Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gout is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and other extra-articular tissues. Poorly controlled cases progress to chronic gout with tophi, which can sometimes assume massive sizes. We report one such case of a 39-year-old male with poorly controlled polyarticular tophaceous gout presenting with a massive swelling of the left elbow simulating a soft tissue tumor. Subsequent investigations confirmed it to be a massive tophus which was then surgically excised, as the mass was not responding to the medical management. At the latest follow-up after two years, the patient has full function of the elbow and gout is well controlled with medications.
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PMID:Massive Gouty Tophi Presenting as Pseudotumor of the Elbow: A Rare Presentation. 3214 Mar 36

Intraosseous gout involving the patella is an unusual presentation of the common inflammatory crystal deposition disease. In most reported cases of gout in the patella, there is prominent involvement of the adjacent patellar or quadriceps tendons of the extensor mechanism. A report from Japan describes another pattern of deposition, with a lesion arising in the synchondrosis of a bipartite patella. We present a case of a patient with no known history of gout experiencing vague anterior knee pain and subtle but rapidly progressive findings of a patellar lucent lesion on radiographs. No other cause for the patient's pain was identified on imaging. No prominent involvement of surrounding tendinous structures on MRI, unipartite patellar morphology, normal serum uric acid levels, rapid growth, and nonspecific appearance of the lesion led to a working diagnosis of patellar giant cell tumor. Biopsy of the lesion was performed to guide further management, which yielded the unexpected result of crystalline deposits consistent with gout.
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PMID:Intraosseous gout mimicking giant cell tumor of the patella. 3223 60

The lifespan of a neutrophil is short and limited by programmed cell death, followed by efferocytosis. When activated or exposed to insult, neutrophil death may be delayed to support neutrophil effector functions such as phagocytosis, cytokine release, and pathogen destruction by degranulation. However, neutrophils may also alter the type of cell death and thereby affect inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling. This review briefly introduces the various forms of neutrophil death including apoptosis, necrosis/necroptosis, and the formation of so-called "neutrophil extracellular traps" (NETs), and it summarizes the clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis. Importantly, distinct types of neutrophil death have been found to drive chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. Thus, the tumor and its microenvironment can delay neutrophil apoptosis to exploit their pro-angiogenic and pro-metastatic properties. Conversely, neutrophils may enter rapid and suicidal cell death by forming extracellular traps, which are expelled DNA strands with neutrophil proteins. Components of these DNA-protein complexes such as histones, high-mobility group protein B1, or neutrophil elastase have been found to promote cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and thereby tumor metastasis. In other settings of chronic inflammatory disease such as gout, NETs have been found protective rather than detrimental, as they promoted the local degradation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by neutrophil proteases. Thus, the interaction of neutrophils with the tissue environment extends beyond the stage of the living cell and the type of neutrophil death shapes immune responses and tissue remodeling in health and disease.
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PMID:The role of neutrophil death in chronic inflammation and cancer. 3235 13


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