Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transport and metabolism of glucose was examined in monolayers of C-6 glioma cells. 1) Glucose transport appeared to have both a low (Km = 7.74 mM) and a high (Km = 1.16 mM) affinity site in C-6cells; whereas 2-deoxyglucose had only one (Km = 3.7 mM). 2) A large portion of the accumulated glucose was rapidly metabolized to the two glycolytic end products, lactate and pyruvate, and then extruded into the medium. The temperature-dependent efflux of lactate and pyruvate was linear up to 2 hrs with 6 to 10 times more lactate being extruded into the medium than pyruvate. 3) The efflux of lactate and pyruvate increased with increasing extracellular (medium) pH. The presence of 5 percent CO2 not only inhibited the acid efflux but also inhibited the short-term uptake of glucose. The CO2 effect was attributed to a lowering of the medium pH since bicarbonate alone either increased or did not inhibit efflux. 4) Valinomycin increased the levels of cellular lactate but not those of pyruvate by almost three-fold. Lactate efflux was stimulated while that of pyruvate was inhibited. The addition of 5 percent CO2 increased the cellular levels of both lactate and pyruvate, but unlike valinomycin decreased the acid efflux. Idoacetate inhibited the acid efflux by 50 percent suggesting that glycolysis is necessary for efflux.
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PMID:Glycolytic metabolism in cultured cells of the nervous system. I. Glucose transport and metabolism in the C-6 glioma cell line. 24 29

From the Clinic of Neurosurgery of the Kantonsspital Basle a report is given over a one year-experience with a CO2-Sharplan 791 Laser (Prod.: Laser Industrie Ltd., Israel). The excellent technical qualities, as described by other authors, have been confirmed. 11 patients with malignant glioma received all the same treatment (intratumoral partly resection and "vaporisation" of the tumor-bed with Laser-ray followed by radiotherapy with 6000 rad.). It showed that the post-operative course and the definite prognosis of the disease is not decisive different from the results of an operative treatment with conventional methods. Only 2 (18,1%) patients were in a satisfactory condition fourty weeks after operation and radiotherapy. 5 patients (45,4%) died in the first 10 months after operation and radiotherapy and 4 (36,3%) had a relapse 6 months after surgical intervention.
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PMID:[Operative therapy of malignant intracranial tumors by the CO2 laser. Initial results after vaporization of the tumors]. 55 Jun 52

Intrinsic focal tumor of the medulla oblongata is an uncommon entity. Of the 51 cases presenting for treatment of a brainstem glioma between 1984 and 1990, only 7 were confined to the medulla. Radical excision was performed on each patient. Four of the first 5 patients who were extubated in the recovery room had CO2 retention, with associated respiratory arrest and hypoxia. Three suffered permanent cranial nerve deficits as a result. It is the purpose of this report to describe the serious complications of medullary surgery and to make recommendations as to how they may be avoided.
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PMID:Intrinsic tumors of the medulla: surgical complications. 182 89

A high density cell culture system has been developed for large-scale production of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of malignant tumor patients. The system consists of a culture bag, which has two compartments separated by a semipermeable membrane, and an external rotator. The system allows for a long-term, at least 4 weeks, culture of LAK cells at high cell density in the inner compartment. The collected PBLs were first divided between the two culture bags and cultured without harvesting for 7-10 days to obtain LAK cells. Half of the LAK cells from each bag was administered to patients twice a week for clinical trials. Culture of the remaining half was continued following addition of a fresh culture medium. LAK cells were transferred to patients alternatively from each bag for the following 2-3 weeks. The total number of LAK cells administered amounted to 3.9-9.8 (mean 5.8) times more than the PBLs collected by leukapheresis (n = 10). The 5 x 10(6)/ml of PBLS of the initial concentration reached a maximum of 2 x 10(7)/ml. Our system does not need for a CO2 incubator. Cytotoxicity of the LAK cells was evaluated in 4 hr 51Cr release assays. Mean cytotoxicity at maximum cell density was 95.4 +/- 3.2% against ONS-12 (a human glioma cell) and 84.8 +/- 3.0% against Daudi cells (n = 10), but gradually decreased to about 50% at the end of fourth week of the culture period. Cell viability of the LAK cells was normally over 80% through the entire culture period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A high density cell culture system for generation of human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for clinical use in adoptive immunotherapy. 196 36

Secondary mediator compounds are postulated to have a role in vasogenic oedematogenesis. They may also cause focal brain dysfunction due to their neuronal, axonal and glial modulating properties. Using the feline model of infusion brain oedema the effects of right frontal intracerebral infusion (200 microliters/hr for 3 hrs) of saline, bradykinin (10(-4) to 10(-6) M), arachidonic acid (10(-2) to 10(-3) M), 20% protein and four human glioma cyst fluids were evaluated. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), rCBF and rCBF CO2 reactivity (Hydrogen clearance). ICP, craniospinal compliance, local brain tissue water content (microgravimety), brain histology and BBB function (Evans Blue 2%) were measured. Brain water content increased locally from 69% to 79%, ICP increased (by mean 14 mmHg) and compliance decreased (mean 70%) and there were the histological features of brain oedema with all infusates. BBB opening occurred with Bradykinin (+), arachidonic acid (++), 20% protein ( ) and glioma cyst fluid (4+). Polymorphic and macrophage infiltrates were seen with all infusions but rCBF and MEPs remained normal. SSEPs changed with high dose bradykinin and some glioma cyst infusates whilst CBF CO2 reactivity was locally impaired by all infusates except saline and arachidonic acid. This study suggests that certain compounds in brain oedema fluid could mediate local brain dysfunction.
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PMID:The contribution of secondary mediators to the etiology and pathophysiology of brain oedema: studies using a feline infusion oedema model. 212 86

The laser began to be used in neurosurgery towards the end of the 60s. The early experience of their clinical use did not promise much; but from the first half of the 70s with the improvement of the laser and the accumulation of laboratory and clinical experiences, the new technology began irrepressibly to spread throughout the world. Three lasers are in use today: CO2, ND.YAG and Argon laser. Each one of them, due to their different wave length and electromagnetic radiation, gave separate characteristics of employment, i.e., the interaction between the biologic tissues and the radiation is different. Depending upon the type of intraoperative needs we will choose one of the lasers. Presently the CO2-laser is the most used in neurosurgery due to its characteristics of low penetration into the tissue and the vaporization of the tissue which is exposed to the radiation. That is why such a laser (Sharplan 1060) has been acquired by our clinic. During one year we performed 134 operations due to expansive processes in the CNS with a partial or complete use of the laser during every phase of the operation. The accumulated experiences showed that the laser is a fairly useful new tool during the various surgical situations with a wide use of the everyday work of the neurosurgeon; with its implementation we have significantly improved the surgical technique in the tumors of the CNS, both in terms of radicality as well as in sparing the healthy tissue. We believe that the laser has an absolute indication in all the glioma tumors regardless of the localization, thereafter in all remaining tumors which are not extremely supplied by blood, while at the same time reducing the time needed for the surgical procedure. In time we spread the use of the laser on arteriovenous malformations as well, which, until now, has not been suggested in literature. Our results on 4 smaller superficial angiomas fully justified the use of a laser in such cases. But it also showed us that generally the laser is still a fairly unresearched surgical innovation, and that in the future wil bring about the wider implementation of this technology in the neurosurgical operating rooms. The final results of our operations and the experiences the other neurosurgical centers in the world that use the laser, regardless of which kind have justified investment of this new surgical technology.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the use of the CO2 laser in 134 patients with expansive processes in the central nervous system]. 271 5

Brain tumors are the second most common childhood malignancy. Between 1975 and 1985, 462 newly diagnosed patients were treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; 207 (45%) tumors arose in the posterior fossa and 255 (55%) appeared supratentorially. A wide variety of histological subtypes were seen, each requiring tumor-specific treatment approaches. These included primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 86, 19%), astrocytoma (n = 135, 30%), brainstem glioma (n = 47, 10%), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 32, 7%), and ependymoma (n = 30, 6%). Because of advances in diagnostic abilities, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, between 60% and 70% of these patients are alive today. Diagnostic tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow for better perioperative management and follow-up, while the operating microscope, CO2 laser, cavitron ultrasonic aspirator and neurosurgical microinstrumentation allow for more extensive and safer surgery. Disease specific treatment protocols, utilizing radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, have made survival common in tumors such as medulloblastoma. As survival rates increase, cognitive, endocrinologic and psychologic sequelae become increasingly important. The optimal management of children with brain tumors demands a multidisciplinary approach, best facilitated by a neuro-oncology team composed of multiple subspecialists. This article addresses incidence, classification and histology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pre-, intra- and postoperative management, long-term effects and the team approach in posterior fossa tumors in childhood. Management of specific tumor types is included as well.
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PMID:Pathology, treatment and management of posterior fossa brain tumors in childhood. 296 18

We studied whether lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were capable of being induced in vitro from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with malignant glioma, by using recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). We then investigated whether they possessed anti-tumor efficacy against malignant gliomas (ONS-12, -20, -44). Human LAK cells were generated by placing 5 X 10(6) PBL into each well of 24-well plates (Corning) containing 2 ml of complete medium (CM) with 10 units of rIL-2 (TGP-3, provided by TAKEDA Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The CM consisted of RPMI 1640 with 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 1 microM sodium pyruvate, 5 X 10(-5) M 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 micrograms/ml gentamicin sulfate, 0.03% glutamine and 1% heat-inactivated human AB serum. The plates were incubated horizontally at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 72-96 hours. The LAK cells were then harvested, washed three times with Hanks balanced solution, and resuspended in RPMI 1640 with 1% heat-inactivated human AB serum for the in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The anti-tumor cytotoxic activity of LAK cells was estimated in triplicate by 4-hr 51Cr release assays. The cytotoxic activity of the LAK cells against autogeneic ONS-44 glioma cells and PHA blasts was approximately 30% and a few %, respectively. The Natural Killer (NK) activity of the patient with ONS-44 glioma cells was equivalent to that of healthy subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The anti-tumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced in vitro from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with malignant glioma]. 308 95

We have studied the in vitro antitumor effectiveness of murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced by recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). LAK cells were generated by placing 5 X 10(7) fresh C 57 BL/6 splenocytes (erythrocytes were lysed osmotically) in 10-cm (diameter) dishes (Falcon) containing 10 ml of complete medium (CM). The CM consisted of RPMI 1640 with 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 microM sodium pyruvate, 5 X 10(-5)M 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 micrograms/ml gentamicin sulfate, 0.03% glutamine, 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) and 10 units/ml of rIL-2 (TGP-3, provided by TAKEDA Chemical Industries, Ltd). The dishes were incubated horizontally at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 72-96 hr. The LAK cells were then harvested, washed three times, and resuspended in RPMI 1640 with 5% heat-inactivated FCS for the in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The antitumor cytotoxic activity of LAK cells was estimated in triplicate by 4 hr 51Cr release assays. The cytotoxic activity of LAK cells against syngeneic 203 glioma and normal syngeneic glioblasts was approximately 50% and a few %, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of LAK cells against syngeneic EL-4 thymoma, allogeneic YAC-1 lymphoma and P-815 mastocytoma was 72%, 87% and 43%, respectively. Thus LAK cells have apparent tumor specificity in vitro and are easily generated. Fresh splenocytes of CBA/J mice were markedly lytic for natural killer (NK)-sensitive YAC-1 cells, but not for 203-glioma cells or NK-resistant P-815 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The in vitro antitumor effectiveness of murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced by recombinant IL-2]. 348 67

Carbon 14 from 14C-1-pyruvate injected intravenously into glioma-transplanted rats was incorporated into various compounds in the brain and in the tumor. In the brain the majority of activity was found in CO2 (60%), and minor activities were found in alanine, lactate (15%), glutamate, and aspartate, with decreasing order, 5 min after injection. In the tumor, at 5 min, the largest activity was in lactate (56%), and lower activities were found in CO2 (24%), alanine, glutamate, and aspartate. The total 14C concentration in the tumor was twice that in the brain at 5 min and 15 min. The result was in accordance with the prediction that in brain, where the mitochondrial function is active, 14C-1-pyruvate will be oxidized completely into 14CO2, and that in tumor, where the mitochondrial function is insufficient, 14C-1-pyruvate will be converted only into 14C-lactate and prevent further degradation. It may be assumed that this difference in the turnover of 14C of 14C-1-pyruvate between brain and tumor could constitute a basis for the 'hot' visualization of human brain tumor using cyclotron-produced 11C-1-pyruvate and positron-emission tomography.
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PMID:Difference of 14C turnovers in brain and in transplanted glioma after intravenous injection of 14C-1-pyruvate into rats. 349 Sep 80


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