Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heliotropium curassavicum var. argentinum is widely employed in gout, rheumatism, neuralgias, arteriosclerotic disorders, muscular algias, phlebitis, varix and other illnesses. In order to analyze the genotoxic effect produced in vitro by this medicinal plant, chromosomal aberrations (CA), mitotic index (MI) and anaphase delay (AD) were studied in the CHO cell line, with and without the addition of S9 mix. Prepared according to the Argentine pharmacopeia 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml plant decoction (aqueous extract) were assayed. One hundred cells per culture were studied for CA and AD, while MI was calculated for 2000 nuclei. The results revealed a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal metaphases (p less than 0.001) and in total aberrations (p less than 0.001). Both the MI and the AD affected the cell cycle. All results were enhanced by the addition of an S9 fraction. The toxic effect could be associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides, which through a process of in vitro metabolism become activated by microsomal oxidation and change into pyrrolic derivatives.
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PMID:Genotoxic action of an aqueous extract of Heliotropium curassavicum var. argentinum. 137 79

The prevalence of reported chronic diseases was studied in quintiles of waist/hip ratio and Quetelet index in 11,825 women aged 40-73 presenting for mammographic screening in the DOM-project. After adjustment for age and Quetelet index, increased waist/hip ratio was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cholecystectomy and a lower prevalence of varicose veins. No associations were observed between waist/hip ratio and the prevalence of angina pectoris, gout and rheumatism. The odds ratios, adjusted for age and Quetelet index, of the highest versus the lowest quintile of waist/hip ratio were 3.4 (95% CI 1.4-8.3) for diabetes mellitus; 2.2 (95% CI 1.7-2.8) for hypertension; 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.4) for cholecystectomy, and 0.81 (95% CI 0.68-0.95) for varicose veins. After adjustment for waist/hip ratio and age, Quetelet index was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, cholecystectomy and varicose veins. Quetelet index, however, was not found to be related to diabetes, gout or rheumatism. We conclude that in a representative sample of Dutch women older than 40 years, fat distribution in addition to overweight is related to important chronic diseases.
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PMID:The relationship between fat distribution and some chronic diseases in 11,825 women participating in the DOM-project. 226 49

This paper presents epidemiological data on the prevalence of 26 common (i.e., having a lifetime prevalence of more than 1 per 10(4) individuals in the population) multifactorial diseases in Hungary and estimates of detriment associated with them. The detriment is expressed using 3 indicators, namely years of lost life (LL), potentially impaired life (PIL) and actually impaired life (AIL). The total prevalence of these diseases in Hungary has been estimated to be about 6500 per 10(4) individuals in the population. This estimate is in agreement with published data for other parts of the world. On the basis of clinical severity, these diseases have been split into 3 groups, namely (1) very severe (schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, acute myocardial infarction and related conditions, and systemic lupus erythematosus); (2) moderately severe and/or episodal or seasonal (15 entities including Graves' disease, diabetes mellitus, gout, affective psychoses, essential hypertension, peptic ulcers, asthma, etc.); and (3) less severe than those in the first 2 groups (varicose veins, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, Scheuermann disease and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis). The essential clinical and genetic aspects of these diseases are briefly discussed. With the exception of epilepsy, none of the diseases included in our list causes mortality between ages 0 and 19. However, they are among the leading causes of death between ages 20 and 69 and thereafter. A sizeable proportion of those with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. survive to 70 years and beyond, as do those with gout, glaucoma, allergic rhinitis, psoriasis, etc. Overall, about 16% of all deaths that occur in Hungary every year (all age groups) can be attributed to these diseases. The mean number of years of PIL covers a wide range (about 20-40, 12-70 and 40-60 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively), the overall mean being about 24 years. However, the nature and degree of impairment and the impact on the life quality of those afflicted differ for the different diseases. Likewise, the mean number of years of AIL (for which the interval between the mean age at premature retirement and mean age at death was used as a rough index) also spans a wide range from 16 to 45, and the overall mean is about 20 years. At the population level, the diseases considered in this paper cause about 2700 years of LL, 96,000 years of PIL and about 5800 years of AIL per 10(4) individuals in the population. Relative to Mendelian diseases as a whole, these multifactorial diseases are associated with much greater detriment (LL: 1.4 X; PIL: 30 X and AIL: 3.9 X).
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PMID:The load of genetic and partially genetic diseases in man. II. Some selected common multifactorial diseases: estimates of population prevalence and of detriment in terms of years of lost and impaired life. 305 77

A retrospective cohort-study with a follow-up of 6-17 years was carried out in four general practices in the Netherlands in the period 1967-1983. In total 317 overweight men and 565 overweight women were followed in a continuous morbidity registration, starting in the year they were diagnosed as overweight (at age 20-50 years). Incidence of illnesses in this group was compared to that in a control group (444 men and 627 women not registered overweight), matched on sex, age and calendar-year at start of follow-up. The incidence of registered morbidity in the overweight group was higher for diabetes, gout, arteriosclerotic disease, arthrosis for men and women, and also for varicose veins for women. Increasing BMI at start of follow-up was associated with increased risk for most illnesses under study. For gout and arteriosclerotic disease in men, overweight appeared to be a risk factor at lower levels of BMI than in women.
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PMID:Overweight and chronic illness--a retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 6-17 years, in men and women of initially 20-50 years of age. 373 16

The association between fat distribution, morbidity and subjective health was studied in 95 overweight adult men and 210 overweight adult women. Retrospective morbidity data were taken from a continuous morbidity registration made by general practitioners over a period of maximally 17 years. In addition information about subjective health and weight history was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken and, on the basis of waist-hip and waist-thigh circumference ratios, subjects were classified into upper body segment obesity, intermediate obesity, and lower body segment obesity. It was found that, adjusted for age and body mass index, a high waist-thigh circumference ratio was a risk factor for hypertension and for gout or diabetes in women and arthrosis in men. A low waist-thigh ratio was associated with a high prevalence of varicose veins in women. The associations of waist-hips circumference ratio with morbidity were less pronounced, with the exception of hypertension in men. Information from the questionnaire revealed that persons with upper body segment obesity (especially men) felt less healthy and had more health complaints. These findings were more pronounced for subjects less than 50 years of age than for those of 50 years and older. The weight histories suggest that women with lower body segment obesity had a longer history of obesity than women with upper body segment obesity. This was not found in men. It is concluded that classification of obesity on the basis of circumference ratios is useful for the evaluation of health hazards of overweight subjects.
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PMID:Fat distribution of overweight persons in relation to morbidity and subjective health. 407 78

About the 'Omnipotence' of the Chelation Therapy In the eighties the 'method of treatment proven in many thousands of cases over 20 years' was transferred from the USA to Germany (enjoys a priori considerable faith) using very dubious promises. It was Clarke et al. who introduced this 'therapy' in 1955. The dubious promise was to maintain that the chelation therapy eliminates or alleviates symptoms in the case of the following illnesses: Alzheimer's disease, senility, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, renal calculus, apoplectic coma, gallstones, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, varicose veins, hypertension, failure of memory, scleroderma, Raynaud's disease, digitalis intoxication, intermittent claudication, diabetic ulcer, disturbance of the blood supply, ulcer on the legs, snake poison, impotence, emotional difficulties, defective hearing, vision disorder. There is not the slightest proof of effectiveness for any of the listed indications. The burden of proof lies with the supplier. Even in the case of the relatively often examined peripheral atherosclerotic changes (claudicatio intermittens) there is no proof that EDTA has a greater effect than placebo. For coronary heart disease too there is no evidence for any usefulness of the chelation therapy beyond that of a placebo effect. Only controlled studies can help to improve the therapy in the sense of 'Evidence-based medicine'. Retrospective investigations on thousands of patients cannot 'prove' anything, although this is maintained again andagain.
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PMID:ber die laquo;Omnipotenz>> der Chelattherapie. 997 59

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) have been identified among populations in Western countries but have not been well characterized in Japan. A hospital-based case-control design employed cases with PE, which diagnosed by standard imaging techniques; controls were individuals drawn by systematic random sampling from the hospital admission register. A total of 100 (38 males and 62 females) and 199 controls were identified. Patients with PE were younger (56.5 vs 60.9 years) and more likely to be female. The odds ratio ([OR] adjusted for other factors) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of PE was elevated for the following: female gender, prolonged immobilization, history of prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), lower extremity varicose veins, body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m( 2), extremity paralysis, and gout/hyperuricemia. Inherited thrombophilia was found in 14 patients with PE (14%). Risk factors for PE in Japan are comparable in magnitude to those in Western countries; only one third of PE cases had received VTE prophylaxis.
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PMID:Risk factors for nonfatal pulmonary embolism in a Japanese population: A hospital-based case-control study. 1962 66

Traditional Indian medicine-ayurveda-could be the oldest medical system in which leech therapy was adopted for treating specific disease conditions of patients. Some of the indications in which leeches are used are in tumors, hemorrhoids, abscess and boils, skin disorders, ulcers, gout, diseases of the eye, headache, herpes zoster, thrombosis, and wounds. The saliva of the leech consists of anesthetic agents, anticoagulant, antiplatelet aggregation factor, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory substances, and gelatinous substances. Leeches suck the excess blood, reduce the swelling in the tissues, and promote healing by allowing fresh oxygenated blood to reach the area until normal circulation can be restored. Clinical studies have been conducted in different parts of the world to observe the scientific action of leech therapy. Studies with leeches have been carried out to observe the healing of complicated varicose veins, pain reduction in osteoarthritis, and other disorders.
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PMID:Clinical Significance of Leech Therapy in Indian Medicine. 3121 15