Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Azathioprine and prednisolone may lead to intolerable long-term side effects in some patients with a renal allograft. We have converted 9 patients with stable grafts but severe side effects from conventional immunosuppression to cyclosporine alone. While the steroid side effects largely resolved and there were no problems with acute rejection associated with conversion, the long-term follow up of these patients has demonstrated a number of problems. The average follow-up period since conversion is now 2 years: 2 patients have died, 2 grafts have been lost, and 1 patient required conversion to azathioprine. Chronic nephrotoxicity, gout, indomethacin-induced acute oliguria, and squamous cell carcinomas were the most troublesome effects seen. The disadvantages of conversion outweigh the advantages in most of the patients that we converted.
Uremia Invest
PMID:The problems associated with conversion from azathioprine and prednisolone to cyclosporine. 391 62

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

The content of urea in a tear is close to that in the blood both in health and uremia. This fact permitted development of a new method of laboratory diagnosis of uremia from the content of urea in a tear. The method may be used to diagnose uremia in renal diseases and various endogenous poisonings with clinical manifestations of renal insufficiency. A method for the diagnosis of hyperuricemia from the content of uric acid in a tear has been developed. The method was used for the diagnosis of gout and hyperuricemia in renal diseases. The suggested methods are reliable and available for common clinical biochemical laboratories. Biochemical analysis of a tear is much simpler, rapid, and atraumatic than analysis of the blood collected from the vein.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of tear analysis in uremia, uricemia and cholesterolemia]. 789 98

Changes of the locomotor apparatus in prolonged uraemia with regular dialyzation treatment determine the quality of life with all its consequences for the patient. The greatest impact on osteodystrophic disease (the most typical finding on the skeleton) is exerted by the length of dialyzation treatment. Of 216 patients having regular dialyzation treatment in 1979 to 1992 the authors observed osteodystrophic disease in 25, i.e. 11.6%. As to other most frequently observed changes they recorded osteoporosis in 12.9%, only very rarely osteomalacia and even osteopetrosis (1.8%). Carpal tunnel syndrome was recorded in 17.4% as a symptom of so-called dialyzation amyloidosis and in one man they observed the development of typical rheumatoid arthritis shortly after the onset of haemodialyzation. This is a rare observation not described in the literature so far. Crystalline arthropathy, incl. typical attacks of gout, were recorded only in 11 patients (5%). Changes on the locomotor apparatus in conjunction with irreversible renal failure with regular dialyzation treatment were recorded in 45%. It is important to differentiate findings which are not associated with uraemia and haemodialysis. This applies in particular to osteoarthritis deformans of the joints and spine. In major uraemic changes participates in particular secondary hyperparathyroidism. These changes comprise in particular osteolysis or even spontaneous absorption, erosive changes and destructive spondylopathy. Contemporary findings on the locomotor apparatus are so varied that they must be classified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The locomotor system in irreversible renal failure treated with regular dialysis]. 835 76

To clearly determine whether hyperuricemia participates directly in atherosclerotic disease or not, the prognosis and associated factors were studied, based on data from 104 patients whose serum uric acid had been completely maintained at normal levels with prolonged medication. The mean age at death was 65.8 +/- 10.5 years. The causes of death were as follows: cardiovascular disease (26.9%), cerebral disease (26.2%), malignant neoplasms (26.0%), uremia (7.6%), and miscellaneous disease (18.3%). Serum lipids especially triglycerides, body weight and influenced on the prognosis of the patients FBS. Most common complications were in the cardiovascular disease group; hypertension and hyperlipidemia. These data suggested that the apparent increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in gout rather than renal failure bore a relationship to such complications as hypertension or hypertriglycemia. Hyperuricemia alone may not be an atherosclerotic risk factors. There was no correlation between treatment with allopurinol and probenecid and cardiovascular complications.
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PMID:[Hyperuricemia and atherosclerosis]. 841 89

Maintenance of residual renal clearance is a clinical advantage, protecting against the long-term effects of uremia: although demonstrated in peritoneal dialysis, the strategies in hemodialysis are less clear. This case suggests that dialysis schedules individualized on the basis of renal clearances may help preserve residual function. SB is a 58 year-old male who started dialysis in emergency (creatinine 30.7 mg/dL) in 1993. He had a history of gout, small shrunken kidneys and moderate hypertension. The clinical diagnosis was vasculointerstitial nephropathy. Eighteen months after starting hemodialysis on a conventional thrice weekly schedule, the patient was switched to 2 sessions/week (creatinine clearance increased to 6 ml/min). Thereafter, clearances were checked in alternate months and treatment was tailored to an equivalent renal clearance > or =12 ml/min (1-2 sessions, 2-3.30 hours/week). Ten years after beginning dialysis, he is on a twice weekly schedule (3.30 hours), is normotensive, works full-time and does not want to go on a transplant waiting list.
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PMID:Maintenance of residual renal function 10 years after the start of hemodialysis: the advantage of tailored schedules? 1511 91

The study was held in order to analyze the main causes of death in cases of rheumatic diseases (RD) in Moscow. The authors studied the pathology records of autopsies performed in 1999-2002 in two pathology departments of Moscow clinics. Cases with RD were selected. The study found 165 cases of RD, which constituted 2% of all autopsies performed in these departments. There were 99 cases (60%) of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 4 cases (2.4%) of rheumatic fever (RF) relapse, 28 cases (17%) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 8 cases (4.8%) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 3 cases (1.8%) of scleroderma systematica (SS), 2 cases (1.2%) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 2 cases (1.2%) of systemic vasculitis (SPV), 11 cases (7.3%) of osteoarthrosis, 3 cases (1.8%) of gout, 1 case (0.6%) of polymyositis. The death of patients with RHD had been caused by hemodynamic decompensation (HD) in 54% of the cases, acute cardiovascular collapse (ACC) in 14% of the cases, 6% of the patients had died from thromboembolism (TE) and 26%--from other conditions (intoxication, uremia, brain and lung edema etc). The death of patients with RF was caused by TE in 2 cases, by HD in 1 case and by ACC in 1 case. Secondary amyloidosis resulting in chronic renal failure and uremia occurred in 5 out of 28 cases of RA, HD--in 3, ACC--in 7, TE--in 1, infectious complications--in 5, other complications--in 7 cases. Patients with SLE died from various conditions: uremia in 2 cases, acute adrenal failure in 1 case, infectious complications in 2, ACC--in 2, brain edema--in 1 case. The complications of SS were uremia and intoxication. ACC was the cause of death in cases of gout and SS. The majority of RD cases were patients with RHD. The main cause of death in RD was cardiovascular disorders.
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PMID:[The causes of death of patients with rheumatic diseases in Moscow]. 1575 89

Lithium is derived from the Greek word "lithia" which means "stone." Since its discovery by the Swedish chemist Arfedsson in the year 1817, it has been used for treatment of gout, hypertension, uremia, and rheumatism. Currently, lithium is the treatment of choice for the long-term control of mania and to prevent relapse in bipolar disorder. It has a narrow therapeutic index (0.6-1.2 mEq/L). Lithium overdose has been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular complications including cardiac arrhythmias and interstitial myocarditis. We present a review of published cases relevant to lithium-related cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:Sinus node dysfunction in association with chronic lithium therapy: a case report and review of literature. 1935 46

Most of clinically used cancer biomarkers are either specific glycan structures or glycoproteins. Although the high serum levels of the cancer biomarkers are also present in certain patients suffering noncancer diseases, systematic measurement and comparison of the serum levels of all cancer biomarkers among cancer and noncancer patients have not been reported. In this study, the serum levels of 17 glucose and glycan-related biomarkers including 10 cancer biomarkers SCCA, CA724, CA50, CA242, CA125, CA199, CA153, AFP, CEA, and PSA were retrospectively investigated based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years (2012-2018). The data included a total of 1,477,309 clinical lab test results of 17 biomarkers from healthy controls and patients suffering 64 different types of cancer and noncancer diseases. We found that the median serum levels of CA724, CEA, CA153, SCCA, and CA125 were highest not in cancer patients but in patients suffering gout, lung fibrosis, nephrotic syndrome, uremia, and cirrhosis, respectively. Consistently, the classical ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 had better overall sensitivity and specificity as biomarker for cirrhosis (67% and 92%, respectively) than that for ovarian cancer (41% and 97%, respectively). Furthermore, the information shown as heatmap or waterfall built on the -Log10p values of the 17 glycan-related biomarkers in different clinically defined diseases suggested that all glycan-related biomarkers had cancer-, aging-, and disease-relevant characteristics and cancers were systems disease. The detailed presentation of the data for each of the 17 biomarkers will be deliberated in chapters 6-23 in this book series.
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PMID:Retrospective analysis of glycan-related biomarkers based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years. 3090 46