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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gout refers to heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by production of deposits of sodium urate crystals in tissues. Gout manifests as acute gouty arthritis with classic clinical picture, or as chronic gouty arthropathy with periarticular and subcutaneous deposits of sodium urate crystals, i.e. tophi. As for kidney, gout is manifested as acute or chronic gouty nephropathy and urolithiasis. These manifestations occur separately or they are combined. Hyperuricemia of primary gout is caused rather by impaired renal secretion than overproduction of uric acid. Secondary hyperuricemia is associated with many pathological conditions; it is also connected with the use of various medicaments. Pathogenesis of gouty arthritis is critically influenced by sodium urate crystals and inflammatory processes they induce. Hyperuricemia is part of metabolic syndrome X which is associated with unanswered question of the relationship between uric acid and atherosclerosis. Although gouty arthritis is the most frequent inflammatory disease of joints in men over 50 years of age, it is often diagnosed and treated inadequately. On that account, the indication of long-term hypouricemic therapy should be always based on the following criteria: secondary causes of hyperuricemia have to be excluded first; frequency of gout attacks and the risk of their recurrence should be taken into consideration; then it is necessary to search for renal manifestations of gout; and last but not least, we should check whether there are any associated diseases classified in metabolic syndrome X.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of gout]. 1696 17

The association of elevated serum uric acid (hyperuricemia, gout) with the presence of classical coronary risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (MI) has been analysed in many epidemiological studies. Numerous studies have revealed that hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), lipid disorders (especially raised triglycerides--TG level and low high dense lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C level), increased creatinine or insulin levels have caused hyperuricemia. No association has been observed between hyperuricemia and diabetes type 2 and uricemia and glicemia. But in some studies the relationship between cholesterol and uric acid levels has been not confirmed. Hyperuricemia has been observed in patients with non-treated hypertension. Gout has often occurred with typical disorders for the metabolic syndrome X. Significant correlation of the serum uric level and the CAD presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis confirmed by coronary angiography has been observed in women. Hyperuricemia has also indirect influence on progress of CAD by physical activity restriction, what causes sedentary mode of life and lead to obesity. Obesity is a known risk factor diabetes, lipid disorders and hypertension. To recapitulate, it is a matter of controversy as to whether uric acid is an independent cardiovascular risk factor or rather it only represents reinforcement of typical risk factor.
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PMID:[Is hyperuricemia a cardiovascular risk factor?]. 1701 83