that the risk of nuclear opacification increased with each year of age (relative risk (RR) = 1.07), white race (RR = 2.94), lower education (RR = 1.50), use of gout medications (RR = 2.32), current smoking (RR = 1.58), family history of cataract (RR = 1.39), and preexisting posterior subcapsular opacities (RR = 6.67). An association with early use of eyeglasses was also suggested (RR = 1.37). In conclusion, nuclear opacification was related to demographic and other variables, including potentially modifiable factors such as current smoking and use of gout medications. Most risk factors identified by this longitudinal study confirm those found by the original case-control study. The increased risk of nuclear opacities in whites appears to be a new finding.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for nuclear opalescence in a longitudinal study. LSC Group. Longitudinal Study of Cataract. 944 Mar 96