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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gout disease in our country as both exogenous factors (dietary habits, professions, etc.) and endogenous factors (sex, inheritance, etc.) play a polygenic role in its incidence. Those conditions resulting in hyperuricemia (diseases, drugs, etc.) facilitate the clinical manifestations. But a genetic determinant in the articular reaction in front of an accumulation of uric acid crystals or in the development of such crystallization is a fundamental factor in the manifestation of the disease. In our series we were able to confirm the high incidence of arterial hypertension, renal lithiasis and renal participation in gout. The role of lead and of certain professions in favouring the hyperuricemia is suggested. A classification of gout, from a functional point of view, must include both the clinical form and the analysis of the whole renal function, and the renal handling of uric acid. This is mandatory not only for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease but to set the basis of its adequate management.
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PMID:Gout disease. Its natural history based on 1,000 observations. 85 20

The diagnostics of hyperlipoproteinaemias is essentially based on the proof of biochemical parameters. The simultaneous determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in the serum is the most important measure for establishing disturbances of the lipid metabolism. The behaviour of these two lipids, the consideration of the serum and the lipoprotein electrophoresis in most cases make possible a classification according to the distributed all over the world and clinically relevant division according to Fredrickson. Loading tests for the early recognition of hyperlipoproteinaemias - analogus to protodiabetes - are hitherto not yet known. Within the diagnostics shoude be taken into consideration that hyperliproproteinaemias are frequently associated with other metabolic diseases (obesity, gout, diabetes mellitus, hypertension) as so-called metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of primary hyperlipoproteinemias]. 90 91

The antihypertensive effect and side-effects during 12 months' treatment with bendroflumethiazide and propranolol have been compared in two randomly selected, equally large groups (n= 53) of previously untreated male hypertensives. Systolic BP above 170 or diastolic BP above 105 mmHg on two occasions were defined as hypertension. The same BP reduction was achieved in both groups. During the 12 months' treatment one subject on bendroflumethiazide developed diabetes mellitus and one on propranolol developed cardiac decompensation. None developed gout. Contrary to what had been presumed, glucose tolerance improved during 12 months' treatment with both agents, while there were no changes in fasting blood sugar, insulin or triglyceride concentrations. No changes were found in serum potassium or total body potassium during 12 months' bendroflumethiazide treatment, while serum potassium increased during treatment with propranolol. Uric acid increased slightly during treatment with both agents. Prolongation of the follow-up to 24 months did not change any of the findings regarding metabolic changes during treatment. The frequency of subjective side-effects decreased to the same extent during treatment with both drugs. It is concluded that bendroflumethiazide and propranolol are equally useful as antihypertensive agents and that the risk of impariment of glucose metabolism and potassium balance seems to be very slight during treatment with bendroflumethiazide in mild hypertension.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effect and side-effects of bendroflumethiazide and propranolol. 93 76

Sumo is an ancient sport in Japan and there are at present over 800 professional sumo wrestlers (rikishis). After entrance into the wrestler society a wrestler takes strenuous daily training together with a very high calorie diet (more than 5,000 cal). Frequency of food intake is twice a day. The average diet of Japanese people contains of 2,279 calories and the meal frequency is generally three times a day. In 96 wrestlers average actual body weight and modified Broca index was 100.4 kg and 143.5%, respectively. In this group the prevalence of overweight with obesity, overweight without obesity, nonoverweight with obesity, and nonoverweight without obesity was 53.4, 39.1, 1.0, and 6.5%, respectively. Also mean serum levels of triglyceride, phospholipid, uric acid, and total protein were significantly higher than those obtained in 89 age-matched healthy males. The incidence of diabetes mellitus, gout, and hypertension in wrestlers was 5.2, 6.3, and 8.3%, respectively, all values being considerably higher than in controls. Weight correlated significantly with skinfold thickness, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and uric acid in each group. Multiple regression analyses were made treating weight or uric acid as dependent variables in both groups. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in wrestlers were presumed to be caused chiefly by the high calorie diet and partially by the infrequent meal intake.
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PMID:Some factors related to obesity in the Japanese sumo wrestler. 97 5

Obese people, more than 45 kg above their ideal weight, can be treated by an intestinal by-pass. This operation must be reserved for patients where conservative treatment failed, where there is no organic origin, and given the operative risk be not increased by underlying serious disease. Good pre- and postoperative collaboration of the patient together with clinical and biological controls are essential. The operation consists of an end-to-side jejuno-ileostomy with proximal suture of the blind loops; or an end-to-end jejuno-ileostomy with implantation of the blind loops in the colon. Loss of weight to near ideal plus improvement of diabetes, hypertension, gout and hyperlipaemia can be expected. Diarhea will occur for a few months or one year. Biochemical values usually remain stable: values for lipids decrease to lower normal if elevated before the operation. During fast weight loss, there are changes in the liver structure and hepatic tests; these are transient and reversible.
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PMID:[Intestinal by-pass for obesity (author's transl)]. 98 31

Historical evidence suggests that the Maori people of New Zealand were virtually untroubled by gout or obesity at a time when these disorders, along with other elements of the gouty diathesis, were rife in the best fed and hardest drinking sections of the Northern European population. By the mid 20th century, however, the apparent decline of the gout in Europe and North America and the breakup of the gouty diathesis in those lands had been more than compensated by their large-scale reappearance in the Maori and in other indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific Basin who, at first sight, appeared to have become one large gouty family. Half the Polynesian population of New Zealand, Rarotonga, Puka Puka, and the Tokelau Islands proved to be hyperuricemic by accepted European and North American standards, the associated gout rate reaching 10.2% in Maori males aged 20 and over. The trends towards hyperuricemia and gout, on the one hand, and towards obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and associated degenerative vascular disorders, on the other hand, which manifest themselves separately in some Polynesian Pacific Islanders, run together in the Maori and Samoan people, presenting a combined problem of considerable importance to the public health. The appearance of these traits under conditions of plenty in the descendants of hardy and wide-ranging Polynesian voyagers, suggests the emergence of a formerly favorable ancestral polygenic variation through selection for survival under harder conditions. This may now have lost its primitive survival value with a paradoxic shift towards increased prevalence of obesity and the gouty diathesis in more affluent environmental conditions. This may now constitute a genetic load, with recent environmentally determined increase in morbidity and mortality rates from degenerative vascular disorders. There is no satisfactory evidence that overproduction of uric acid differs in mechanism from its European counterparts, although more work remains to be done to determine whether there is any difficulty in renal handling of an increased uric acid load. A high Maori morbidity rate from gout and morbidity and mortality rates from associated components of the gouty diathesis in the face of readily available skilled medical advice and care, indicate the need for greater future attention to help education and health care delivery, at least while conditions of plenty continue. Continuation of previous epidemiologic surveillance may then be required in order to provide a continuing index of the effectiveness of these measures, as well as an opportunity for further research into the interrelationships of these associated disorders.
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PMID:Gout in Maoris. 110 93

A nearly 72-old black male with sickle cell anemia suffered from heart failure, hypertension, chronic impaired kidney function with hyperuricemia and gout. Anoxemia due to refractory anemia of the sideroachrestic type most probably precipitated the sudden heart failure.
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PMID:Long survival in sickle cell anemia. 113 54

1) Patients with myocardial infarction constituted 2.36% of all the hospitalized patients during 1961-1968. The mortality of the hospitalized patients with myocardial infarction during the same term was 19.1%. The ratio of the male to female patients with myocardial infarction was 5.2. 2) As the risk factors of myocardial infarction, the following items were considered to be of importance: 1. gout in past history, 2. angina pectoris in family history, 3. diabetes mellitus in family history, 4. cigaret smoking over 40 pieces per day, 5. diabetes mellitus in past history, 6. administrative occupation, 7. serum cholesterol level over 250 mg/100 ml, 8. obesity of 20% excess over standard body weight, 9. hypertension in family history. 3) According to the statistical analysis, several groups of risk factors and interrelationship of risk factors are recognized.
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PMID:The incidence of myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients and the risk factors of myocardial infarction. 115 99

The effects of low-mineral content water (Adelholzener Primus-Quelle) in 62 patients were studied of which 14 were hypertonic. Changes of blood sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were not observed in either group. In the hypertonic patients, blood pressure decreased from a mean systolic value of 168 to 140 mmHg and mean distolic pressure from 105 to 88 mmHg. Observations to date suggest the following indications for a low-mineral content water diet: 1. hypertension, 2. renal insufficiency in stages of compensated and decompensated retention, especially in cases with high serum potassium levels, 3. in the initial therapy of diabetes, gout and obesity; patients with a high water demand should be treated with low-mineral content water until the optimal intake of electrolytes is established.
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PMID:[Effects of water with a low mineral content on serum electrolytes and blood pressure]. 122 36

1 Twelve patients with mild hypertension were treated with bumetanide for a six-month period. No evidence was found of hypokalaemia or decreased total exchangeable potassium in subjects with or without additional potassium supplements. 2 Bumetanide was well tolerated by all patients. It caused hyperuricaemia but no episodes of gout occurred. Minor abnormalities of liver function were noted. 3 Bumetanide did not have a sustained antihypertensive action.
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PMID:Lack of effect of bumetanide on body potassium content in hypertension. 123 92


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