Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review presents up-to-date information on many unusual causes of musculoskeletal disorders. These disorders are grouped together because in each there is abnormal accumulation of normal materials or accumulation of abnormal materials in cells or interstitial tissues. Most of these conditions or their associated musculoskeletal manifestations are rare. However, they may present to the adult or pediatric rheumatologist for diagnosis or therapy or both. Gout, because of its prevalence, has been excluded from this review, but it is included briefly in the discussion of the specific arthritides associated with hyperlipidemias. Disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage in which bone and joint pathology occur frequently include Gaucher's disease, histiocytosis-X, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The rarer disorders of this type discussed are Fabry's disease, sea-blue histiocytosis, and Farber's disease. The abnormal accumulation of metal ions in hemochromatosis and in Wilson's disease are probably causative, either directly or indirectly, in the musculoskeletal features of these diseases, while in ochronosis, calcium crystal deposition accompanies the cartilage degradation characteristic of this disease.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemias, lipid storage disorders, metal storage disorders, and ochronosis. 204 43

Morphologic characteristics of granulomatous inflammation in the heart and pericardium are discussed. In rheumatic fever, two types of myocardial lesion are present--a nonspecific myocarditis and a specific lesion characterized by granulomas known as Aschoff's nodules. The latter undergo a cycle of development and resolution; in their mature stage, they contain Aschoff's cells which are uni- or multinucleated histiocytes with a serrated nuclear chromatin bar. Ultrastructural studies do not suggest a relationship between these cells and cardiac or smooth muscle cells. In metabolic disorders, granulomas occur in Farber's disease (lipogranulomatosis), gout (in which tophi are associated with calcific deposits and with a foreign body cellular reaction), the various syndromes of oxalosis (in which oxalate deposits also lead to a foreign body reaction), and in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Foreign body giant-cells can also be found in association with calcification of necrotic myocytes and in the syndromes of "cholesterol pericarditis." Well-developed granulomas occur in sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, as a reaction to foreign bodies and devices implanted within the cardiovascular system, and in certain diseased caused by infective agents (tuberculosis, fungal and parasitic disorders). Infiltration of the heart by nongranulomatous masses of histiocytes can occur in Whipple's disease, Niemann-Pick disease, the hyperlipoproteinemias, Gaucher's disease, and in proliferative disorders of the mononuclear phagocyte system (juvenile xanthogranuloma, Chester-Erdheim syndrome, and malignant histiocytosis).
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PMID:Granulomatous inflammation of the heart. 391 77