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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report their experience of CT and MRI imaging in the study of suprasellar pathologies. The problems concerning the differential diagnosis between meningioma developed in the suprasellar region and pituitary tumour with suprasellar extension are discussed and illustrated; the demonstration of bone abnormalities (blistering, hyperostosis) is particularly useful for the diagnosis of presellar meningioma. The CT and MRI features of craniopharyngioma are compared; CT, of course, is more reliable than MRI in detecting calcifications; with both methods it may be difficult to visualize the cystic components. Glioma of the chiasma is readily diagnosed by MRI, provided the tumour is not too large. Non-thrombosed suprasellar aneurysms have typical features at CT and MRI. Cystic lesions are easily identified by MRI. The CT and MRI images of inflammatory lesions are not very typical.
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PMID:CT and MRI of suprasellar lesions. 156 27

Ultrasonography using a 5-MHz sector-scanning probe was performed in 4 patients with intraventricular or periventricular lesions. All patients underwent craniotomy, and the lesions included an intraventricular cyst (Case 1, Fig. 1), a subependymoma (Case 2, Figs. 2 and 3), a hypothalamic glioma (Case 3, Fig. 4) and a periventricular cavernoma (Case 4, Fig. 5). The lesion was approached in the former 3 cases via the transcallosal route and in the last via the transcortical route. Preoperative MRI was performed in such a way that both the lesion and the anticipated operative route to it were shown on the image, so that the approach angle and surrounding structures could be assessed. During craniotomy, intraoperative ultrasonographic examination was performed while the dura was still closed. By frequently changing the probe direction, we were able to obtain an image similar to that shown on the preoperative MRI, and we then initiated intradural operative procedures at an angle parallel to the axis of the probe. Since MRI provides detailed anatomical information about the approach to the lesion and the tissue around it, it has become an indispensable tool in the planning of neurosurgical operations. Although ultrasonography generally provides poorer resolution than does MRI, especially for deep structures, it does provide convenient, real-time images of any slice. Because the interhemispheric fissure, lateral ventricle, and choroid plexus have distinctive shapes and echogenicity and, hence, can be readily recognized, we found that they can be good landmarks in the imaging of periventricular or intraventricular lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Determination of approach angle to intra- and peri-ventricular lesions; ultrasonography with reference to MRI]. 157 59

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma following radiotherapy for growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is presented with a review of the literature. A 43 year old female was admitted with the signs of acromegaly and hypertension. An eosinophilic pituitary adenoma was subtotally removed by transsphenoidal approach, and followed by 60 Gy irradiation using a 2 x 2 cm lateral opposed field. Fourteen years later at the age of 57, she suffered from headache, recent-memory disturbance and uncinate fits. CT scan and MRI disclosed ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the left temporal lobe, corresponding to the previous irradiated field. 18F-FDG PET showed hypermetabolism at the lesion. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and a reddish gray gelatinous tumor containing necrotic center and cyst was partially removed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of hypercellular astrocytic cells with perivascular pseudorosette. Coagulation necrosis at the center of the tumor, and hyalinosis and fibrosis of the blood vessels in and around the tumor, which might have been caused by the antecedent radiotherapy, were recognized. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were given, however, she expired 13 months after the operation. Seven cases, including ours, of malignant glioma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma were reported in the literature. A total dose of irradiation varies from 45 to 95 Gy with a mean of 50 Gy. The period of latency before tumor occurrence ranges from 5 to 22 years with a mean of 10 years. The differentiation of radiation-induced gliomas from radionecrosis of the brain is also discussed.
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PMID:[Anaplastic astrocytoma 14 years after radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma]. 157 77

Surface coil MRI combined with spatially localized spectroscopy was used to noninvasively detect 1H signals from metabolites within an intracerebral malignant glioma in rats. The MRS pulse sequence was based upon two-dimensional ISIS, which restricted 1H signals to a column-shaped volume, combined with one-dimensional spectroscopic imaging, which further resolved the signals into 8 or 16 slices along the major axis of the column. All experiments were executed with adiabatic pulses which induced uniform spin excitation despite the inhomogeneous radiofrequency field distribution produced by the surface coil transmitter. Surface coil MRI and MRS experiments were performed on phantom samples, normal rat brains, and rat brains harboring malignant gliomas. Spatially resolved in vivo 1H spectra of intracerebral gliomas revealed significantly decreased concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine and increased lactic acid (or lipids) as compared to the contralateral hemisphere. These results demonstrate that metabolic abnormalities in intracerebral rat gliomas can be spatially resolved in a noninvasive manner using localized in vivo 1H MRS.
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PMID:Spatially localized in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of an intracerebral rat glioma. 173 86

CT and MRI were used in a prospective study of the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in 41 consecutive children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Gadolinium-DTPA was used in 15 patients. MRI was more effective than CT in delimiting the extension of the optic pathway glioma and in evaluating associated cerebral malformations. MRI visualized lesions generally undetected by CT, in the form of iso- or hyperintense foci with respect to the cerebral cortex in T2-weighted sequences. Well-delimited lesions of high signal intensity were observed in the globus pallidus (22 cases), the internal capsule (6 cases), corpus callosum (2 cases), anterior commissure (1 case) and semioval center (2 cases). Poorly defined hyper- or isointense areas were also observed affecting the cerebellar white matter (21 cases) and brain stem (17 cases). None of these lesions showed Gadolinium-DTPA enhancement, and were of no clinical significance. MRI has displaced CT in the initial diagnosis of patients with NF-1. Periodic annual MRI controls are only justified in patients with MRI changes to evaluate the progression or stabilization of the lesions.
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PMID:Imaging considerations of central nervous system manifestations in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. 174 66

Hypothalamic glioma was found in a 17 year old male patient 15 years after irradiation of right optic glioma. It was totally removed by surgery. He was first admitted to Ryukyu University Hospital at the age of 1 year and 11 months, with right exophthalmos and visual disturbance. Diagnosis was anterior type of right optic glioma. This was treated by irradiation (47 Gy). Follow-up CT scans revealed no regrowth in intraorbital and intracranial regions. At the age of 17 years, CT scan and MRI showed an enhanced mass in the hypothalamus above the suprasellar cistern. Total removal was performed by bifrontal interhemispheric trans-lamina terminalis approach. Histological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. Postoperatively, consciousness remained disturbed for 3 weeks because of infarction in the bilateral medial nucleus of the thalamus. Radical excision of hypothalamic glioma was reviewed in the literature. We concluded that such excision has a potentially good outcome, and should be attempted when circumstances indicate its feasibility.
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PMID:[Total removal of hypothalamic glioma 15 years after irradiation of right optic glioma]. 176 60

Seven patients with recurrent high-grade glioma were treated in a Phase I/II trial with surgical debulking, after which mitogen-activated IL-2-stimulated killer (MAK) lymphocytes and 10(5) units rIL-2 were implanted in the surgical defect. The therapy was well tolerated, and the mean survival of this group of patients was 29 weeks. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by MAK lymphocytes stimulated with IL-2 in vitro was measured. A significant (r = .78, p = .04) correlation between survival of patients after therapy and the ability of the MAK lymphocytes to produce TNF in vitro was noted. A significant negative correlation (r = -.82, p = .02) was found when comparing TNF production and increasing tumor size measured on MRI. No correlation was found between TNF production in vitro and MAK lymphocytes lytic activity on K562 and U373 target cells. No correlation was found between survival and MAK cell lytic activity measured on K562 and U373 target cells. We conclude that TNF production in vitro and cytotoxic activity measured in vitro are measures of different antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. TNF production during IL-2-stimulated proliferation may be an important in vitro assay in terms of predicting length of survival of recurrent high-grade gliomas.
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PMID:Therapy of recurrent high-grade gliomas with surgery, autologous mitogen-activated IL-2-stimulated (MAK) killer lymphocytes, and rIL-2: II. Correlation of survival with MAK cell tumor necrosis factor production in vitro. 187 60

A case of adult pilocytic astrocytoma in the right temporal lobe is reported here. The patient was a twenty-four year old man, who came to the neurological division of our hospital on October 6, 1987 because of repeated consciousness-loss attacks accompanied with uncinate fit. He had no neurological deficits. However, an EEG revealed spike-and-wave complexes in the right temporal region, and a CT scan showed a small cystic lesion in the right temporal lobe. A diagnosis of psychomotor seizure was made, and the administration of anticonvulsants was started. The incidence of attack then decreased, but after approximately two years of drug therapy the attacks increased again. A CT scan was again performed, and revealed that the lesion in the right temporal lobe was enlarging. Also a noticeable enhanced lesion, identified as a mural nodule was found in the post-contrast enhancement study. A brain tumor was then suspected, and he was admitted to the neurosurgical division on October 11, 1989. He had no neurological deficits on admission. An MRI showed a low intensity lesion in the T1 weighted image, and a high intensity lesion in the T2 weighted image. A cystic lesion with a marked enhanced mural nodule was also found in the base of the right temporal lobe, according to the Gd enhancement study. Perifocal edema was not recognized. Cerebral angiography showed no positive findings. Positron emission tomography (PET), using H2(15)O, revealed low perfusion at or around the lesion, and PET using [11C]-methionine revealed an accumulation of methionine at the lesion. A diagnosis of low-grade glioma was made, and a right temporal craniotomy, for the purpose of totally removing the tumor was performed on October 26, 1989.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of adult pilocytic astrocytoma in the right temporal lobe]. 189 Oct 62

The simultaneous occurrence of meningioma and glioma is extremely rare. Three new cases and 54 adequately described in the literature are analyzed. Clinical diagnosis may be difficult due to discrepancy between clinical and radiological findings. Unexpected clinical deterioration following removal of a tumour and relapse simulating recurrence may occur. The introduction of CT technology does not seem to have offered the expected contribution to the early diagnosis of these coincidental lesions, at least before the introduction of the newer generation scanners or MRI. While removal of both tumours in one session yielded the best results, surgery for the sole glioma appeared to be associated with an unacceptably high mortality. Although several aetiopathogenetic hypotheses have been suggested for explaining this curious association, coincidental meningioma and glioma are most likely to be different primary brain tumours occurring randomly in the same individual.
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PMID:Intracranial meningiomas associated with glial tumours: a review based on 54 selected literature cases from the literature and 3 additional personal cases. 192 5

Eleven patients with intractable complex partial seizures underwent temporal lobectomy during their first decade. The mean age at onset of epilepsy was two years and at surgery was 5.5 years. On the basis of data from clinical evaluation, CT, MRI in six patients, and pathological examination of excised tissue, the aetiology of the epilepsy was thought to be mesial temporal sclerosis in four children, glioma in five, dysplasia in one and chronic progressive encephalitis in another. At follow-up eight children were seizure-free, two had reduced seizure frequency and only the child with chronic progressive encephalitis had not benefitted from surgery.
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PMID:Temporal lobectomy for the treatment of intractable complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin in early childhood. 199 6


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