Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018099 (gout)
 5,192 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of inflammatory phenomena in atherosclerosis is now appreciated. Here, a clinical trial to be conducted using anti-inflammatory drugs (sulfasalazine, griseofulvin and colchicine) in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and coronary restenosis after angioplasty and bypass grafting is proposed. Patients who have both atherosclerosis and a disease responsive to anti-inflammatory drugs (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, dermatomycosis, necrotizing vasculitis, Behcet's disease, gout or other colchicine-sensitive diseases), are desirable targets of the present proposal.
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PMID:Proposal for clinical trials using anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and coronary restenosis after angioplasty and bypass grafting. 135 49

Colchicine has been used in diverse clinical settings such as gout, familial Mediterranean fever, liver cirrhosis, Behcet's disease and pericarditis. It also has an antimitotic potential hitherto unexplored due to its narrow therapeutic toxic ratio. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and the toxicity of colchicine and three analogues: thiocolchicine, 2,3 dimethyl-colchicine and 3-dimethylthiocolchicine in the blockage of amyloid synthesis in a murine model. 3-demethylthiocolchicine was equipotent to colchicine in the blockage of casein induced amyloidogenesis. However, it was markedly less toxic (LD50 11.3 mg kg-1 vs. 1.6 mg kg-1). Thiocolchicine was toxic (LD50 1.0 mg kg-1) and 2,3 didemethyl-colchicine was far less effective. The effect of 3-dimethylthiocolchicine on polymorphonuclear leukocytes was then compared to colchicine. The effect of this analogue on inhibition of chemotaxis was equivalent to that of colchicine whereas the latter was superior to the analogue in the suppression of phagocytosis (by a ratio of 2:1) and in the inhibition of bactericidal activity (by a ratio of 10:1). Since in therapeutic concentrations the only detectable effect of colchicine on PMNs is inhibition of chemotaxis, our data may point to 3-demethylthiocolchicine as an optional, perhaps superior alternative to colchicine for some of its therapeutic indications.
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PMID:Colchicine analogues: effect on amyloidogenesis in a murine model and, in vitro, on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 145 79

Protein HC and protein HC-IgA complex were measured in 18 different types of fluid sample from healthy subjects and patients with different illnesses to determine if the concentrations of protein HC and protein HC-IgA complexes could be used to monitor certain diseases, when measured separately. The normal values for HC ranged from between 0.30 mg/l in saliva and 11.7 mg/l in blood plasma. HC-IgA complex has a greater range, from undetectable concentrations (urine, colostrum, and cervical mucus) up to 59.2 mg/l in blood plasma. Undetectable concentrations of HC-IgA complex were also shown in serum from patients with IgA immune deficiency and in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Increased concentrations of HC were noted in bronchoalveolar fluid from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, serum from patients with Behcet's syndrome, and in synovial fluid from patients with gout, chondrocalcinosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, the concentrations of HC-IgA complex were raised only in those patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Measurement of protein HC (alpha 1 microglobulin) and protein HC-IgA complex in different body fluids. 246 70

Colchicine is a microtubule disrupting agent, mostly used as treatment in various kinds of inflammatory diseases such as acute familial Mediterranean fever and Behcet's disease, as well as gout. In patients with familial Mediterranean fever treatment with colchicine induces a decline of urinary neopterin concentrations which indicates a decrease of cell-mediated immune activation. In this study, we investigated a potential effect of colchicine on the T cell/macrophage system in vitro. The human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1 and PBMC were treated with colchicine or the colchicine derivative, colcemide, in the presence or absence of 250 U/ml interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or 10 microg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h or 96 h. Colchicine and colcemide increased neopterin/protein production in unstimulated THP-1 cells, but no such effect was apparent in cells stimulated with IFN-gamma. By contrast, when PBMC were treated with colchicine or colcemide a significant reduction in neopterin formation was evident in cells without and with prestimulation by IFN-gamma or LPS. In parallel, reduced production of IFN-gamma was observed in PBMC. These data suggest that colchicine and colcemide are able to inhibit T cell activation within the cellular immune response.
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PMID:Colchicine derivatives inhibit neopterin production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). 906 35

Colchicine is used for the treatment of various diseases including gouty arthritis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and Behcet's disease. As a modulator of the microtubules at the cytoskeleton level, it arrests cell division at metaphase and inhibits microtubular-dependent cell motility. Controversy exists as to the adverse effect of colchicine on sperm production and function in healthy subjects as well as in gout, FMF and Behcet's patients. Sperm analysis shows a spectrum of pathology, from oligo- and azoospermia to normospermia with disturbances in sperm motility. These inconsistent sperm pathologies can be explained in part by the variability of the pathophysiology of the underlying disease. Thus, it seems that colchicine by itself may not have a significant direct adverse effect on sperm production and function.
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PMID:The effect of colchicine treatment on sperm production and function: a review. 955 38

Colchicine is an alkaloid drug commonly used in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), gout, Behcet's syndrome, psoriasis and Sweet's syndrome. The exact mechanism of its action in these diseases is not entirely known. However, it has been shown that colchicine may inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, thereby decreasing the inflammatory process. Recently, it was shown that colchicine accumulates in neutrophils in higher concentrations than in lymphomonocytes. Studies dealing with the multiple drug resistance (MDR) issue disclosed that neutrophils lack the P-glycoprotein (P-gly) membranal pump (encoded by the MDR1 gene). We propose that the preferential accumulation of colchicine in neutrophils compared with lymphomonocytes is due to the absence of the P-gly efflux pump in the former. This may explain the effectiveness of colchicine in diseases where increased chemotaxis is evident. The hypothesis may also provide an explanation for FMF patients who do not respond to the drug.
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PMID:Does the lack of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in neutrophils explain the efficacy of colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever and other inflammatory diseases? 984 64

Colchicum holds a singular place in the History of Medicine. Many names were given through the ages: "ephemera", "finger of Hermes", "pater noster", "tue-chiens". Modern phytonyms clearly refer to the land of Colchis, a mythical place close to Armenia. Several centuries were needed to understand that, despite a frightening reputation, colchic was an elective treatment for the gout. In its long story, appears famous personages as Theophraste, Paulus Aeginata, Gilbertus Anglicus, the baron Storck and Benjamin Franklin. In modern times, colchicum has received besides gout, a wide array of new indications, among others: Behcet disease, collagen diseases and malignancies. A scarcely known chapter of genetics is the findings in 1889, by B. Pernice, an obscure physician from Palermo, of the major mitoic changes observed on gastric and intestinal mucosa of two dogs which had received large doses of colchicum. In spite of their scientific value, the works of Pernice remained largely ignored until 1949. Recent advances in colchiocotheraphy have shown fascinating new fields for research: thus in the familial Mediterranean fever, close to periodic disease, genetic disorder elective for subjects originated from all over Mediterranean and around Black Sea... the mythical country of Colchis. No other medicinal plant than colchic, except poppy, can give such records of perennial use in such a wide range of disorders.
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PMID:[The autumn crocus: two millenniums of actuality]. 1606 20

A multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) is useful in standard care of patients with all rheumatic diseases in a busy clinical setting. The MDHAQ was adapted from the classical health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) for feasibility in standard clinical care, with reduction of the number of activities from 20 to 10, visual analog scales (VAS) as 21 circles rather than 10 cm lines, availability of all core data set patient self-report measures and scoring templates on the front side, and a review of systems symptom checklist and review of recent medical history on the reverse side of a single page. Scoring templates are also available for routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID) scores, based on a composite of the three patient reported outcome (PRO) measures from the core data set included on the HAQ and MDHAQ, physical function pain, and patient estimate of global status. Flow sheets illustrating use of the MDHAQ in standard clinical care of patients with various rheumatic diseases, including psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, scleroderma, vasculitis, fibromyalgia, inflammatory bowel disease arthritis, Behcet's syndrome, and familial Mediterranean fever, are presented to illustrate use of this simple questionnaire to add to clinical decisions and document patient courses and outcomes in standard clinical care of patients with all rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:Can a Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID) scores be informative in patients with all rheumatic diseases? 1767 33

The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatic disorders in Caucasians and Turks in an identical environment. Subjects were selected randomly for an interview from Tehran's 22 districts. The Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases questionnaire was filled in, positive cases were examined, and if needed, laboratory or X-ray tests were performed. A total of 4,096 houses were visited, and 10,291 persons were interviewed. They were 71.4% Caucasians and 23.1% Turks with similar distribution of age and gender. Musculoskeletal complaints of the past 7 days were detected in 40.8% of Caucasians and 45.5% of Turks (p < 0.001). In Caucasians, the total of musculoskeletal complaints in men was 33.8% (95% CI, 31.4-36.2%) versus 48.3% in women (95% CI, 45.7-50.8%). In Turks, the total of musculoskeletal complaints in men was 36.6% (95% CI, 32.2-41.1%) versus 55.8% in women (95% CI, 55.8-60.6%). The data of Caucasians versus Turks were as follows: knee pain 20.2% (95% CI, 18.2-22.1) versus 24.1% (95% CI, 20.5-27.6), with p < 0.001; dorso-lumbar spine pain 15.1% (95% CI, 13.6-16.6) versus 18.4% (95% CI, 15.1-21.8), with p < 0.001; shoulder pain 10.7% (95% CI, 9.4-11.9) versus 12.3% (95% CI, 9.7-14.8), with p = 0.025; osteoarthritis 14.1% (95% CI, 12.8-15.2) versus 16.4% (95% CI, 14.3-18.6), p = 0.04; and knee osteoarthritis 12.3% (95% CI, 11.8-14.1) versus 15.3% (95% CI, 13.3-17.4), with p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding the prevalence of soft tissue rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet's disease, fibromyalgia, and gout. Although musculoskeletal complaints were more frequent in Turks than in Caucasians, the prevalence of rheumatic disorders was rather similar except for knee osteoarthritis.
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PMID:Effect of ethnic origin (Caucasians versus Turks) on the prevalence of rheumatic diseases: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD urban study in Iran. 1963 69

Although colchicine, a natural product, is one of the oldest drugs still currently available, its possible functions seem to be surprisingly not well-known. Beyond its present medicinal use (gout, familial Mediterranean fever, Behcet's disease, chondrocalcinosis and other crystal arthritis), numerous other conditions have been recently proposed for the use of this drug, including pericardial diseases. However, colchicine appears as a double-edged sword, with underestimated toxicity and frequent side effects. In this review, we present the main pharmacologic features of this drug, with an emphasis on toxicity and highlight its possible applications in the cardiovascular field.
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PMID:Colchicine: an old wine in a new bottle? 2328 87


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