Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infrared based frameless stereotactic navigation device (Easy Guide Neuro) was investigated for its clinical applicability, registration/application accuracy and limitations in a standard operating room set-up. In a five-month period 40 frameless stereotactic procedures (23 female, 17 male, mean age 46.4, yrs range 10-83) including 36 craniotomies and 4 spinal surgery procedures were performed. Image registration, data transfer and operation planning using skin fixed fiducials (between 5-10, mean 6.6) and CCT in 12 patients/MRI in 28 patients, generally was done the day before surgery. Clinical applicability was proven in all procedures with an additional time for pre-operative imaging and system application in the OR of 50 min mean (35-120 range). A useful registration was achieved in 39/40 patients (97.5%) with a registration accuracy of 3.4 mm (range 1.8-6.7) for brain surgery cases and 14.4 mm (6.8-25) for spine cases. This resulted in intra-operative application accuracy values for brain surgery of 4.2 mm mean (range 1-12). Enhanced registration/application accuracy values over the test period from 4.2/3.8 mm mean (Cases 1-20) up to 3.2/2 mm mean (Cases 21-40) was observed. In spinal surgery an application accuracy of 11.3 mm mean (range 5-20) was found. An intra-operative re-calibration because of system-head drift was necessary in none of the patients, nevertheless, application accuracy degradation due to brain shift was detected in every case. In conclusion, the system allowed a time sufficient accurate frameless intra-operative localisation guidance in cavernoma, meningioma, glioma, and brain metastasis surgery. In spinal surgery, the application accuracy exceeded clinical usefulness due to high registration inaccuracy using skin markers.
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PMID:Frameless stereotactic guided neurosurgery: clinical experience with an infrared based pointer device navigation system. 924 90

We used MRI for in vivo measurement of brain water self-diffusion in patients with intracranial tumours. The study included 28 patients (12 with high-grade and 3 with low-grade gliomas, 7 with metastases, 5 with meningiomas and 1 with a cerebral abscess). Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated in a single axial slice through the tumours, the sequence was sensitive to diffusion along the cephalocaudal axis. Our main finding was that ADC in contrast-enhancing areas within cerebral metastases was statistically significantly higher than ADC in contrast-enhancing areas in high-grade gliomas (P < or = 0.05). Furthermore, the ADC in oedema surrounding metastases were statistically significantly higher the ADC in oedema around high-grade gliomas (P < or = 0.02). The ADC in patients with meningiomas did not differ significantly from those seen with high-grade gliomas or cerebral metastases. The highest ADC were found within cystic or necrotic tumour areas. In one patient with a cerebral abscess, suspected of having a high-grade glioma, the ADC was similar to that in high-grade gliomas. The finding of higher ADC in cerebral metastases than in high-grade gliomas may be helpful in trying to distinguish between these tumours preoperatively; it suggests increased free extracellular and/or intracellular water fraction in cerebral metastases. The method seems to hold potential for further noninvasive characterisation of intracranial tumours.
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PMID:MR diffusion imaging of human intracranial tumours. 925 24

We treated ten patients with malignant glioma by intracarotid chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and/or 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU). Three of the patients who underwent supraophthalmic intracarotid infusion of CDDP developed a low-density area in the basal ganglia on CT scan or an enhancing lesion in the hypothalamic region on MRI, with or without neurologic symptoms. No patient had such complications with supraophthalmic infusions of ACNU, or with cervical intracarotid infusion of CDDP or selective infusion of CDDP via the anterior or middle cerebral arteries. Supraophthalmic intracarotid administration of CDDP may augment drug delivery to tumors and prevent visual complications, but is accompanied by considerable risk of parenchymal damage in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery. Possible mechanisms for such complications are discussed.
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PMID:Parenchymal damage in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery following supraophthalmic intracarotid administration of CDDP for treatment of malignant gliomas. 926 42

The abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR) of 56 cases who had different retrocochlear disorders were analysed. These disease included acoustic neuroma, glioma, cholesteatoma, astrocytoma, meningoma in cerebellopontile angle (CPA), chromaffin tumor of jugular foramen, intracranial metastatic tumor, demyelinating disease, multiple cranial nerve paralysis, hepatolenticular degeneration, other CPA tumors, expansion or stenosis of internal auditory meatus (IAM), and so on. The ABR features were varied in these diseases, even in same disease. In general, the wave latencies and interwave periods prolonged in the disorders which occupied place in CPA, the differentiation of wave was not clear and/or the wave was not well repeated in the disorders which spreaded all over the brain. The cause of abnormal ABRin which CT and/or MRI were normal was also analysed. The ABR detection is a sensitive indication in retrocochlear lesions.
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PMID:[The analysis of abnormal auditory brainstem responses]. 927 2

We report a 9-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis presenting intractable adversive seizure. She had been suffering from frequent attacks of consciousness loss since the age of 6 years. Although a considerable amount of antiepileptic drugs had been administered, her epileptic attacks were not controlled, but instead rather increased. She had been suffering from adversive seizure to the right for more than 2 years. CT scan failed to show any abnormal density area. MRI showed a small lesion in the left frontal subcortical area. The electroencephalogram showed relatively mild abnormal waves in the left hemisphere. We undertook surgical removal of the lesion with epileptogenic foci because her epilepsy has not been controlled and the lesion could be a glioma. Abnormal spike waves were detected around the lesion with electrocorticogram. "Gyrectomy" technique was employed and the spike waves totally disappeared. After the surgery, no neurological deterioration was presented. She has suffered no seizure attack since the surgery even though the amount of the antiepileptic drugs has been significantly decreased. Resection of the epileptogenic foci as well as the abnormal lesion using the technique of gyrectomy is useful for the control of the intractable epilepsy, and makes the quality of life of patients much higher.
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PMID:[A case of tuberous sclerosis presenting intractable adversive seizure, successfully resected with the technique of "gyrectomy"]. 933 Apr 2

Two, discrete and spherical low grade gliomas, both demonstrating homogenous signal characteristics on MRI, were treated by radical radiosurgery. Both demonstrated the central low intensity signal alterations that are now well-described as occurring after radiosurgery of cranial neuroma. Growth arrest occurred in both cases by 2 years, followed by slow shrinkage in case 2 with the longer follow-up. Both patients are well at 2 and 5 years after treatment. These observations are discussed with regard to the role of radiosurgery in glioma therapy.
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PMID:Stereotactic multiple arc radiotherapy. V: Primary treatment of discrete low grade glioma. 933 31

Of 1728 childhood brain tumors treated at the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest during the years from 1954 until 1995, 83 of the affected children were younger than one year of age. Because of the advent of the CT and MRI scans in the last 11 years, 51 out of the 83 are presented, these being patients treated since these technological advances have been available. There was a male predominance, with 30 boys and 21 girls. Five of the 51 infants were diagnosed before two months of age. The ratio of supratentorial to infratentorial tumors was almost 1:1. Vomiting, alteration of psychomotor development, and macrocrania were the most common presenting features. Craniotomy and tumor debulking was performed in 85% of the children and 94% of the infants. The most frequent histological diagnosis was benign glioma, PNET, malignant glioma, and craniopharyngioma. The surgical mortality rate was 5% for the children and 13% for the infant group. All five neonates survived the surgical procedure. Radiation therapy was given in 29% of the children and in 7% of infants.
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PMID:Brain tumors during the first year of life. 938 39

Recurrence of malignant glioma following radiotherapy most commonly occurs in close proximity to the original contrast enhancing CT/MRI tumor volume. For this reason current radiation planning favors focal radiotherapy fields designed to cover the preoperative tumor contrast enhancing volume +/- surrounding edema with a 2-4 centimetre margin. Two patients with bifrontal malignant gliomas treated with such radiotherapy fields experienced out of field tumor progression while on treatment. Posterior extension along the corpus callosum, not evident on pretreatment imaging, was hypothesized as the cause of the geographic miss. The literature documenting recurrence patterns of malignant glioma following radiotherapy support focal field radiotherapy fields for most patients with malignant glioma. Reporting bias may exist in the literature, however, due to the whole brain radiotherapy used in older series reporting recurrence patterns and exclusion of patients with bihemispheric or more locally extensive tumors in more modern series. Tumor location and pattern of growth at presentation may be important factors in predicting patterns of spread and relapse after radiotherapy.
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PMID:Bihemispheric malignant glioma: one size does not fit all. 954 61

The histological diagnosis and proliferative potential measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index (LI) were correlated with preoperative CT and contrast-enhanced, MRI, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) and 201T1 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 43 patients with various grades of glioma. 201T1 SPECT had slightly higher sensitivity to tumours with BrdU LI > or = 5% (showing 10/10) than 18F-FDG PET (7/8 tumours). 18F-FDG PET was better for identifying tumours of BrdU LI < 1% (13/15) than 201T1 SPECT (13/22). Accumulation of 201T1 in the tumour was slightly different from contrast enhancement on CT and/or MRI, and gave "false-positive" results in some low-grade gliomas. However, 201T1 SPECT, which is available in many hospitals and may cost less, provided useful information to supplement that from CT and MRI.
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PMID:Assessment of malignancy of glioma by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and single photon emission computed tomography with thallium-201 chloride. 959 89

Multiple malignant gliomas are relatively uncommon, but are sometimes difficult to differentiate from multiple metastatic brain tumors. We analyzed the MR findings of four cases of multiple gliomas, comparing them with 12 cases of multiple metastatic brain tumors. All tumors were pathologically proven by surgical operation or autopsy. Gliomas were located in the deep white matter of the cerebrum, with none found in the posterior fossa. Tumors were relatively large, and irregular, thick, ring-like enhancement was noted after the administration of Gd-DTPA. Intratumoral hemorrhage was noted in only one case. High signal intensity on T2WI around the tumor suggested that edema was greater and more extensive than in metastatic tumors and was seen even in the corpus callosum. One autopsied case that showed this high intensity presented not only edema but also tumor infiltration. Metastatic tumors were located mainly in the corticomedullary junction of the brain. They were relatively small, and eight of 12 tumors showed, nodular or smooth ring-like enhancement. Intratumoral hemorrhage was noted in four cases. Edema was noted mainly around the tumor. We conclude that differential diagnosis between gliomas and metastases is possible to some extent by MRI.
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PMID:MRI findings of multiple malignant gliomas: differentiation from multiple metastatic brain tumors. 965 Aug 92


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