Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (Cupressaceae), a traditional Chinese herb and food additive, has been used for treatments of gout, rheumatism, diarrhoea and chronic tracheitis. To evaluate the quality of P. orientalis (L.) Franco, a sensitive, simple and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation method with a photodiode array detector (DAD) was developed for the determination of four main bioactive flavonoids, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and amentoflavone. Separation of the four compounds was achieved by the HPLC assay (Agilent Eclipse XDB-C 18 column with mobile phase, methanol-acetonitrile-18 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) and recorded at UV 356 nm). This method showed good linear relation in the range of 0.8-80 microg/ml for rutin, 1.84-184 microg/ml for quercitrin, 0.72-72 microg/ml for quercetin and 0.72-72 microg/ml for amentoflavone. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curve for the analysis were all higher than 0.999. In addition, the contents of those four flavonoids in P. orientalis (L.) Franco growing in 12 different locations in China were compared to establish the effectiveness of the method.
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PMID:Quality evaluation of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco through simultaneous determination of four bioactive flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography. 1662 7

Pathogenesis of gout inflammation remains unknown, but recent advances have been made with respect to initiation, amplification, and self-limitation. Direct crystal-cell membrane contact leads to cell activation, involving membrane-associated molecules. Resolution of acute gout inflammation is a mechanism that is controlled by monocyte-macrophage switch, which results in the loss of cytokine production capability and, conversely, the ability to produce anti-inflammatory molecules. MRI and ultrasound findings provide preliminary data that are not yet used in clinical trials. Diagnosis and management recommendations are missing, but this gap will be filled soon with the upcoming European League Against Rheumatism Task Force's recommendations on gout.
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PMID:Gout: update on some pathogenic and clinical aspects. 1671 81

The Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group (CMSG), one of 50 groups of the not-for-profit international Cochrane Collaboration, prepares, maintains, and disseminates systematic reviews of treatments for musculoskeletal diseases. To enhance the quality and usability of systematic reviews, the CMSG has developed tailored methodological guidelines for authors of CMSG systematic reviews. Recommendations specific to musculoskeletal disorders are provided for various aspects of undertaking a systematic review, including literature searching, inclusion criteria, quality assessment, grading of evidence, data collection, and data analysis. These guidelines will help researchers design, conduct, and report results of systematic reviews of trials in the following fields of musculoskeletal health: gout, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pediatric rheumatology, rheumatoid arthritis, soft tissue rheumatism, spondyloarthropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis. Systematic reviews need to be conducted according to high methodological standards. These recommendations on developing and performing a systematic review will help improve consistency among CMSG reviews.
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PMID:Method guidelines for Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group systematic reviews. 1708 11

Crystal-induced inflammation pathogenesis is undergoing a transition with respect to monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and even basic calcium phosphate crystals. It is now recognized that innate immunity could be involved in the earlier pathogenic events and that the inflammasome, along with other signaling pathways, is activated and results in interleukin-1 processing and secretion, ultimately activating cells as a paracrine or autocrine cytokine. Management of acute and chronic monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation, namely gout, has been critically reviewed by a dedicated European working group, and on the behalf of the European League against Rheumatism, 12 evidence-based recommendations have been reported. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate chronic inflammation could benefit from colchicine and from methotrexate as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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PMID:Recent developments in crystal-induced inflammation pathogenesis and management. 1753 Nov 79

The aim of the present retrospective and hospital-based study was to describe epidemiological and clinical features of rheumatic diseases in patients attending the University Hospital of Kinshasa (UHK). Rheumatic complaint was a reason for consultation in 12.1% of outpatients attending the Department of Internal Medicine of the UHK. Osteoarthritis was the most common rheumatic disease (59.2%), followed by soft tissue rheumatism (16.1%), gout (9.3%), and spondylarthropathies (7.5%). The cumulative frequency of autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and mixed connective tissues disease) and the frequency of osteoporosis were 5.2 and 2.7%, respectively. Lumbar spine was the part of the skeleton mostly affected by osteoarthritis. Pathological fractures in osteoporosis, subcutaneous nodules, rheumatoid factor, and erosive bone lesions in rheumatoid arthritis were rarely found. Compared to the previous studies performed in the same hospital, our results disclose a threefold increase of rheumatic outpatients. The paucity of erosive arthritis and extra-articular manifestations suggest the less severity of rheumatoid arthritis in our patients. Likewise, the absence of femoral and wrist osteoporotic fractures and the scarcity of advanced vertebral crush fractures suggest the mildness of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Clinical and epidemiological features of rheumatic diseases in patients attending the university hospital in Kinshasa. 1754 12

Gout cannot be regarded a benign disease, as it is unfortunately often misunderstood. In view of the lack of recent evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) decided to commission a task force to develop such recommendations. A literature search was performed to comprehensively assess the clinical and epidemiological aspects, diagnostic tools, as well as effectiveness of therapeutic measures and the overall management. Subsequently, consensus among the participating experts should be achieved by applying a Delphi process. As a result of this project 10 recommendations for diagnosis of gout as well as 12 recommendations with respect to the management of the disease could be elaborated. Gout can be regarded as a disease with excellent prognosis in the light of the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities available. However, this only holds true if all these possibilities are applied in the appropriate manner in daily routine. It constituted the primary goal of the EULAR project to deliver a substantial contribution to improve routine care of affected patients.
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PMID:[European League Against Rheumatism evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and management of gout]. 1789 7

In the acute stage of gout, the hallux is most commonly involved followed by the mediotarsal joints and the Achilles tendons. Diagnosis of gout is established when typical monosodium urate crystals can be identified. Apart from NSAIDs, colchicine can be used when there is no renal impairment. Hypouricemic agents (allopurinol or uricosuric drugs) must be initiated one or two weeks after the acute attack of gout because there are risks of exacerbation. Losartan as well as fenofibrate have uricosuric properties. Chondrocalcinosis of the foot can be observed in hemochromatosis. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) can cause severe talagia. Hypercholesterolemia can induce xanthomas of the Achilles tendons. Apatite rheumatism can be observed in chronic dialysis patients.
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PMID:[Involvement of the foot in metabolic diseases]. 1792 16

Theodore Roosevelt's death at age 60 was probably caused by a pulmonary embolus, but it was preceded by a 2 1/2-month illness described as inflammatory rheumatism. He had intermittent fever and acute arthritis in several joints leading to hospitalization and enforced bed rest for 6 weeks. The details of his illness and its possible etiology are reviewed. Inflammatory rheumatism was a descriptive term within which several modern diagnoses might be included. Although it is not possible to identify Roosevelt's illness with any certainty, it was most compatible with polyarticular gout, although reactive arthritis, rheumatic fever, and several other diagnoses cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Theodore Roosevelt's inflammatory rheumatism. 1843 Oct 99

Febuxostat is a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase being developed for the management of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. To critically review the clinical trial data, safety profile, pharmacology, and role of febuxostat for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. A review of the literatures on febuxostat was performed. All available human studies describing the pharmacology of febuxostat were included; including pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of febuxostat. Available studies, patents and abstracts were identified through PubMed (1990-December 2006), Delphion, Cochrane Databases, and the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism Web sites. Key search terms were febuxostat, TMX-67, and TEI-6720. Febuxostat has been used at a dose of 80 to 120 mg for the management of hyperuricemia in gout. The drug is mainly metabolized by the liver and therefore mild-moderate renal impairment does not appear to impede its effect. However, given the limited long-term liver function safety data, failure of a large percentage of patients taking febuxostat to achieve the primary end point of serum urate levels less than 6.0 mg/dL, and higher drop out rate in the Febuxostat group in the clinical trials, the exact role of febuxostat as a urate-lowering therapy remains uncertain. Febuxostat is a promising alternative to allopurinol for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. The optimal length of colchicines prophylactic therapy for chronic gout, clinical significance of abnormal liver function tests results during therapy, and safety in patients with moderate or severe hepatic and renal insufficiency warrant further investigation. A post-market surveillance is also needed to address the safety issue of long-term febuxostat treatment.
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PMID:Febuxostat: a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout. 1907 68

Lithium is derived from the Greek word "lithia" which means "stone." Since its discovery by the Swedish chemist Arfedsson in the year 1817, it has been used for treatment of gout, hypertension, uremia, and rheumatism. Currently, lithium is the treatment of choice for the long-term control of mania and to prevent relapse in bipolar disorder. It has a narrow therapeutic index (0.6-1.2 mEq/L). Lithium overdose has been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular complications including cardiac arrhythmias and interstitial myocarditis. We present a review of published cases relevant to lithium-related cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:Sinus node dysfunction in association with chronic lithium therapy: a case report and review of literature. 1935 46


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