Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, we investigated whether the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 correlated with invasiveness, proliferative potential, or prognosis in astrocytic tumors. Thirty-seven astrocytic tumors (8 diffuse astrocytomas, 15 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 14 glioblastomas) and three gliomatosis cerebri were investigated immunohistochemically. The invasive glioma group included three cases of gliomatosis cerebri and two of glioblastoma associated with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by assigning an immunohistochemical (IHC) score defined as the sum of expression frequency and intensity. mRNA expression patterns for the MMPs were also evaluated in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Neither the MMP-2 nor MMP-9 IHC score was related to histological malignancy. The MMP-2 IHC score of the invasive glioma group was significantly higher than those of other kinds of astrocytic tumors. However, the MMP-9 IHC score did not correlate with dissemination among astrocytic tumors. An inverse correlation was observed between the MIB-1 labeling index and the IHC scores of MMP-2, but it was not significant. A Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis revealed no significant relationship between the survival rate and MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression. Our study showed that MMP-2 expression, but not MMP-9 expression, may be associated with invasion in astrocytic tumors.
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PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression in astrocytic tumors. 1475 39

Brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI)-1 is a novel p53-inducible anti-angiogenic molecule. We examined the expression of BAI-1 in glial tumors and its association with patient survival. The expression of BAI-1 was evaluated in 20 brain tumors (meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, hemangiopericytomas, hemangioblastomas), 2 normal brain samples, 5 benign gliomas, and 26 glioblastomas. In the 26 glioblastoma tumors, we also evaluated the expression of VEGF, p53, p53 mutations, and MIB-1 to determine their association with survival. BAI-1 mRNA was expressed in all benign gliomas, normal brain, and 9 out of 26 glioblastomas, but not in the other tumors. Low VEGF and aberrant high expression of p53 were associated with a favorable outcome in univariate survival analysis, but they were not independent factors in multivariate analysis. For the treatment response, BAI-1 expression was associated with better response to radiation therapy (p=0.014). When we divided the patients into groups according to the expression patterns of BAI-1 and VEGF mRNA, the median survival of 9 patients with high VEGF expression and no expression of BAI-1 was just 6 months, while the median survival of the other 17 patients was 14 months (p=0.013). Glioblastomas with no BAI-1 and high VEGF mRNA expression are more often associated with poor clinical outcome. These findings suggest that the balance between the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors is important in the progression of glioblastoma and its response to treatment.
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PMID:Expression of VEGF and brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor-1 in glioblastoma: prognostic significance. 1501 Aug 86

Our previous studies indicate that glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is a microglial marker in routine paraffin sections, and is rarely present in monocytes/macrophages of the peripheral organs. We examined the expression of GLUT5 in 91 cases of human gliomas to characterize the microglial phenotype in glioma tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using such antibodies as a GLUT5 antibody, two markers for activated microglia: major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II Ag and macrophage scavenger receptor class A (MSR-A), and MIB-1 antibody. The immunoreactivity of GLUT5 was present in three microglial phenotypes: ramified (resting), activated, and ameboid (macrophagic) microglia in most of the cases. A double-labelling study of astrocytic tumours using GLUT5 and MIB-1 antibodies demonstrated a proportion of proliferating microglia. However, no morphological difference between MIB-1-positive, microglial cells and MIB-1-negative, microglial cells was found. The number of GLUT5-positive microglia was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in astrocytic tumours than in oligodendroglial tumours. Many GLUT5-positive microglia (up to 52% in total cells) were often observed in pilocytic astrocytomas, where microglial cells were predominantly ramified, and the number of MHC class II- or MSR-A-positive microglia was less than GLUT5-positive microglia. Thus, the present study indicated that intrinsic microglia can be a source of microglia/macrophages cell populations in astrocytic tumours, and that pilocytic astrocytomas often have a high proportion of microglial cells with mild activation.
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PMID:Expression of glucose transporter 5 by microglia in human gliomas. 1548 21

Multicellular tumor spheroids have been used to examine aspects of combined modality treatment since they often recreate the in vivo tumor environment much more closely than other models. The radioenhancement by gemcitabine (dFdC) on human glioma spheroids derived from cell lines (CLS) and biopsy tissue, grown as organotypic multicellular spheroids (OMS), was studied. CLS of GaMg and U87 and OMS of four glioblastoma patients were used. Radiochemosensitvity was determined using migration and proliferation assays on CLS. In OMS, histology and immunohistochemical studies of MIB-1, p53, and p21 expression were examined 24 and 48 h following treatment. Cell death (ethidium homodimer) was studied using a fluorescence cell viability assay. In CLS, combination treatment led to migration inhibition in GaMg and U87 of 85% and 62% (dFdC 46% and 52%, RT 21% and 43%) and proliferation inhibition of 83% and 85%, respectively. Following dFdC + RT in OMS (% of cases), apoptosis and p21 expression increased (50%), p53 expression increased (75%) and cell proliferation decreased (75%). Only minor morphological damage was observed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy identified an increased dead cell core after dFdC + RT (50%). In conclusion, dFdC can lead to an additively radioenhancement in CLS and individual OMS.
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PMID:Combined modality therapy of gemcitabine and irradiation on human glioma spheroids derived from cell lines and biopsy tissue. 1632 40

Papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) has recently been identified as a new variant of mixed neuronal-glial tumors. We report the clinical and pathological features of PGNT in two Chinese patients. One patient was a 35-year-old man who suffered from intractable seizures for 16 years. Another was a 26-year-old woman who presented with headache for 2 years. In both patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed well demarcated, mixed cystic and solid tumor in the temporal lobe. Histology of the excised tumors revealed a pseudopapillary architecture surrounded by a glial component and intervening areas were occupied by neuronally differentiated cells. No cortical dysplasia was found in the neighboring cortex in one of them. The glial component showed immunoreactivity with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein. Neuronally differentiated cells were immunolabeled by antisynaptophysin, NF, NeuN and MAP2 antibodies. Some small cells surrounding the surface of the pseudopapillae and in the compact area were immunopositive for Olig2. The MIB-1 labeling index was < 3%. The tumor did not recur within the follow-up periods of 50 months and 13 months, and the patient with temporal lobe epilepsy became seizure-free after surgery.
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PMID:Papillary glioneuronal tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases. 1677 Nov 82

The fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) induced endogenously by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration has recently been used for the intraoperative visualization of glioma tissues. To increase the sensitivity of photodetection, the emission spectra of 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence was quantitatively measured in tissues taken from six cases of en bloc resected diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas (2 diffuse astrocytomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 glioblastomas), and the correlation assessed between the fluorescence intensity and histological features. A total of 65 slices were analyzed by ex vivo spectroscopy. The ratio of the peak emission intensity to reflected excitation intensity or fluorescence intensity ratio was less than 0.001 for all 36 non-tumor tissues. The tissues with glioblastoma morphology had a fluorescence intensity ratio in excess of 0.090. The spectroscopic fluorescence intensity was positively correlated with the MIB-1 labeling index as an indicator of proliferation activity, the CD31-microvessel density as a pan-endothelial marker, and the vascular endothelial growth factor expression as an angiogenetic factor. The MIB-1 proliferation index was the most powerful determinant, suggesting that higher cell proliferation may govern preferential PpIX accumulation in glioma cells. This preliminary study suggests that spectroscopic analysis may be useful for optimizing the removal of diffuse gliomas.
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PMID:Quantitative spectroscopic analysis of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence intensity in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas. 1731 41

The expression of Wilms' tumor gene WT1 protein was investigated immunohistochemically in 73 glial tumors, including 60 astrocytic tumors, eight oligodendroglial tumors, and five ependymal tumors. WT1 protein was detected in 70 of the 73 glial tumors (95.9%) examined. Almost all glioblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, anaplastic ependymomas, and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas expressed high levels of WT1 protein. A significant (p < 0.001) correlation was found between WT1 protein expression and MIB-1 staining index. Histological examination found that WT1 protein was strongly expressed in the anaplastic portions and areas with perivascular proliferation and high cellularity, implying that WT1 gene might be important in glial tumor cell proliferation. WT1 gene is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors and WT1 protein is a target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. This study indicates that many malignant glial tumors are good candidates for cancer immunotherapy targeting WT1 protein and that WT1 protein expression could be used as a proliferation marker in glial tumors.
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PMID:Expression of WT1 protein and correlation with cellular proliferation in glial tumors. 1745 20

Primary granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult as the condition displays nonspecific features on routine neuroimaging investigations. In this paper, the authors report findings of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and fractional anisotropy (FA) with diffusion tensor MR imaging in a case of granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. A 30-year-old man presented with morning headaches and grand mal seizures. An MR image revealed a mass resembling glioblastoma in the right temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a high choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio indicative of a malignant neoplasm, accompanied by a slight elevation of glutamate and glutamine. The FA value was very low, which is inconsistent with malignant glioma. The mass was totally removed surgically. Histologically, the peripheral lesion of the mass consisted of a rough accumulation of fat granule cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and distribution of capillary vessels. Some vessels within the lesion were replaced by granulomas. The histological diagnosis was granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. The MIB-1-positive rate of the granuloma was approximately 5%. Both MR spectroscopy and FA were unable to accurately diagnose granulomatous angiitis of the CNS prior to surgery; however, elevated Cho/Cr and glutamate and glutamine shown by MR spectroscopy may indicate the moderate proliferation potential of the granuloma and the inflammatory process, respectively, in this condition. Although the low FA value in the present case enabled the authors to rule out a diagnosis of glioblastoma, FA values in inflammatory lesions require careful interpretation.
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PMID:Primary granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: findings of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fractional anisotropy in diffusion tensor imaging prior to surgery. Case report. 1793 38

Angiocentric glioma has recently been described as a novel epilepsy associated tumor with distinct clinico-pathologic features. We report the clinical and pathologic findings in 8 additional cases of this rare tumor type and extend its characterization by genomic profiling. Almost all patients had a history of long-standing drug-resistant epilepsy. Cortico-subcortical tumors were located in the temporal and parietal lobes. Seizures began at 3 to 14 years of age and surgery was performed at 6 to 70 years. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by diffuse growth and prominent perivascular tumor cell arrangements with features of astrocytic/ependymal differentiation, but lacking neoplastic neuronal features. Necrosis and vascular proliferation were not observed and mitoses were sparse or absent. MIB-1 proliferation indices ranged from <1% to 5%. Immunohistochemically, all cases stained positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, protein S100B, variably for podoplanin, and showed epithelial membrane antigen-positive cytoplasmic dots. Electron microscopy showed ependymal characteristics in 2 of 3 cases investigated. An analysis of genomic imbalances by chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization revealed loss of chromosomal bands 6q24 to q25 as the only alteration in 1 of 8 cases. In 1 of 3 cases, a high-resolution screen by array-comparative genomic hybridization identified a copy number gain of 2 adjacent clones from chromosomal band 11p11.2 containing the protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) gene. All patients are seizure free and without evidence of tumor recurrence at follow-up times ranging from 1/2 to 6.9 years. Our findings support 2 previous reports proposing that angiocentric glioma is a novel glial tumor entity of low-grade malignancy.
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PMID:Angiocentric glioma: report of clinico-pathologic and genetic findings in 8 cases. 1805 28

A 55-year-old woman presented with a right trigeminal dysfunction (dysesthesia) initially, followed by right oculomotor and abducens paresis lasting 1 month. Neuroimaging studies showed an enhanced mass in the right cavernous sinus extending to the trigeminal ganglion. The extraparenchymal tumor located around the right trigeminal ganglion was totally removed, except for an intracavernous lesion, by the orbitozygomatic approach. The solid tumor was completely separated from the brainstem and seemed to be a trigeminal schwannoma arising from the trigeminal ganglion or cavernous sinus at surgery. A histological examination, however, found a typical malignant glioma that consisted primarily of astrocytic tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor cells stained intensely for GFAP, S-100 protein, and vimentin, but not for NFP, Schwann/2E, CD34, and CD68. The mean MIB-1 index was 12.4%. The tumor recurred after a short time, and then it rapidly disseminated into the subarachnoid space and left the cerebral hemisphere. The patient died 1 year after the initial symptoms in spite of aggressive surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. There are no previous reports of a malignant glioma arising from either the cavernous sinus or the trigeminal ganglion. From the pathogenetic point of view, this malignant glioma is an extremely rare case that developed clinically and neuroradiologically from the cavernous sinus and was suspected be being derived from ectopic glial tissue.
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PMID:A rare case of malignant glioma suspected to have arisen from a cavernous sinus. 1809 35


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