Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is fairly frequent to encounter hyperlipemia on a rheumatic unit. Firstly the symptoms of certain idiopathic hyperlipemias sometimes include rheumatic changes. The latter include firstly, arthritis and tendinitis, above all observed in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia but also mentionned in Type IV, and secondly, exceptional bony lesions (generally of xanthoma type) which seem to occur exclusively in severe hyperglyceridemia. A few bone and joint diseases, such as gout or aseptic necrosis, frequently coexist with dyslipemia. Furthermore, various diseases may be simultaneously responsible for secondary hyperlipemia and involvement of the locomotor apparatus. Finally, the iatrogenic manifestations of the locomotor system appear mainly due to hypolipemic drugs, e.g. the muscle disorders seen in a few patients treated with clofibrate.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperlipemias and their manifestations in the rheumatological sphere]. 19 31

Hyperlipoproteinaemia, notably types II and IV, may give rise to various musculoskeletal disorders. Mono-, oligo- or polyarthritis, or even simple arthralgias, are often encountered in patients with severe type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia, the most satisfactory tentative explanation for this being a microcrystalline pathology. Tendinitis is also frequent, particularly in children. The same manifestations have also been reported, although more occasionally, in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Skeletal lesions, such as xanthoma or lipoma ossificans, are extremely rare. Other musculoskeletal disorders, including gout and aseptic osteonecrosis, are often associated with hyperlipidaemia. Some diseases may induce secondary hyperlipidaemia but have their own rheumatological manifestations. Finally, lipid-lowering drugs, such as fibrates and statines, sometimes induce disabling myalgias.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperlipidemia and osteoarticular manifestations]. 185 98

The present authors analyzed the pathological alterations of 1966 tendons examined in the National Institute of Traumatology, Budapest, during the past 18 years. The majority of cases proved to be tendinopathies (hypoxic-degenerative tendinopathy or calcific tendinitis, tendolipomatosis and mucoid degeneration) leading to tendon rupture. The incidence of tendon tumors, foreign bodies, infectious tendon diseases, and other pathological conditions was clearly lower. The methods of tissue preparation and of examination of tendon specimens were also evaluated. Light microscopy was sufficient for the diagnosis of pyogenic tendinitis, tumors, xanthoma, gout, and gangrene. In degenerative tendinopathies and alterations due to hereditary disease, electron microscopy was necessary. Polarization microscopy had a key role in examination of collagen structure and architecture, and identification of foreign bodies in the tendons. Enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical examination were reliable but not absolutely necessary in the diagnosis of tendon pathology.
 ...
PMID:Pathological alterations in human tendons. 228 99

Subcutaneous nodules and rheumatoid factor (RF) are criteria used to diagnose rheumatoid disease. Their presence correlates with disease severity and poorer prognosis. They have been reported, however, in patients with little arthritis and no systemic disease. We studied four such patients, in whom (1) RF was present in high titer; (2) nodules were often extensive (nodulosis) and involved elbows, hands, and feet, with a predilection for tendons; and (3) roentgenograms showed large, subchondral bone cysts without cortical erosion of correlation with nodule location. The conditions of three of these patients had been previously misdiagnosed as gout or xanthoma. Our findings were similar to those in seven other patients described in earlier reports. We suggest that nodulosis, bone cysts, and elevated RF with little active arthritis constitute a relatively benign variant of rheumatoid disease.
 ...
PMID:Rheumatoid nodulosis. A relatively benign rheumatoid variant. 722 42

Identification of tophi indicates a definitive diagnosis of gout. However, recently they are rarely encountered. Tophi are most often seen in tissues that have a poor blood supply and low temperature, such as the ear helix and first MP joint. The nodules are yellowish-white, and non-tender, and range in size from 1 mm to 7 cm. Aspiration yields a chalky-like material that appears as needle-like crystals under light microscopy. In more advanced cases, tophi have a "punched-out" appearance with an "overhanging" margin on X-ray images. Differential diagnoses include rheumatoid nodules, xanthoma tuberosa, and CPPD crystal deposition diseases. Tophi respond well to anti-hyperuricemic therapy, during which they gradually decrease in size. However, a huge nodule may need to be surgically removed.
 ...
PMID:[Tophaceous gout]. 1840 20

The Achilles tendon xanthoma is a rare disease and has a high association with primary hyperlipidemia. An early diagnosis is essential to start treatment and change the disease course. Imaging exams can enhance diagnosis. This study reports the case of a 60-year-old man having painless nodules on his elbows and Achilles tendons without typical gout crisis, followed in the microcrystalline disease clinic of Unifesp for diagnostic workup. Laboratory tests obtained showed dyslipidemia. The ultrasound (US) showed a diffuse Achilles tendon thickening with hypoechoic areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse tendon thickening with intermediate signal areas, and a reticulate pattern within. Imaging studies showed relevant aspects to diagnose a xanthoma, thus helping in the differential diagnosis.
...
PMID:[Achilles tendon xanthoma imaging on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging]. 2874 65

Xanthoma is a rare condition mostly caused by hyperlipidemia. The pathogenesis of gout is hyperuricemia, which is caused by a disorder of purine metabolism and/or a decrease in uric acid excretion. Xanthoma combined with gout is very rare. This case report presents magnetic resonance images of a case of xanthoma combined with gout infiltration of the Achilles tendon.
 ...
PMID:Xanthoma Combined With Gout Infiltration of the Achilles Tendon: A Case Report. 3138 34