Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The proliferative capacity of brain-tumor cells was analyzed in vitro and in situ using monoclonal antibody (MAb) against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase alpha. For the in vitro studies, two cultured human glioma cell lines were investigated using MAb against DNA polymerase alpha, the MAb Ki-67, a serum against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin), bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), and an anti-BUdR MAb. During exponential growth of the cells, the percentage of polymerase alpha-positive cells (the "polymerase alpha score") ranged from 72.0% to 77.1%, the Ki-67-positive cells (the "Ki-67 score") ranged from 43.4% to 59.4%, the PCNA/cyclin-positive cells from 30.9% to 41.4%, and the BUdR labeling index from 28.6% to 39.3%. For the in situ studies, tissue from 60 human brain tumors and from two normal human brains was investigated and the polymerase alpha scores and Ki-67 scores were compared. In normal brain tissue, no immunostaining was found by either method. In brain tumors, both the polymerase alpha scores and the Ki-67 scores correlated with the histological grade of malignancy. Polymerase alpha scores were generally higher than Ki-67 scores in the same specimen, especially in malignant brain tumors. These findings suggest that immunostaining of DNA polymerase alpha is a convenient and important new method by which to estimate the cellular proliferation rate of brain tumors. Polymerase alpha scores may be closer to the growth fraction of the individual tumor than the MAb Ki-67 or other scores.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of DNA polymerase alpha in human brain-tumor cells. 196 2

Cytokinetic analyses of gliomas and other neoplasms rely exclusively on the use of proliferation-dependent markers such as [3H]-thymidine and BuDR incorporation and the detection of growth-dependent proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. In normal tissues, the monoclonal antibody S-44 recognizes statin, a nuclear protein expressed only in nonproliferating cells. In the present study, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using S-44 identified nuclear statin in 5.9% of a population of untreated human SK-MG-1 glioma cells in vitro. Incremental doses of the alkylating agent sarcosinamide chloroethylnitrosourea (SarCNU) induced a linear increase in the fraction of statin-positive SK-MG-1 cells. Labeling of nuclear statin with the monoclonal antibody S-44 may be a potentially useful marker of the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs in gliomas and other neoplastic tissues.
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PMID:Statin expression in the untreated and SarCNU-exposed human glioma cell line, SK-MG-1. 220 82

The authors analyzed water-soluble proteins of culture human and rat glioma cells by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods. Glioma cells were suspended in distilled water and then destroyed by freezing and thawing to obtain the water-soluble protein fraction. A modification of O'Farrell's non-equilibrium pH gradient (NEPHGE) method was used to analyze differences in protein mapping. Manabe's microscale two-dimensional electrophoresis without denaturing agents was used to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) by Western blotting. With O'Farrell's NEPHGE method and silver staining, at least 200 different polypeptides were clearly identified in each cell line. Cytoskeletal proteins, such as actin, were consistently separated in all cell lines. Marked differences in the protein map were observed between human and rat glioma cell lines, and even within the same species. Presumably, these differences are attributable to cell-biological difference in the glioma cells lines. Some proteins that were prominent in proliferating cells were scant in the protein maps of cells cultured for 24 hours in medium not containing calf serum, which suppresses cell growth. PCNA, an acidic nuclear protein that appears only in the late G1-S phase and is believed to be involved in cell proliferation, was detected by Western blotting and indirect immunostaining. Quantitative analysis of PCNA spots on the protein map appears useful in assessment of glioma cell proliferation. These results indicate that two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can contribute to the understanding of the biological features of glioma cells.
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PMID:[Analysis of the water-soluble protein fraction of glioma cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis]. 247 47

The usefulness of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining for estimating the growth fraction in glial tumors was evaluated in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas. The PCNA labeling index was compared with the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index, using alternate serial sections fixed either in 10% formalin or in periodonate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP). The PCNA labeling index was significantly correlated with the BrdU labeling index if cells with only faint PCNA staining were excluded. Differences in PCNA staining were noted between the two fixatives. The number of PCNA-positive cells in PLP-fixed material was greater than in 10% formalin-fixed material, but showed a poorer correlation with BrdU labeling index. Over-fixation in formalin reduced the number of positive cells. Although peritumoral tissue did not exhibit overexpression of PCNA, the ependymal lining was weakly stained even in areas distant from the tumor. PCNA labeling index is a useful method to estimate the growth fraction when the materials are processed in a controlled way. When clinical specimens with uncertain preparation are used, care is required in interpreting the results.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in rat glioma model: comparison with bromodeoxyuridine labeling index. 751 46

The tumoricidal effects of M-CSF were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted rat brain tumor cell lines, 9L and T9 gliomas. In rats treated with high-dose M-CSF (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L glioma growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 glioma growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose M-CSF (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L glioma growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose M-CSF (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 glioma growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of M-CSF against cell proliferation, measured as PCNA expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose M-CSF. These results suggest that M-CSF at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of gliomas. This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of M-CSF that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of PCNA expression by the tumors.
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PMID:Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against rat brain tumors. 754 81

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 140 primary human central nervous system tumors, including 51 meningiomas, 26 astrocytomas, 26 anaplastic astrocytomas, 9 glioblastomas, 1 gliosarcoma, 8 oligodendrogliomas, 5 ependymomas, 2 subependymomas, 9 medulloblastomas, and 3 paragangliomas, were immunostained using a streptavidin/peroxidase method and the PC10 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes an epitope on the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The following PCNA labeling index (LI) mean values were found for the above neoplasms: meningiomas, 3.80 +/- 7.35%; astrocytomas, 0.65 +/- 1.03%; anaplastic astrocytomas, 8.46 +/- 7.95%; glioblastomas, 10.26 +/- 11.21; gliosarcoma, 46.34%; oligodendrogliomas, 2.31 +/- 3.59%; ependymomas, 1.12 +/- 2.10%; medulloblastomas, 23.91 +/- 11.95%; and paragangliomas, 2.07 +/- 1.86%. Collectively, our findings indicate that while benign central nervous system tumors generally have low PCNA LI values, consistent over-expression of PCNA epitopes was noted in some examples, especially in a number of meningiomas. Among the malignant neuroectodermal tumors, medulloblastomas were found to have the highest PCNA LI values, corresponding to their histological grade of malignancy, and malignant glial tumors generally displayed significantly higher PCNA LI values, than their benign counterparts. Although in our study mean PCNA LI values seemed to reflect histological grading, large discrepancies were noted in all tumor groups. Our data, therefore, suggest than PCNA immunoreactivity can not be considered reliable for predicting the prognosis of the disease in individual cases.
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PMID:Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity in human central nervous system neoplasms. 768 17

The clinicopathological characteristics of small gliomas were investigated in nine patients with gliomas less than 2 cm in diameter. The tumor histology and proliferative activity were also examined. Three tumors occurred in the white matter and six at the corticomedullary junction. Histological diagnosis, Daumas-Duport's grading, bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen counts were well correlated. Most small gliomas were histologically benign, localized, and removable if not in eloquent areas of the brain. However, some cases showed high-grade glioma and invasive character at the early stage, resulting in a poor outcome.
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PMID:Small gliomas: clinicopathological study. 769 18

Statin, a 57-kDa nuclear protein, has been recognized as a unique marker of quiescent (G0) cells; specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against statin have been produced and used to label resting cells in tissue sections and in cultured cells. We present an improved method for the identification of G0 cells by dual-parameter flow cytometry of statin expression and DNA content. The appropriate technical conditions were set up by using resting and cycling human fibroblasts as a model cell system. Several fixatives proved to be suitable for the immunocytochemical detection of statin; among them, 70% ethanol was selected because this fixation procedure is suitable for DNA staining with intercalating dyes and is routinely used for the immunolabeling of proliferation markers (such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] and Ki-67) and of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation. Following cell permeabilization with detergent, exposure to the antistatin antibody (S-44), and indirect fluorescein isothiocyanate immunolabeling, cells were counterstained for DNA with propidium iodide and analyzed by dual-parameter flow cytometry. In cells from several animal sources (rat thymocytes and C6 glioma cells, mouse 3T3 cells, and human MCF-7 cells), under different experimental conditions, the expression of statin was found to correlate inversely with that of PCNA and Ki-67, and with the BrdUrd labeling index. In dual-parameter flow scattergrams, G0 (statin positive) cells can be discriminated from the potentially cycling (statin negative) G1 cells, i.e., within a cell fraction having the same DNA content. This approach can be envisaged as a powerful tool both for monitoring changes in the resting cell fraction and for investigating the process of G0-G1 transition in unperturbed and drug-treated cell populations.
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PMID:Identification of resting cells by dual-parameter flow cytometry of statin expression and DNA content. 860 30

The expression of PCNA in brain tumor cells was measured in vitro and in situ by using an electrophoretical immunoblotting method and an immunohistochemical staining method. In synchronized C6 rat glioma cells, PCNA were almost parallel to the S phase, although the small amounts of PCNA were expressed in G1 and G2 x M phases. In astrocytic tumors from operative tissues, immunohistochemical PCNA positive rate increased significantly with increasing tumor grade. PCNA positive rate of recurrent meningiomas was also significantly higher than that in nonrecurrent meningiomas. These findings suggest that the PCNA is associated with the cell cycle, especially the S phase and immunohistochemical staining of PCNA is useful to evaluate the proliferating activity of a brain tumor. Immunoblotting method would also be helpful for the exact analysis of proliferating activity in brain tumor cells.
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PMID:[Analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in brain tumors]. 884 74

Wild-type human p53 gene was transfected into the human glioma cell line T-98G. Transfectants were then isolated and characterized for growth potential and differentiation phenotype. Growth suppression, overexpression of GFAP, and accumulation in G1 phase were more commonly observed in transfectants than in T-98G cells. p21WAF1/CIP1 was overexpressed in transfectants, and the binding of PCNA and CDK 2 to p21WAF1/CIP1 were increased in transfectants. These results suggested the roles of p21WAF1/CIP1, PCNA, and CDK2 in regulation of differentiation in glioma cells and the gene transfer of wild-type p53 may be effective for the control of glial differentiation in glioma cells.
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PMID:Induction of differentiation by wild-type p53 gene in a human glioma cell line. 912 May 41


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